CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:081972ad704ef5e00549f376601debc84be429ab JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-35 Sentence denotes Treatment of the Calf with Diarrhea
TextSentencer_T1 0-35 Sentence denotes Treatment of the Calf with Diarrhea
TextSentencer_T2 37-45 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 37-45 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 48-347 Sentence denotes from the colostrum as well as that actively produced by the calf itself; irregular feeding or overfeeding; the degree of confinement and crowding, which determines the pathogenic challenge to which the calf is exposed; and a multitude of stress factors such as inclement weather and difficult birth.
TextSentencer_T3 48-347 Sentence denotes from the colostrum as well as that actively produced by the calf itself; irregular feeding or overfeeding; the degree of confinement and crowding, which determines the pathogenic challenge to which the calf is exposed; and a multitude of stress factors such as inclement weather and difficult birth.
TextSentencer_T4 348-536 Sentence denotes Calf scours may affect calves up to two months of age, but it is generally the greatest problem in calves less than two weeks of age, and frequently occurs in those less than one week old.
TextSentencer_T4 348-536 Sentence denotes Calf scours may affect calves up to two months of age, but it is generally the greatest problem in calves less than two weeks of age, and frequently occurs in those less than one week old.
TextSentencer_T5 537-622 Sentence denotes In contrast, coccidiosis is more common in older calves and is generally hemorrhagic.
TextSentencer_T5 537-622 Sentence denotes In contrast, coccidiosis is more common in older calves and is generally hemorrhagic.
TextSentencer_T6 623-707 Sentence denotes Clostridial enterotoxemia causes sudden death more commonly than it causes diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T6 623-707 Sentence denotes Clostridial enterotoxemia causes sudden death more commonly than it causes diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T7 708-946 Sentence denotes Although large numbers of clostridia are present in the small intestine of some calves with diarrhea, they may not be the primary pathogen; therefore, their presence does not confirm clostridial enterotoxemia as the cause of the diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T7 708-946 Sentence denotes Although large numbers of clostridia are present in the small intestine of some calves with diarrhea, they may not be the primary pathogen; therefore, their presence does not confirm clostridial enterotoxemia as the cause of the diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T8 947-1081 Sentence denotes Salmonellosis occurs most often in calves two weeks to four months of age that are debilitated, stressed, and under close confinement.
TextSentencer_T8 947-1081 Sentence denotes Salmonellosis occurs most often in calves two weeks to four months of age that are debilitated, stressed, and under close confinement.
TextSentencer_T9 1082-1185 Sentence denotes In some areas it may be endemic and therefore may be the most common cause of diarrhea in those calves.
TextSentencer_T9 1082-1185 Sentence denotes In some areas it may be endemic and therefore may be the most common cause of diarrhea in those calves.
TextSentencer_T10 1186-1278 Sentence denotes However, in most areas, calf scours is by far the most common cause of diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T10 1186-1278 Sentence denotes However, in most areas, calf scours is by far the most common cause of diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T11 1279-1337 Sentence denotes Frequently, the primary etiologic agent is not identified.
TextSentencer_T11 1279-1337 Sentence denotes Frequently, the primary etiologic agent is not identified.
TextSentencer_T12 1338-1439 Sentence denotes The two clinical forms of enteritis in the calf are septicemia endotoxemia and diarrheal dehydration.
TextSentencer_T12 1338-1439 Sentence denotes The two clinical forms of enteritis in the calf are septicemia endotoxemia and diarrheal dehydration.
TextSentencer_T13 1440-1588 Sentence denotes The septicemic-endotoxemic form is most common in calves that have been deprived of colostrum and occurs most commonly in the first few days oflife.
TextSentencer_T13 1440-1588 Sentence denotes The septicemic-endotoxemic form is most common in calves that have been deprived of colostrum and occurs most commonly in the first few days oflife.
TextSentencer_T14 1589-1641 Sentence denotes This form of the disease has an acute, fatal course.
TextSentencer_T14 1589-1641 Sentence denotes This form of the disease has an acute, fatal course.
TextSentencer_T15 1642-1764 Sentence denotes Afflicted calves are often found dead without ever having been observed to be sick, and even before diarrhea has occurred.
TextSentencer_T15 1642-1764 Sentence denotes Afflicted calves are often found dead without ever having been observed to be sick, and even before diarrhea has occurred.
TextSentencer_T16 1765-1898 Sentence denotes They account for less than 10 per cent of the cases reported, although in some herds, this form of the disease may be more prevalent.
TextSentencer_T16 1765-1898 Sentence denotes They account for less than 10 per cent of the cases reported, although in some herds, this form of the disease may be more prevalent.
TextSentencer_T17 1899-2024 Sentence denotes The most common clinical manifestation of enteritis is diarrhea which results in extensive losses of fluids and electrolytes.
TextSentencer_T17 1899-2024 Sentence denotes The most common clinical manifestation of enteritis is diarrhea which results in extensive losses of fluids and electrolytes.
TextSentencer_T18 2025-2154 Sentence denotes These losses and their effects have been described in detail elsewhere 6 and are quite similar regardless of the causative agent.
TextSentencer_T18 2025-2154 Sentence denotes These losses and their effects have been described in detail elsewhere 6 and are quite similar regardless of the causative agent.
TextSentencer_T19 2155-2270 Sentence denotes Therefore, the treatment of the calf with diarrhea is also quite uniform regardless of the etiology of the disease.
TextSentencer_T19 2155-2270 Sentence denotes Therefore, the treatment of the calf with diarrhea is also quite uniform regardless of the etiology of the disease.
TextSentencer_T20 2271-2517 Sentence denotes The most important aspect in the treatment of the diarrheic calfis the administration of fluids to replace the extensive losses of water and electrolytes that occur and which are responsible for the clinical signs and potential death of the calf.
TextSentencer_T20 2271-2517 Sentence denotes The most important aspect in the treatment of the diarrheic calfis the administration of fluids to replace the extensive losses of water and electrolytes that occur and which are responsible for the clinical signs and potential death of the calf.
TextSentencer_T21 2518-2678 Sentence denotes These fluids should also supply energy, particularly in patients requiring more than one or two days of treatment, since anorexia often accompanies the disease.
TextSentencer_T21 2518-2678 Sentence denotes These fluids should also supply energy, particularly in patients requiring more than one or two days of treatment, since anorexia often accompanies the disease.
TextSentencer_T22 2679-2782 Sentence denotes Optimal administration of fluids requires familiarity with several general principles of fluid therapy.
TextSentencer_T22 2679-2782 Sentence denotes Optimal administration of fluids requires familiarity with several general principles of fluid therapy.
TextSentencer_T23 2783-2960 Sentence denotes In addition, the selection of the route and rate of administration of fluids and the type of fluid used is based upon the acuteness of the illness and the degree of dehydration.
TextSentencer_T23 2783-2960 Sentence denotes In addition, the selection of the route and rate of administration of fluids and the type of fluid used is based upon the acuteness of the illness and the degree of dehydration.
TextSentencer_T24 2961-3051 Sentence denotes The degree of dehydration is best estimated from the clinical signs described in Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T24 2961-3051 Sentence denotes The degree of dehydration is best estimated from the clinical signs described in Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T25 3052-3167 Sentence denotes The amount of fluid needed as well as the condition of the animal can be determined from the degree of dehydration.
TextSentencer_T25 3052-3167 Sentence denotes The amount of fluid needed as well as the condition of the animal can be determined from the degree of dehydration.
TextSentencer_T26 3168-3319 Sentence denotes For example, if a 30 kg calf is 10 per cent dehydrated, the amount of fluid needed to correct this dehydration is 30 kg times 10 per cent, or 3 liters.
TextSentencer_T26 3168-3319 Sentence denotes For example, if a 30 kg calf is 10 per cent dehydrated, the amount of fluid needed to correct this dehydration is 30 kg times 10 per cent, or 3 liters.
TextSentencer_T27 3320-3500 Sentence denotes Although the hematocrit and plasma protein concentrations increase linearly as diarrheal dehydration in the calf progresses,6 they are poor indicators of the degree of dehydration.
TextSentencer_T27 3320-3500 Sentence denotes Although the hematocrit and plasma protein concentrations increase linearly as diarrheal dehydration in the calf progresses,6 they are poor indicators of the degree of dehydration.
TextSentencer_T28 3501-3636 Sentence denotes Both parameters may vary widely in normal calves;6 therefore changes from an average value may be meaningless in any individual animal.
TextSentencer_T28 3501-3636 Sentence denotes Both parameters may vary widely in normal calves;6 therefore changes from an average value may be meaningless in any individual animal.
TextSentencer_T29 3637-3861 Sentence denotes However, changes in hematocrit and plasma protein concentration as well as in body weight are quite useful in determining whether fluid therapy is correcting the dehydration and compensating for the continuing loss of fluid.
TextSentencer_T29 3637-3861 Sentence denotes However, changes in hematocrit and plasma protein concentration as well as in body weight are quite useful in determining whether fluid therapy is correcting the dehydration and compensating for the continuing loss of fluid.
TextSentencer_T30 3862-4007 Sentence denotes Weighing the patient periodically is one of the simplest and most reliable modes of assessment; it is also the most frequently overlooked method.
TextSentencer_T30 3862-4007 Sentence denotes Weighing the patient periodically is one of the simplest and most reliable modes of assessment; it is also the most frequently overlooked method.
TextSentencer_T31 4008-4113 Sentence denotes All fluids, regardless of the route of administration, should always be administered at body temperature.
TextSentencer_T31 4008-4113 Sentence denotes All fluids, regardless of the route of administration, should always be administered at body temperature.
TextSentencer_T32 4114-4284 Sentence denotes Warming cold blood to body temperature prior to massive blood transfusion decreased the incidence of cardiac arrest from 58 per cent to 7 per cent in one study in humans.
TextSentencer_T32 4114-4284 Sentence denotes Warming cold blood to body temperature prior to massive blood transfusion decreased the incidence of cardiac arrest from 58 per cent to 7 per cent in one study in humans.
TextSentencer_T33 4285-4399 Sentence denotes 2 Ringer's lactate solution given intravenously at 5°C to five dogs in hemorrhagic shock resulted in three deaths.
TextSentencer_T33 4285-4399 Sentence denotes 2 Ringer's lactate solution given intravenously at 5°C to five dogs in hemorrhagic shock resulted in three deaths.
TextSentencer_T34 4400-4559 Sentence denotes However, when five dogs with a similar blood loss were given the same amount of fluid warmed to body tempera- ture prior to administration, no deaths occurred.
TextSentencer_T34 4400-4559 Sentence denotes However, when five dogs with a similar blood loss were given the same amount of fluid warmed to body tempera- ture prior to administration, no deaths occurred.
TextSentencer_T35 4560-4875 Sentence denotes 2 Cold fluids given intravenously have a direct effect on the sino-atrial node, decreasing heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, and coronary artery flow, and causing death from arrhythmia and diminished contractility.2 Cold fluids given by nonintravenous routes are absorbed more slowly than are warm fluids.
TextSentencer_T35 4560-4875 Sentence denotes 2 Cold fluids given intravenously have a direct effect on the sino-atrial node, decreasing heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, and coronary artery flow, and causing death from arrhythmia and diminished contractility.2 Cold fluids given by nonintravenous routes are absorbed more slowly than are warm fluids.
TextSentencer_T36 4876-4881 Sentence denotes Oral.
TextSentencer_T36 4876-4881 Sentence denotes Oral.
TextSentencer_T37 4882-5142 Sentence denotes Oral administration of fluids is always the route of choice in the treatment of the diarrheic calf, unless the condition is so acute that intestinal absorption is not rapid enough to keep up with losses of fluid or unless the animal is too severely dehydrated.
TextSentencer_T37 4882-5142 Sentence denotes Oral administration of fluids is always the route of choice in the treatment of the diarrheic calf, unless the condition is so acute that intestinal absorption is not rapid enough to keep up with losses of fluid or unless the animal is too severely dehydrated.
TextSentencer_T38 5143-5271 Sentence denotes If the animal is more than 6 per cent dehydrated or if the disease is fulminating, fluids must be given parenterally (Table 1 ).
TextSentencer_T38 5143-5271 Sentence denotes If the animal is more than 6 per cent dehydrated or if the disease is fulminating, fluids must be given parenterally (Table 1 ).
TextSentencer_T39 5272-5405 Sentence denotes In these cases, however, giving fluids by both routes is beneficial and lessens the amount of fluids that must be given parenterally.
TextSentencer_T39 5272-5405 Sentence denotes In these cases, however, giving fluids by both routes is beneficial and lessens the amount of fluids that must be given parenterally.
TextSentencer_T40 5406-5784 Sentence denotes Oral fluid therapy has several advantages over the parenteral administration of fluids: the ability to give large volumes rapidly; a sustained input as fluids are absorbed; a lesser expense since the fluids need not be sterile and may be given by the owner; a less critical composition of the fluid compared with fluids given parenterally; and the relative safety of this route.
TextSentencer_T40 5406-5784 Sentence denotes Oral fluid therapy has several advantages over the parenteral administration of fluids: the ability to give large volumes rapidly; a sustained input as fluids are absorbed; a lesser expense since the fluids need not be sterile and may be given by the owner; a less critical composition of the fluid compared with fluids given parenterally; and the relative safety of this route.
TextSentencer_T41 5785-5903 Sentence denotes For best results, fluids administered orally should be formulated to afford the maximal rate of intestinal absorption.
TextSentencer_T41 5785-5903 Sentence denotes For best results, fluids administered orally should be formulated to afford the maximal rate of intestinal absorption.
TextSentencer_T42 5904-6013 Sentence denotes This is accomplished by using fluids which contain proteins or amino acids, glucose, sodium, and bicarbonate.
TextSentencer_T42 5904-6013 Sentence denotes This is accomplished by using fluids which contain proteins or amino acids, glucose, sodium, and bicarbonate.
TextSentencer_T43 6014-6130 Sentence denotes These solutes have a synergistic effect on the rate of intestinal absorption of each other and, therefore, of water.
TextSentencer_T43 6014-6130 Sentence denotes These solutes have a synergistic effect on the rate of intestinal absorption of each other and, therefore, of water.
TextSentencer_T44 6131-6334 Sentence denotes 7 For example, the rate of intestinal absorption of sodium is greatly increased if glucose is present; conversely, the rate of intestinal absorption of glucose is more than doubled if sodi)1m is present.
TextSentencer_T44 6131-6334 Sentence denotes 7 For example, the rate of intestinal absorption of sodium is greatly increased if glucose is present; conversely, the rate of intestinal absorption of glucose is more than doubled if sodi)1m is present.
TextSentencer_T45 6335-6534 Sentence denotes Of course, through salivary, pancreatic, and hepatic secretion, some sodium is always present in the intestine, but the quantity may not always be sufficient for maximal rates of absorption to occur.
TextSentencer_T45 6335-6534 Sentence denotes Of course, through salivary, pancreatic, and hepatic secretion, some sodium is always present in the intestine, but the quantity may not always be sufficient for maximal rates of absorption to occur.
TextSentencer_T46 6535-6607 Sentence denotes Absorption of water is passive; as solutes are absorbed, it is absorbed.
TextSentencer_T46 6535-6607 Sentence denotes Absorption of water is passive; as solutes are absorbed, it is absorbed.
TextSentencer_T47 6608-6738 Sentence denotes Thus, to obtain the maximal rate of water absorption a fluid designed to attain the maximal rate of solute absorption is required.
TextSentencer_T47 6608-6738 Sentence denotes Thus, to obtain the maximal rate of water absorption a fluid designed to attain the maximal rate of solute absorption is required.
TextSentencer_T48 6739-6854 Sentence denotes A number of fluids designed for this purpose are available commercially* or can be formulated as shown in Table 2 .
TextSentencer_T48 6739-6854 Sentence denotes A number of fluids designed for this purpose are available commercially* or can be formulated as shown in Table 2 .
TextSentencer_T49 6855-7058 Sentence denotes Oral fluids constitute excellent media for microbial growth and are nonsterile; therefore, after use, the remainder should be refrigerated and, if not used within one to two days, it should be discarded.
TextSentencer_T49 6855-7058 Sentence denotes Oral fluids constitute excellent media for microbial growth and are nonsterile; therefore, after use, the remainder should be refrigerated and, if not used within one to two days, it should be discarded.
TextSentencer_T50 7059-7142 Sentence denotes The energy, amino acids, and proteins derived from oral fluids have a dual purpose.
TextSentencer_T50 7059-7142 Sentence denotes The energy, amino acids, and proteins derived from oral fluids have a dual purpose.
TextSentencer_T51 7143-7348 Sentence denotes They not only enhance intestinal absorption but they also *Life Guard Oral-Norden Labs, Lincoln, Nebraska; Resorb-Beecham-Massengil, Bristol, Tennessee. assist in the nutritional maintenance of the animal.
TextSentencer_T51 7143-7348 Sentence denotes They not only enhance intestinal absorption but they also *Life Guard Oral-Norden Labs, Lincoln, Nebraska; Resorb-Beecham-Massengil, Bristol, Tennessee. assist in the nutritional maintenance of the animal.
TextSentencer_T52 7349-7495 Sentence denotes Although the energy and protein that most oral fluids provide are certainly of benefit, they are not sufficient to meet the animal's requirements.
TextSentencer_T52 7349-7495 Sentence denotes Although the energy and protein that most oral fluids provide are certainly of benefit, they are not sufficient to meet the animal's requirements.
TextSentencer_T53 7496-7588 Sentence denotes Therefore, additional energy must be provided if more than two days of therapy are required.
TextSentencer_T53 7496-7588 Sentence denotes Therefore, additional energy must be provided if more than two days of therapy are required.
TextSentencer_T54 7589-7705 Sentence denotes Although the administration of oral fluids may increase the loss of fecal fluid, this does not negate their benefit.
TextSentencer_T54 7589-7705 Sentence denotes Although the administration of oral fluids may increase the loss of fecal fluid, this does not negate their benefit.
TextSentencer_T55 7706-7809 Sentence denotes Their use will either reduce the net loss of water from the body or will result in a net gain of water.
TextSentencer_T55 7706-7809 Sentence denotes Their use will either reduce the net loss of water from the body or will result in a net gain of water.
TextSentencer_T56 7810-7983 Sentence denotes This is demonstrated in the example shown in Table 3 , in which, prior to receiving oral fluids, the calf had a net water loss and a decrease in body weight of I kg per day.
TextSentencer_T56 7810-7983 Sentence denotes This is demonstrated in the example shown in Table 3 , in which, prior to receiving oral fluids, the calf had a net water loss and a decrease in body weight of I kg per day.
TextSentencer_T57 7984-8121 Sentence denotes When oral fluids were given, fecal losses doubled, but the calf then had a net water gain and an increase in body weight of I kg per day.
TextSentencer_T57 7984-8121 Sentence denotes When oral fluids were given, fecal losses doubled, but the calf then had a net water gain and an increase in body weight of I kg per day.
TextSentencer_T58 8122-8394 Sentence denotes Weighing the patient eight hours or so after administration of oral fluids will confirm whether or not the fluids given orally or by any other In preruminant calves and lambs, suckled fluids will bypass the rumen and reticulum and go directly into the omasum and abomasum.
TextSentencer_T58 8122-8394 Sentence denotes Weighing the patient eight hours or so after administration of oral fluids will confirm whether or not the fluids given orally or by any other In preruminant calves and lambs, suckled fluids will bypass the rumen and reticulum and go directly into the omasum and abomasum.
TextSentencer_T59 8395-8517 Sentence denotes Nursed fluids, therefore, reach the intestine more rapidly than those given by stomach tube and are absorbed.more quickly.
TextSentencer_T59 8395-8517 Sentence denotes Nursed fluids, therefore, reach the intestine more rapidly than those given by stomach tube and are absorbed.more quickly.
TextSentencer_T60 8518-8595 Sentence denotes Thus, the calf should first be encouraged to nurse as much fluid as possible.
TextSentencer_T60 8518-8595 Sentence denotes Thus, the calf should first be encouraged to nurse as much fluid as possible.
TextSentencer_T61 8596-8660 Sentence denotes The remainder of the fluids needed may be given by stomach tube.
TextSentencer_T61 8596-8660 Sentence denotes The remainder of the fluids needed may be given by stomach tube.
TextSentencer_T62 8661-8798 Sentence denotes Most of the fluid administered by stomach tube is deposited in the rumen and takes longer to reach the intestine where absorption occurs.
TextSentencer_T62 8661-8798 Sentence denotes Most of the fluid administered by stomach tube is deposited in the rumen and takes longer to reach the intestine where absorption occurs.
TextSentencer_T63 8799-8888 Sentence denotes In some cases, this may be of benefit in providing a more prolonged therapeutic delivery.
TextSentencer_T63 8799-8888 Sentence denotes In some cases, this may be of benefit in providing a more prolonged therapeutic delivery.
TextSentencer_T64 8889-9086 Sentence denotes The subcutaneous route of fluid therapy is quite useful in animals other than the horse and pig which lack sufficient subcutaneous space for the administration of significant volumes by this route.
TextSentencer_T64 8889-9086 Sentence denotes The subcutaneous route of fluid therapy is quite useful in animals other than the horse and pig which lack sufficient subcutaneous space for the administration of significant volumes by this route.
TextSentencer_T65 9087-9174 Sentence denotes Fluids given subcutaneously are absorbed in four to six hours following administration.
TextSentencer_T65 9087-9174 Sentence denotes Fluids given subcutaneously are absorbed in four to six hours following administration.
TextSentencer_T66 9175-9354 Sentence denotes They provide a slow but sustained delivery of fluid during this period, which may be adequate iflosses of fluid from the body are not occurring faster than the rate of absorption.
TextSentencer_T66 9175-9354 Sentence denotes They provide a slow but sustained delivery of fluid during this period, which may be adequate iflosses of fluid from the body are not occurring faster than the rate of absorption.
TextSentencer_T67 9355-9551 Sentence denotes In more severe cases, the subcutaneous administration of fluids in conjunction with intravenous fluids may be quite beneficial and may lessen the amount of fluids that must be given intravenously.
TextSentencer_T67 9355-9551 Sentence denotes In more severe cases, the subcutaneous administration of fluids in conjunction with intravenous fluids may be quite beneficial and may lessen the amount of fluids that must be given intravenously.
TextSentencer_T68 9552-9745 Sentence denotes If the degree of dehydration is greater than 8 per cent, peripheral circulation is decreased to the extent that fluids given subcutaneously will not be absorbed or will be absorbed more slowly.
TextSentencer_T68 9552-9745 Sentence denotes If the degree of dehydration is greater than 8 per cent, peripheral circulation is decreased to the extent that fluids given subcutaneously will not be absorbed or will be absorbed more slowly.
TextSentencer_T69 9746-9883 Sentence denotes After correcting dehydration, the continued absorption of additional fluids given subcutaneously can help in replacing continuing losses.
TextSentencer_T69 9746-9883 Sentence denotes After correcting dehydration, the continued absorption of additional fluids given subcutaneously can help in replacing continuing losses.
TextSentencer_T70 9884-9961 Sentence denotes Fluids given subcutaneously should be sterile and warmed to body temperature.
TextSentencer_T70 9884-9961 Sentence denotes Fluids given subcutaneously should be sterile and warmed to body temperature.
TextSentencer_T71 9962-10008 Sentence denotes They should be from 1 to 1 Y2 times isosmotic.
TextSentencer_T71 9962-10008 Sentence denotes They should be from 1 to 1 Y2 times isosmotic.
TextSentencer_T72 10009-10177 Sentence denotes Electrolytes should be Y2 to 1 times isosmolality; they may contain from 0 to 2Y2 per cent glucose and generally contain at least 70 mEq per liter of sodium (Table 4 ).
TextSentencer_T72 10009-10177 Sentence denotes Electrolytes should be Y2 to 1 times isosmolality; they may contain from 0 to 2Y2 per cent glucose and generally contain at least 70 mEq per liter of sodium (Table 4 ).
TextSentencer_T73 10178-10325 Sentence denotes If their content varies from this formula, they will draw fluids or electrolytes out of the blood and may worsen the condition, at least initially.
TextSentencer_T73 10178-10325 Sentence denotes If their content varies from this formula, they will draw fluids or electrolytes out of the blood and may worsen the condition, at least initially.
TextSentencer_T74 10326-10418 Sentence denotes Addition of <?ther ingredients to the fluid depends on the specific condition being treated.
TextSentencer_T74 10326-10418 Sentence denotes Addition of <?ther ingredients to the fluid depends on the specific condition being treated.
TextSentencer_T75 10419-10545 Sentence denotes Up to 80 ml of fluid per kg of body weight may be given subcutaneously with a maximum of 10 to 20 ml per kg given in one area.
TextSentencer_T75 10419-10545 Sentence denotes Up to 80 ml of fluid per kg of body weight may be given subcutaneously with a maximum of 10 to 20 ml per kg given in one area.
TextSentencer_T76 10546-10661 Sentence denotes The rate of administration is not important as long as excessive pressure does not cause discomfort to the patient.
TextSentencer_T76 10546-10661 Sentence denotes The rate of administration is not important as long as excessive pressure does not cause discomfort to the patient.
TextSentencer_T77 10662-10699 Sentence denotes Fluids given subcutaneously may be 3.
TextSentencer_T77 10662-10699 Sentence denotes Fluids given subcutaneously may be 3.
TextSentencer_T78 10700-10900 Sentence denotes Isosmotic electrolytes + 25 grams glucose per liter or 55 ml or 50 per cent glucose per liter; total osmolality, 430 mOsm administered by gravity flow or they may be given more rapidly under pressure.
TextSentencer_T78 10700-10900 Sentence denotes Isosmotic electrolytes + 25 grams glucose per liter or 55 ml or 50 per cent glucose per liter; total osmolality, 430 mOsm administered by gravity flow or they may be given more rapidly under pressure.
TextSentencer_T79 10901-11218 Sentence denotes A three-way stopcock* and syringe may be used (one stopcock attachment going to the needle inserted subcutaneously, one to the fluid bottle, and one to a syringe which is used to draw the fluid from the bottle and i~ect it into the animal), or a collapsible fluid administration bag that can be squeezed works nicely.
TextSentencer_T79 10901-11218 Sentence denotes A three-way stopcock* and syringe may be used (one stopcock attachment going to the needle inserted subcutaneously, one to the fluid bottle, and one to a syringe which is used to draw the fluid from the bottle and i~ect it into the animal), or a collapsible fluid administration bag that can be squeezed works nicely.
TextSentencer_T80 11219-11231 Sentence denotes Intravenous.
TextSentencer_T80 11219-11231 Sentence denotes Intravenous.
TextSentencer_T81 11232-11637 Sentence denotes The intravenous route of fluid therapy is the route of choice when the animal is more than 8 per cent dehydrated (Table 1) , when the loss of fluids from the body is so rapid that replacement fluids given by other routes may not be absorbed fast enough to compensate for the losses, when shock is present, or when the animal shows clinical signs of altered concentrations of plasma electrolyte or glucose.
TextSentencer_T81 11232-11637 Sentence denotes The intravenous route of fluid therapy is the route of choice when the animal is more than 8 per cent dehydrated (Table 1) , when the loss of fluids from the body is so rapid that replacement fluids given by other routes may not be absorbed fast enough to compensate for the losses, when shock is present, or when the animal shows clinical signs of altered concentrations of plasma electrolyte or glucose.
TextSentencer_T82 11638-11806 Sentence denotes Intravenous administration of fluids has the advantage that, since absorption is not a factor, the rate at which the fluid enters the body water pool can be controlled.
TextSentencer_T82 11638-11806 Sentence denotes Intravenous administration of fluids has the advantage that, since absorption is not a factor, the rate at which the fluid enters the body water pool can be controlled.
TextSentencer_T83 11807-12006 Sentence denotes Because of this, the rate at which fluids are given intravenously must be controlled according to the needs of the individual patient, the purpose of therapy, and the composition of the fluids given.
TextSentencer_T83 11807-12006 Sentence denotes Because of this, the rate at which fluids are given intravenously must be controlled according to the needs of the individual patient, the purpose of therapy, and the composition of the fluids given.
TextSentencer_T84 12007-12133 Sentence denotes Too rapid a rate of administration of any fluid may result in shivering, apprehension, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, or death.
TextSentencer_T84 12007-12133 Sentence denotes Too rapid a rate of administration of any fluid may result in shivering, apprehension, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, or death.
TextSentencer_T85 12134-12229 Sentence denotes The intravenous administration of more than a small quantity of fluid requires catheterization.
TextSentencer_T85 12134-12229 Sentence denotes The intravenous administration of more than a small quantity of fluid requires catheterization.
TextSentencer_T86 12230-12287 Sentence denotes A number of commercially available catheters may be used.
TextSentencer_T86 12230-12287 Sentence denotes A number of commercially available catheters may be used.
TextSentencer_T87 12288-12423 Sentence denotes If a jugular intracath (that is, a catheter on the inside of a needle) is used in a calf, it should not be over 20 cm (8 in) in length.
TextSentencer_T87 12288-12423 Sentence denotes If a jugular intracath (that is, a catheter on the inside of a needle) is used in a calf, it should not be over 20 cm (8 in) in length.
TextSentencer_T88 12424-12495 Sentence denotes A 30 cm (12 in) catheter may induce ventricular fibrillation and death.
TextSentencer_T88 12424-12495 Sentence denotes A 30 cm (12 in) catheter may induce ventricular fibrillation and death.
TextSentencer_T89 12496-12660 Sentence denotes A 6 to 12 cm (2.5 to 5 in) 16 or 17 gauge extracath (catheter on the outside of the needle) works well in a calf and does not kink, which may occur with intracaths.
TextSentencer_T89 12496-12660 Sentence denotes A 6 to 12 cm (2.5 to 5 in) 16 or 17 gauge extracath (catheter on the outside of the needle) works well in a calf and does not kink, which may occur with intracaths.
TextSentencer_T90 12661-12820 Sentence denotes To insert the extracath, clip and disinfect the skin over thejugular vein, pinch the skin up and away from the vein, and make a single stab incision with a No.
TextSentencer_T90 12661-12820 Sentence denotes To insert the extracath, clip and disinfect the skin over thejugular vein, pinch the skin up and away from the vein, and make a single stab incision with a No.
TextSentencer_T91 12821-12842 Sentence denotes 11 Bard Parker blade.
TextSentencer_T91 12821-12842 Sentence denotes 11 Bard Parker blade.
TextSentencer_T92 12843-12934 Sentence denotes This procedure does not require local anesthesia or suturing after removal of the catheter.
TextSentencer_T92 12843-12934 Sentence denotes This procedure does not require local anesthesia or suturing after removal of the catheter.
TextSentencer_T93 12935-13063 Sentence denotes Next, place a tab on the hub of the catheter using two pieces of adhesive tape, approximately one half inch by 3 inches in size.
TextSentencer_T93 12935-13063 Sentence denotes Next, place a tab on the hub of the catheter using two pieces of adhesive tape, approximately one half inch by 3 inches in size.
TextSentencer_T94 13064-13135 Sentence denotes The sticky sides should be together with the catheter hub between them.
TextSentencer_T94 13064-13135 Sentence denotes The sticky sides should be together with the catheter hub between them.
TextSentencer_T95 13136-13289 Sentence denotes Attach a syringe to the catheter needle and insert the needle and catheter through the skin incision and into the vein, aspirating slightly as you do so.
TextSentencer_T95 13136-13289 Sentence denotes Attach a syringe to the catheter needle and insert the needle and catheter through the skin incision and into the vein, aspirating slightly as you do so.
TextSentencer_T96 13290-13386 Sentence denotes As soon as blood is drawn into the syringe, slide the catheter off the needle and down the vein.
TextSentencer_T96 13290-13386 Sentence denotes As soon as blood is drawn into the syringe, slide the catheter off the needle and down the vein.
TextSentencer_T97 13387-13443 Sentence denotes Tape the catheter to the calfs neck using adhesive tape.
TextSentencer_T97 13387-13443 Sentence denotes Tape the catheter to the calfs neck using adhesive tape.
TextSentencer_T98 13444-13578 Sentence denotes Encircle the calfs neck about 111 times with the tape which should be firmly stuck to the tab previously attached to the catheter hub.
TextSentencer_T98 13444-13578 Sentence denotes Encircle the calfs neck about 111 times with the tape which should be firmly stuck to the tab previously attached to the catheter hub.
TextSentencer_T99 13579-13810 Sentence denotes To prevent pulling on the catheter during the administration of fluid, the tubing from the fluid bottle to the catheter should be taped to the calfs forehead with a piece of tape encircling the calfs head just in front of the ears.
TextSentencer_T99 13579-13810 Sentence denotes To prevent pulling on the catheter during the administration of fluid, the tubing from the fluid bottle to the catheter should be taped to the calfs forehead with a piece of tape encircling the calfs head just in front of the ears.
TextSentencer_T100 13811-13827 Sentence denotes Intraperitoneal.
TextSentencer_T100 13811-13827 Sentence denotes Intraperitoneal.
TextSentencer_T101 13828-13949 Sentence denotes The intraperitoneal route of fluid administration is *Becton-Dickinson Co. , Rutherford, New J ersey. not routinely used.
TextSentencer_T101 13828-13949 Sentence denotes The intraperitoneal route of fluid administration is *Becton-Dickinson Co. , Rutherford, New J ersey. not routinely used.
TextSentencer_T102 13950-14096 Sentence denotes It has no advantage over the subcutaneous route because the absorption of fluids occurs at about the same rate by either route of administration .
TextSentencer_T102 13950-14096 Sentence denotes It has no advantage over the subcutaneous route because the absorption of fluids occurs at about the same rate by either route of administration .
TextSentencer_T103 14097-14253 Sentence denotes If fluids are poorly absorbed from the subcutaneous area because of the degree of dehydration, they will also be poorly absorbed from the peritoneal cavity.
TextSentencer_T103 14097-14253 Sentence denotes If fluids are poorly absorbed from the subcutaneous area because of the degree of dehydration, they will also be poorly absorbed from the peritoneal cavity.
TextSentencer_T104 14254-14380 Sentence denotes The intraperitoneal administration of fluids may result in peritonitis, adhesions, or damage by the needle to internal organs.
TextSentencer_T104 14254-14380 Sentence denotes The intraperitoneal administration of fluids may result in peritonitis, adhesions, or damage by the needle to internal organs.
TextSentencer_T105 14381-14578 Sentence denotes If the diarrheic calf is not over 6 per cent dehydrated (Table 1) and if the losses are not so rapid that they exceed absorptive capacity, the administration of oral fluids alone is often adequate.
TextSentencer_T105 14381-14578 Sentence denotes If the diarrheic calf is not over 6 per cent dehydrated (Table 1) and if the losses are not so rapid that they exceed absorptive capacity, the administration of oral fluids alone is often adequate.
TextSentencer_T106 14579-14645 Sentence denotes Give enough to rehydrate the calf and to maintain its body weight.
TextSentencer_T106 14579-14645 Sentence denotes Give enough to rehydrate the calf and to maintain its body weight.
TextSentencer_T107 14646-14753 Sentence denotes This will generally require 1 to 2 liters of the oral fluids previously described two to three times a day.
TextSentencer_T107 14646-14753 Sentence denotes This will generally require 1 to 2 liters of the oral fluids previously described two to three times a day.
TextSentencer_T108 14754-14990 Sentence denotes If the calf is over 6 per cent dehydrated or if the fluid losses exceed the intestinal absorptive capacity, as indicated by continued weight loss, increasing hematocrit, or past experience in the herd, fluids must be given parenterally.
TextSentencer_T108 14754-14990 Sentence denotes If the calf is over 6 per cent dehydrated or if the fluid losses exceed the intestinal absorptive capacity, as indicated by continued weight loss, increasing hematocrit, or past experience in the herd, fluids must be given parenterally.
TextSentencer_T109 14991-15123 Sentence denotes However, even in these cases the administration of fluids orally is beneficial and lessens the amount of parenteral fluids required.
TextSentencer_T109 14991-15123 Sentence denotes However, even in these cases the administration of fluids orally is beneficial and lessens the amount of parenteral fluids required.
TextSentencer_T110 15124-15216 Sentence denotes Fluids should be given orally to any calf that is not over 8 per cent dehydrated (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T110 15124-15216 Sentence denotes Fluids should be given orally to any calf that is not over 8 per cent dehydrated (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T111 15217-15430 Sentence denotes If the calf is 6 to 8 per cent dehydrated (Table 1 ), in addition to giving fluids orally, give 2 liters subcutaneously in four or five locations under the loose skin on each side of the neck, shoulders, and back.
TextSentencer_T111 15217-15430 Sentence denotes If the calf is 6 to 8 per cent dehydrated (Table 1 ), in addition to giving fluids orally, give 2 liters subcutaneously in four or five locations under the loose skin on each side of the neck, shoulders, and back.
TextSentencer_T112 15431-15470 Sentence denotes Do not give over 500 ml in anyone area.
TextSentencer_T112 15431-15470 Sentence denotes Do not give over 500 ml in anyone area.
TextSentencer_T113 15471-15642 Sentence denotes If the state of hydration is greater than 8 per cent, or iflosses occur more rapidly than oral and subcutaneous fluids can be absorbed, fluids must be given intravenously.
TextSentencer_T113 15471-15642 Sentence denotes If the state of hydration is greater than 8 per cent, or iflosses occur more rapidly than oral and subcutaneous fluids can be absorbed, fluids must be given intravenously.
TextSentencer_T114 15643-15739 Sentence denotes In this instance a minimum of three liters of fluid is needed initially by the 30 to 40 kg calf.
TextSentencer_T114 15643-15739 Sentence denotes In this instance a minimum of three liters of fluid is needed initially by the 30 to 40 kg calf.
TextSentencer_T115 15740-15854 Sentence denotes Administer 1 liter intravenously over a period of about one hour, that is, at a rate of 30 to 40 ml.per kg per hr.
TextSentencer_T115 15740-15854 Sentence denotes Administer 1 liter intravenously over a period of about one hour, that is, at a rate of 30 to 40 ml.per kg per hr.
TextSentencer_T116 15855-15987 Sentence denotes The additional 2 liters may also be given intravenously at a rate no faster than half of this rate, that is, 500 ml per hr per calf.
TextSentencer_T116 15855-15987 Sentence denotes The additional 2 liters may also be given intravenously at a rate no faster than half of this rate, that is, 500 ml per hr per calf.
TextSentencer_T117 15988-16180 Sentence denotes If if is not possible to give all fluids slowly over this prolonged period of time, give the first liter intravenously and the additional fluid needed may be given more rapidly subcutaneously.
TextSentencer_T117 15988-16180 Sentence denotes If if is not possible to give all fluids slowly over this prolonged period of time, give the first liter intravenously and the additional fluid needed may be given more rapidly subcutaneously.
TextSentencer_T118 16181-16339 Sentence denotes A second treatment, administered 8 to 12 hours later, if necessary, again may be either by the intravenous or subcutaneous routes or by a combination of both.
TextSentencer_T118 16181-16339 Sentence denotes A second treatment, administered 8 to 12 hours later, if necessary, again may be either by the intravenous or subcutaneous routes or by a combination of both.
TextSentencer_T119 16340-16453 Sentence denotes In summary, at 6 per cent dehydration or less, administer 1 to 2 liters of fluid orally two to three times a day.
TextSentencer_T119 16340-16453 Sentence denotes In summary, at 6 per cent dehydration or less, administer 1 to 2 liters of fluid orally two to three times a day.
TextSentencer_T120 16454-16549 Sentence denotes If the state of dehydration is 6 to 8 per cent, give fluids orally and 2 liters subcutaneously.
TextSentencer_T120 16454-16549 Sentence denotes If the state of dehydration is 6 to 8 per cent, give fluids orally and 2 liters subcutaneously.
TextSentencer_T121 16550-16631 Sentence denotes At greater than 8 per cent dehydration, 3 liters of fluid should be administered.
TextSentencer_T121 16550-16631 Sentence denotes At greater than 8 per cent dehydration, 3 liters of fluid should be administered.
TextSentencer_T122 16632-16833 Sentence denotes Give 1 liter intravenously over a period of one hour; the remaining 2 liters should be given intravenously over a period of not less than 4 hours, or the remaining 2 liters may be given subcutaneously.
TextSentencer_T122 16632-16833 Sentence denotes Give 1 liter intravenously over a period of one hour; the remaining 2 liters should be given intravenously over a period of not less than 4 hours, or the remaining 2 liters may be given subcutaneously.
TextSentencer_T123 16834-17033 Sentence denotes In acute cases, it may be necessary to administer fluids intravenously, regardless of the degree of dehydration present when therapy is instituted, in order to compensate fo'r diarrheal fluid losses.
TextSentencer_T123 16834-17033 Sentence denotes In acute cases, it may be necessary to administer fluids intravenously, regardless of the degree of dehydration present when therapy is instituted, in order to compensate fo'r diarrheal fluid losses.
TextSentencer_T124 17034-17250 Sentence denotes Even though certain fluid and electrolyte compositions may be more effective than others, the administration of nearly any fluid to the diarrheic calf will be beneficial since the most important ingredien t is water.
TextSentencer_T124 17034-17250 Sentence denotes Even though certain fluid and electrolyte compositions may be more effective than others, the administration of nearly any fluid to the diarrheic calf will be beneficial since the most important ingredien t is water.
TextSentencer_T125 17251-17410 Sentence denotes However, to be of maximal benefit, therapy should be aimed at not only correcting dehydration and vascular imbalances, but at correcting whole body imbalances.
TextSentencer_T125 17251-17410 Sentence denotes However, to be of maximal benefit, therapy should be aimed at not only correcting dehydration and vascular imbalances, but at correcting whole body imbalances.
TextSentencer_T126 17411-17493 Sentence denotes The plasma potassium concentration of a severely diarrheic calf is nearly doubled.
TextSentencer_T126 17411-17493 Sentence denotes The plasma potassium concentration of a severely diarrheic calf is nearly doubled.
TextSentencer_T127 17494-17702 Sentence denotes This fact may be very misleading since diarrhea causes extensive loss of potassium from the body, resulting in a total body deficit of potassium and a decrease in the intracellular concentration of potassium.
TextSentencer_T127 17494-17702 Sentence denotes This fact may be very misleading since diarrhea causes extensive loss of potassium from the body, resulting in a total body deficit of potassium and a decrease in the intracellular concentration of potassium.
TextSentencer_T128 17703-17890 Sentence denotes 6 Potassium should be given to correct the total body deficit; it must pass into body cells to correct the extracellular increase and intracellular decrease in concentration of potassium.
TextSentencer_T128 17703-17890 Sentence denotes 6 Potassium should be given to correct the total body deficit; it must pass into body cells to correct the extracellular increase and intracellular decrease in concentration of potassium.
TextSentencer_T129 17891-17950 Sentence denotes Glucose and bicarbonate are both beneficial in this regard.
TextSentencer_T129 17891-17950 Sentence denotes Glucose and bicarbonate are both beneficial in this regard.
TextSentencer_T130 17951-18134 Sentence denotes Glucose is needed for the following reasons: it enhances the movement of potassium into cells; hypoglycemia is often present in diarrheic calves;6 and it serves as a source of energy.
TextSentencer_T130 17951-18134 Sentence denotes Glucose is needed for the following reasons: it enhances the movement of potassium into cells; hypoglycemia is often present in diarrheic calves;6 and it serves as a source of energy.
TextSentencer_T131 18135-18185 Sentence denotes Bicarbonate is needed to treat metabolic acidosis.
TextSentencer_T131 18135-18185 Sentence denotes Bicarbonate is needed to treat metabolic acidosis.
TextSentencer_T132 18186-18300 Sentence denotes Acidosis, which is both intracellular and extracellular, causes an increase in the efflux of potassium from cells.
TextSentencer_T132 18186-18300 Sentence denotes Acidosis, which is both intracellular and extracellular, causes an increase in the efflux of potassium from cells.
TextSentencer_T133 18301-18423 Sentence denotes 6 Correcting acidosis reverses this effect, causing movement of hydrogen ions out of and movement of potassium into cells.
TextSentencer_T133 18301-18423 Sentence denotes 6 Correcting acidosis reverses this effect, causing movement of hydrogen ions out of and movement of potassium into cells.
TextSentencer_T134 18424-18540 Sentence denotes Ringer's lactate solution is often used to treat acidosis; the lactate must be metabolized to be effective, however.
TextSentencer_T134 18424-18540 Sentence denotes Ringer's lactate solution is often used to treat acidosis; the lactate must be metabolized to be effective, however.
TextSentencer_T135 18541-18665 Sentence denotes In the diarrheic calf, more lactate is present than can be metabolized as indicated by an increase in plasma lactate levels.
TextSentencer_T135 18541-18665 Sentence denotes In the diarrheic calf, more lactate is present than can be metabolized as indicated by an increase in plasma lactate levels.
TextSentencer_T136 18666-18739 Sentence denotes 6 In addition, half of the lactate in lactated solutions is the D-isomer.
TextSentencer_T136 18666-18739 Sentence denotes 6 In addition, half of the lactate in lactated solutions is the D-isomer.
TextSentencer_T137 18740-18794 Sentence denotes Only the L-isomer is normally metabolized in the body.
TextSentencer_T137 18740-18794 Sentence denotes Only the L-isomer is normally metabolized in the body.
TextSentencer_T138 18795-18854 Sentence denotes The D-isomer is poorly metabolized even by healthy animals.
TextSentencer_T138 18795-18854 Sentence denotes The D-isomer is poorly metabolized even by healthy animals.
TextSentencer_T139 18855-18948 Sentence denotes Thus, it is better if a lactate solution is not used for the treatment of the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T139 18855-18948 Sentence denotes Thus, it is better if a lactate solution is not used for the treatment of the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T140 18949-19038 Sentence denotes Based on existing data and clinical results, Ringer's bicarbonate is recommended instead.
TextSentencer_T140 18949-19038 Sentence denotes Based on existing data and clinical results, Ringer's bicarbonate is recommended instead.
TextSentencer_T141 19039-19142 Sentence denotes However, if Ringer's bicarbonate is not available, Ringer's lactate, acetate, or gluconate may be used.
TextSentencer_T141 19039-19142 Sentence denotes However, if Ringer's bicarbonate is not available, Ringer's lactate, acetate, or gluconate may be used.
TextSentencer_T142 19143-19201 Sentence denotes The following should be added to any of these fluids used:
TextSentencer_T142 19143-19201 Sentence denotes The following should be added to any of these fluids used:
TextSentencer_T143 19202-19445 Sentence denotes For the calf that is dehydrated 8 per cent or more (Table 1) , 20 mEq of potassium chloride, 50 mEq of sodium bicarbonate, and 120 ml of 50 per cent glucose or dextrose solution should be added to the first liter of fluids given intravenously.
TextSentencer_T143 19202-19445 Sentence denotes For the calf that is dehydrated 8 per cent or more (Table 1) , 20 mEq of potassium chloride, 50 mEq of sodium bicarbonate, and 120 ml of 50 per cent glucose or dextrose solution should be added to the first liter of fluids given intravenously.
TextSentencer_T144 19446-19730 Sentence denotes To any additional fluids given intravenously, to all fluids given subcutaneously, and for the calf that is less than 8 per cent dehydrated, 10 mEq of potassium chloride, 25 mEq of sodium bicarbonate, and 50 ml of 50 per cent glucose or dextrose solution should be added to each liter.
TextSentencer_T144 19446-19730 Sentence denotes To any additional fluids given intravenously, to all fluids given subcutaneously, and for the calf that is less than 8 per cent dehydrated, 10 mEq of potassium chloride, 25 mEq of sodium bicarbonate, and 50 ml of 50 per cent glucose or dextrose solution should be added to each liter.
TextSentencer_T145 19731-19906 Sentence denotes If Ringer's bicarbonate, acetate, gluconate, or lactate are not available, mix equal parts of a 5 per cent glucose solution either with isotonic saline or Ringer's . solution.
TextSentencer_T145 19731-19906 Sentence denotes If Ringer's bicarbonate, acetate, gluconate, or lactate are not available, mix equal parts of a 5 per cent glucose solution either with isotonic saline or Ringer's . solution.
TextSentencer_T146 19907-20065 Sentence denotes Then add the same amount of potassium chloride, 25 mEq per liter more sodium bicarbonate than that given in either case mentioned above, and omit the glucose.
TextSentencer_T146 19907-20065 Sentence denotes Then add the same amount of potassium chloride, 25 mEq per liter more sodium bicarbonate than that given in either case mentioned above, and omit the glucose.
TextSentencer_T147 20066-20249 Sentence denotes The easiest way to add the potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate is to inject the correct number of milliliters of a concentrated solution of these substances into the fluid used.
TextSentencer_T147 20066-20249 Sentence denotes The easiest way to add the potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate is to inject the correct number of milliliters of a concentrated solution of these substances into the fluid used.
TextSentencer_T148 20250-20381 Sentence denotes Ringer's lactate solutions often contain calcium, and therefore should be administered immediately after adding sodium bicarbonate.
TextSentencer_T148 20250-20381 Sentence denotes Ringer's lactate solutions often contain calcium, and therefore should be administered immediately after adding sodium bicarbonate.
TextSentencer_T149 20382-20471 Sentence denotes If this is not done, the calcium will combine with the bicarbonate to form a precipitate.
TextSentencer_T149 20382-20471 Sentence denotes If this is not done, the calcium will combine with the bicarbonate to form a precipitate.
TextSentencer_T150 20472-20531 Sentence denotes It takes two to three hours for the precipitate to be seen.
TextSentencer_T150 20472-20531 Sentence denotes It takes two to three hours for the precipitate to be seen.
TextSentencer_T151 20532-20648 Sentence denotes In the treatment of severe, acute diarrhea, orally administered antimicrobial drugs are often of questionable value.
TextSentencer_T151 20532-20648 Sentence denotes In the treatment of severe, acute diarrhea, orally administered antimicrobial drugs are often of questionable value.
TextSentencer_T152 20649-21005 Sentence denotes Controlled studies have failed to show benefit or harm from the oral administration of a number of different antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of acute undifferentiated diarrhea in the calf.8 In some bacterial cases of diarrhea, normal intestinal flora have been shown to be instrumental in clearing enteropathogenic organisms from the intestinal tract.
TextSentencer_T152 20649-21005 Sentence denotes Controlled studies have failed to show benefit or harm from the oral administration of a number of different antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of acute undifferentiated diarrhea in the calf.8 In some bacterial cases of diarrhea, normal intestinal flora have been shown to be instrumental in clearing enteropathogenic organisms from the intestinal tract.
TextSentencer_T153 21006-21134 Sentence denotes Therefore, antibacterial suppression of the normal flora may succeed only in prolonging the disease without affecting the signs.
TextSentencer_T153 21006-21134 Sentence denotes Therefore, antibacterial suppression of the normal flora may succeed only in prolonging the disease without affecting the signs.
TextSentencer_T154 21135-21244 Sentence denotes It is also difficult to determine to which antibacterial drug the actual enteropathogenic agent is sensitive.
TextSentencer_T154 21135-21244 Sentence denotes It is also difficult to determine to which antibacterial drug the actual enteropathogenic agent is sensitive.
TextSentencer_T155 21245-21424 Sentence denotes If the diarrhea is vir ally induced, as many are, none of the antibacterial agents is effective, but they may be effective against secondary opportunistic bacteria such asE. coli.
TextSentencer_T155 21245-21424 Sentence denotes If the diarrhea is vir ally induced, as many are, none of the antibacterial agents is effective, but they may be effective against secondary opportunistic bacteria such asE. coli.
TextSentencer_T156 21425-21567 Sentence denotes In vitro determinations of antibacterial sensitivities to fecal swabs may show little or no correlation to the actual sensitivity in the calf.
TextSentencer_T156 21425-21567 Sentence denotes In vitro determinations of antibacterial sensitivities to fecal swabs may show little or no correlation to the actual sensitivity in the calf.
TextSentencer_T157 21568-21749 Sentence denotes If the calf is still getting milk, tetracyclines will be bound to calcium, decreasing their effectiveness despite the fact that the causative agent may be sensitive to tetracycline.
TextSentencer_T157 21568-21749 Sentence denotes If the calf is still getting milk, tetracyclines will be bound to calcium, decreasing their effectiveness despite the fact that the causative agent may be sensitive to tetracycline.
TextSentencer_T158 21750-21892 Sentence denotes If given in conjunction with intestinal adsorbents, antimicrobial drugs may be bound to the adsorbent with subsequent decreased effectiveness.
TextSentencer_T158 21750-21892 Sentence denotes If given in conjunction with intestinal adsorbents, antimicrobial drugs may be bound to the adsorbent with subsequent decreased effectiveness.
TextSentencer_T159 21893-22050 Sentence denotes However, the clinical impressions of many have indicated that oral antibacterial drugs are of benefit in the treatment of acute, severe diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T159 21893-22050 Sentence denotes However, the clinical impressions of many have indicated that oral antibacterial drugs are of benefit in the treatment of acute, severe diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T160 22051-22205 Sentence denotes If used at all, they should be restricted to acute, severe cases, and they should be given only at the proper dosage for an interval of two to three days.
TextSentencer_T160 22051-22205 Sentence denotes If used at all, they should be restricted to acute, severe cases, and they should be given only at the proper dosage for an interval of two to three days.
TextSentencer_T161 22206-22385 Sentence denotes The antibacterials generally thought to be the most clinically beneficial in these cases in our area are the nitrofurans, gentami- cin, chloramphenicol, and polymyxin B (Fig. 1) .
TextSentencer_T161 22206-22385 Sentence denotes The antibacterials generally thought to be the most clinically beneficial in these cases in our area are the nitrofurans, gentami- cin, chloramphenicol, and polymyxin B (Fig. 1) .
TextSentencer_T162 22386-22675 Sentence denotes The dosages used are: nitrofurans (Enterfur*), two boluses initially, followed by one twice a day per calf; chloramphenicol, 100 mg per kg initially, followed by 50 mg per kg two to three times a day; gentamicin, 2 to 3 mg per kg twice a day; and polymyxin B, 4 to 6 mg per kg twice a day.
TextSentencer_T162 22386-22675 Sentence denotes The dosages used are: nitrofurans (Enterfur*), two boluses initially, followed by one twice a day per calf; chloramphenicol, 100 mg per kg initially, followed by 50 mg per kg two to three times a day; gentamicin, 2 to 3 mg per kg twice a day; and polymyxin B, 4 to 6 mg per kg twice a day.
TextSentencer_T163 22676-22855 Sentence denotes These drugs were the only ones found by the Kirby-Bauer technique to effectively inhibit in vitro the majority of E. coli isolated from 75 diarrheic calves over a two year period.
TextSentencer_T163 22676-22855 Sentence denotes These drugs were the only ones found by the Kirby-Bauer technique to effectively inhibit in vitro the majority of E. coli isolated from 75 diarrheic calves over a two year period.
TextSentencer_T164 22856-22959 Sentence denotes It must be remembered, however, that chloramphenicol is not approved for use in food-producing animals.
TextSentencer_T164 22856-22959 Sentence denotes It must be remembered, however, that chloramphenicol is not approved for use in food-producing animals.
TextSentencer_T165 22960-23156 Sentence denotes The nitrofurans are currently being carefully scrutinized by the Food and Drug Administration; they are suspected to be potential carcinogens and may be removed from the market in the near future.
TextSentencer_T165 22960-23156 Sentence denotes The nitrofurans are currently being carefully scrutinized by the Food and Drug Administration; they are suspected to be potential carcinogens and may be removed from the market in the near future.
TextSentencer_T166 23157-23241 Sentence denotes In addition, because of manufacturing problems, Enterfur is not presently available.
TextSentencer_T166 23157-23241 Sentence denotes In addition, because of manufacturing problems, Enterfur is not presently available.
TextSentencer_T167 23242-23329 Sentence denotes Gentamicin is approved for use . in food-producing animals, but is extremely expensive.
TextSentencer_T167 23242-23329 Sentence denotes Gentamicin is approved for use . in food-producing animals, but is extremely expensive.
TextSentencer_T168 23330-23503 Sentence denotes Regardless of whether antimicrobial drugs are given orally, for severe cases of diarrhea in the calf they are indicated systemically to prevent or treat respiratory disease.
TextSentencer_T168 23330-23503 Sentence denotes Regardless of whether antimicrobial drugs are given orally, for severe cases of diarrhea in the calf they are indicated systemically to prevent or treat respiratory disease.
TextSentencer_T169 23504-23587 Sentence denotes Pneumonia commonly occurs in conjunction with or secondary to diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T169 23504-23587 Sentence denotes Pneumonia commonly occurs in conjunction with or secondary to diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T170 23588-23815 Sentence denotes I n one study imohing 19 field cases of acute, severe diarrhea in which the calves were given extensive fluid therapy intravenously but were given no antibacterial drugs systemic-*Norden Labs, Lincoln , Nebraska. ally, 10 died.
TextSentencer_T170 23588-23815 Sentence denotes I n one study imohing 19 field cases of acute, severe diarrhea in which the calves were given extensive fluid therapy intravenously but were given no antibacterial drugs systemic-*Norden Labs, Lincoln , Nebraska. ally, 10 died.
TextSentencer_T171 23816-23969 Sentence denotes All deaths occurred after the diarrhea had resolved and when the calves were well hydrated with normal blood electrolytes, glucose, and acid-base values.
TextSentencer_T171 23816-23969 Sentence denotes All deaths occurred after the diarrhea had resolved and when the calves were well hydrated with normal blood electrolytes, glucose, and acid-base values.
TextSentencer_T172 23970-24065 Sentence denotes Based upon evaluation at necropsy, the death of each of these calves was a result of pneumonia.
TextSentencer_T172 23970-24065 Sentence denotes Based upon evaluation at necropsy, the death of each of these calves was a result of pneumonia.
TextSentencer_T173 24066-24249 Sentence denotes Systemic antimicrobial drugs may be given parenterally or, in the case of those such as chloramphenicol which are readily absorbed from the intestinal tract, they may be given orally.
TextSentencer_T173 24066-24249 Sentence denotes Systemic antimicrobial drugs may be given parenterally or, in the case of those such as chloramphenicol which are readily absorbed from the intestinal tract, they may be given orally.
TextSentencer_T174 24250-24328 Sentence denotes Nitrofurans and polymyxin B are poorly absorbed following oral administration.
TextSentencer_T174 24250-24328 Sentence denotes Nitrofurans and polymyxin B are poorly absorbed following oral administration.
TextSentencer_T175 24329-24386 Sentence denotes Systemic administration of nitrofuran is not recommended.
TextSentencer_T175 24329-24386 Sentence denotes Systemic administration of nitrofuran is not recommended.
TextSentencer_T176 24387-24530 Sentence denotes The best method of treatment for any disease for which prevention has failed is to correct the primary alteration which has caused the disease.
TextSentencer_T176 24387-24530 Sentence denotes The best method of treatment for any disease for which prevention has failed is to correct the primary alteration which has caused the disease.
TextSentencer_T177 24531-24601 Sentence denotes For diarrhea, this means the correction of the intestinal dysfunction.
TextSentencer_T177 24531-24601 Sentence denotes For diarrhea, this means the correction of the intestinal dysfunction.
TextSentencer_T178 24602-24741 Sentence denotes Currently, knowledge of the intestinal defects responsible for diarrhea is minimal, which makes rational treatment difficult or impossible.
TextSentencer_T178 24602-24741 Sentence denotes Currently, knowledge of the intestinal defects responsible for diarrhea is minimal, which makes rational treatment difficult or impossible.
TextSentencer_T179 24742-24876 Sentence denotes In addition, there have been few controlled trials of therapy to correct intestinal dysfunctions responsible for diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T179 24742-24876 Sentence denotes In addition, there have been few controlled trials of therapy to correct intestinal dysfunctions responsible for diarrhea in the calf.
TextSentencer_T180 24877-24918 Sentence denotes This includes the treatments given below.
TextSentencer_T180 24877-24918 Sentence denotes This includes the treatments given below.
TextSentencer_T181 24919-25020 Sentence denotes Intestinal protectants, such as kaolin and pectin products, are of doubtful value in severe diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T181 24919-25020 Sentence denotes Intestinal protectants, such as kaolin and pectin products, are of doubtful value in severe diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T182 25021-25089 Sentence denotes They have not been shown to alter losses of fluids and electrolytes.
TextSentencer_T182 25021-25089 Sentence denotes They have not been shown to alter losses of fluids and electrolytes.
TextSentencer_T183 25090-25215 Sentence denotes Although they may bind toxins and protect the mucosal wall, they have not been shown to be of any definitive benefit or harm.
TextSentencer_T183 25090-25215 Sentence denotes Although they may bind toxins and protect the mucosal wall, they have not been shown to be of any definitive benefit or harm.
TextSentencer_T184 25216-25311 Sentence denotes It is not known whether the drugs that alter intestinal motility are beneficial or detrimental.
TextSentencer_T184 25216-25311 Sentence denotes It is not known whether the drugs that alter intestinal motility are beneficial or detrimental.
TextSentencer_T185 25312-25401 Sentence denotes Anticholinergic agents decrease intestinal peristalsis, segmentation, and sphincter tone.
TextSentencer_T185 25312-25401 Sentence denotes Anticholinergic agents decrease intestinal peristalsis, segmentation, and sphincter tone.
TextSentencer_T186 25402-25566 Sentence denotes A decrease in all of these parameters may allow an increase in bacterial migration or multiplication of bacteria in the more cranial aspects of the small intestine.
TextSentencer_T186 25402-25566 Sentence denotes A decrease in all of these parameters may allow an increase in bacterial migration or multiplication of bacteria in the more cranial aspects of the small intestine.
TextSentencer_T187 25567-25954 Sentence denotes Although some of these organisms may not be pathogenic when restricted to the large intestine, in the small intestine they may produce a number of detrimental effects which will cause diarrhea.!' 3 In addition, a decrease in segmentation and sphincter tone allows a more rapid passage of fluid down the intestinal tract, particularly the colon, which could worsen diarrheal fluid losses.
TextSentencer_T187 25567-25954 Sentence denotes Although some of these organisms may not be pathogenic when restricted to the large intestine, in the small intestine they may produce a number of detrimental effects which will cause diarrhea.!' 3 In addition, a decrease in segmentation and sphincter tone allows a more rapid passage of fluid down the intestinal tract, particularly the colon, which could worsen diarrheal fluid losses.
TextSentencer_T188 25955-26050 Sentence denotes For these reasons, anticholinergics are not recommended in the treatment of the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T188 25955-26050 Sentence denotes For these reasons, anticholinergics are not recommended in the treatment of the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T189 26051-26121 Sentence denotes Narcotic analgesics such as paragoric may, in contrast, be beneficial.
TextSentencer_T189 26051-26121 Sentence denotes Narcotic analgesics such as paragoric may, in contrast, be beneficial.
TextSentencer_T190 26122-26265 Sentence denotes These drugs decrease peristalsis and stimulate segmentation and sphincter tone which increase resistance to the flow of ingesta down the tract.
TextSentencer_T190 26122-26265 Sentence denotes These drugs decrease peristalsis and stimulate segmentation and sphincter tone which increase resistance to the flow of ingesta down the tract.
TextSentencer_T191 26266-26347 Sentence denotes These effects may decrease diarrheal fluid losses and aboral bacterial migration.
TextSentencer_T191 26266-26347 Sentence denotes These effects may decrease diarrheal fluid losses and aboral bacterial migration.
TextSentencer_T192 26348-26454 Sentence denotes However, these beneficial effects from narcotic analgesics have not been documented in the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T192 26348-26454 Sentence denotes However, these beneficial effects from narcotic analgesics have not been documented in the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T193 26455-26582 Sentence denotes Anticholinergics decrease intestinal secretion, an action that would be expected to be of benefit in the treatment of diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T193 26455-26582 Sentence denotes Anticholinergics decrease intestinal secretion, an action that would be expected to be of benefit in the treatment of diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T194 26583-26670 Sentence denotes Howev.er, because of their effect on intestinal motility, their use is not recommended.
TextSentencer_T194 26583-26670 Sentence denotes Howev.er, because of their effect on intestinal motility, their use is not recommended.
TextSentencer_T195 26671-26883 Sentence denotes Salicylates, such as are contained in Pepto Bismol and aspirin, may be beneficial in diarrheal diseases associated withE. coli or Clostridium perfringens, whether these organisms are primary or secondary factors.
TextSentencer_T195 26671-26883 Sentence denotes Salicylates, such as are contained in Pepto Bismol and aspirin, may be beneficial in diarrheal diseases associated withE. coli or Clostridium perfringens, whether these organisms are primary or secondary factors.
TextSentencer_T196 26884-27008 Sentence denotes These organisms induce diarrhea by secreting an enterotoxin which stimulates secretion from the intestinal epithelial cells.
TextSentencer_T196 26884-27008 Sentence denotes These organisms induce diarrhea by secreting an enterotoxin which stimulates secretion from the intestinal epithelial cells.
TextSentencer_T197 27009-27136 Sentence denotes Salicylates inhibit prostaglandin synthesis which decreases enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes.
TextSentencer_T197 27009-27136 Sentence denotes Salicylates inhibit prostaglandin synthesis which decreases enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes.
TextSentencer_T198 27137-27247 Sentence denotes However, the role of prostaglandins, if any, in bacterial or virus-induced diarrhea is not known at this time.
TextSentencer_T198 27137-27247 Sentence denotes However, the role of prostaglandins, if any, in bacterial or virus-induced diarrhea is not known at this time.
TextSentencer_T199 27248-27497 Sentence denotes In the rabbit, Pepto Bismol has been shown to bind Vibrio cholerae and E. coli enterotoxins which were not previously bound to the intestinal wall, and to decrease intestinal secretion stimulated by these toxins by 91 and 78 per cent, respectively.4
TextSentencer_T199 27248-27497 Sentence denotes In the rabbit, Pepto Bismol has been shown to bind Vibrio cholerae and E. coli enterotoxins which were not previously bound to the intestinal wall, and to decrease intestinal secretion stimulated by these toxins by 91 and 78 per cent, respectively.4
TextSentencer_T200 27498-27607 Sentence denotes There is no indication for the use of either corticosteroids or anti histamines in the treatment of diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T200 27498-27607 Sentence denotes There is no indication for the use of either corticosteroids or anti histamines in the treatment of diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T201 27608-27711 Sentence denotes The diarrheic calf already has an increased circulating level of endogenously produced corticosteroids.
TextSentencer_T201 27608-27711 Sentence denotes The diarrheic calf already has an increased circulating level of endogenously produced corticosteroids.
TextSentencer_T202 27712-27807 Sentence denotes 6 Supplementation of this natural level of corticosteroids has not been shown to be of benefit.
TextSentencer_T202 27712-27807 Sentence denotes 6 Supplementation of this natural level of corticosteroids has not been shown to be of benefit.
TextSentencer_T203 27808-27971 Sentence denotes Massive doses of corticosteroids (5 mg per kg of dexamethasone) have been shown to be beneficial when given early in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock in the dog.
TextSentencer_T203 27808-27971 Sentence denotes Massive doses of corticosteroids (5 mg per kg of dexamethasone) have been shown to be beneficial when given early in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock in the dog.
TextSentencer_T204 27972-28089 Sentence denotes 5 In addition, prolonged glucocorticoid therapy is beneficial in endotoxic shock, which can be a sequela of diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T204 27972-28089 Sentence denotes 5 In addition, prolonged glucocorticoid therapy is beneficial in endotoxic shock, which can be a sequela of diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T205 28090-28244 Sentence denotes However, a more beneficial response may be obtained from the diarrheic calf in h ypovolemic shock by correcting the hypovolemia with proper fluid therapy.
TextSentencer_T205 28090-28244 Sentence denotes However, a more beneficial response may be obtained from the diarrheic calf in h ypovolemic shock by correcting the hypovolemia with proper fluid therapy.
TextSentencer_T206 28245-28422 Sentence denotes Therefore, corticosteroids, as well as drugs such as antihistamines and stimulants, are of doubtful value and are not recommended in the general treatment of the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T206 28245-28422 Sentence denotes Therefore, corticosteroids, as well as drugs such as antihistamines and stimulants, are of doubtful value and are not recommended in the general treatment of the diarrheic calf.
TextSentencer_T207 28423-28547 Sentence denotes Regardless of all other treatments given the diarrheic calf, the most important aspects are fluid therapy, care, and timing.
TextSentencer_T207 28423-28547 Sentence denotes Regardless of all other treatments given the diarrheic calf, the most important aspects are fluid therapy, care, and timing.
TextSentencer_T208 28548-28683 Sentence denotes The earlier in the course of the disease that treatment is initiated, the less therapy required and the greater the chance of recovery.
TextSentencer_T208 28548-28683 Sentence denotes The earlier in the course of the disease that treatment is initiated, the less therapy required and the greater the chance of recovery.
TextSentencer_T209 28684-28865 Sentence denotes Treatment is not usually indicated in the lively, nursing calf with a loose, pasty stool unless prior experience in that herd indicates that this may lead to a more severe diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T209 28684-28865 Sentence denotes Treatment is not usually indicated in the lively, nursing calf with a loose, pasty stool unless prior experience in that herd indicates that this may lead to a more severe diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T210 28866-29008 Sentence denotes Watery, voluminous feces, however, indicate the need for immediate therapy, even if the calf is not dehydrated, appears alert, and is nursing.
TextSentencer_T210 28866-29008 Sentence denotes Watery, voluminous feces, however, indicate the need for immediate therapy, even if the calf is not dehydrated, appears alert, and is nursing.
TextSentencer_T211 29009-29151 Sentence denotes The calf generally will not become depressed or decrease its food intake until the state of dehydration is greater than 8 per cent (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T211 29009-29151 Sentence denotes The calf generally will not become depressed or decrease its food intake until the state of dehydration is greater than 8 per cent (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T212 29152-29249 Sentence denotes Do not allow this to occur, since treatment becomes much more extensive with progressive disease.
TextSentencer_T212 29152-29249 Sentence denotes Do not allow this to occur, since treatment becomes much more extensive with progressive disease.
TextSentencer_T213 29250-29319 Sentence denotes The owner should begin giving oral fluids as soon as diarrhea occurs.
TextSentencer_T213 29250-29319 Sentence denotes The owner should begin giving oral fluids as soon as diarrhea occurs.
TextSentencer_T214 29320-29531 Sentence denotes However, it should be emphasized that if the rate of absorption of oral fluids does not compensate for the rate ofloss of fluids from diarrhea, fluids must be given either subcutaneously, intravenously, or both.
TextSentencer_T214 29320-29531 Sentence denotes However, it should be emphasized that if the rate of absorption of oral fluids does not compensate for the rate ofloss of fluids from diarrhea, fluids must be given either subcutaneously, intravenously, or both.
TextSentencer_T215 29532-29630 Sentence denotes The calf should not be allowed to become severely dehydrated before fluids are given parenterally.
TextSentencer_T215 29532-29630 Sentence denotes The calf should not be allowed to become severely dehydrated before fluids are given parenterally.
TextSentencer_T216 29631-29693 Sentence denotes In addition to fluid therapy, tender loving care is indicated.
TextSentencer_T216 29631-29693 Sentence denotes In addition to fluid therapy, tender loving care is indicated.
TextSentencer_T217 29694-29734 Sentence denotes Make sure that the calf is dry and warm.
TextSentencer_T217 29694-29734 Sentence denotes Make sure that the calf is dry and warm.
TextSentencer_T218 29735-29780 Sentence denotes A heat lamp or electric blanket works nicely.
TextSentencer_T218 29735-29780 Sentence denotes A heat lamp or electric blanket works nicely.
TextSentencer_T219 29781-29842 Sentence denotes Also, do remember to consider the recumbent side of the calf.
TextSentencer_T219 29781-29842 Sentence denotes Also, do remember to consider the recumbent side of the calf.
TextSentencer_T220 29843-29927 Sentence denotes Extensive loss of heat may occur as a result of an uninsulated cold floor or ground.
TextSentencer_T220 29843-29927 Sentence denotes Extensive loss of heat may occur as a result of an uninsulated cold floor or ground.
TextSentencer_T221 29928-29970 Sentence denotes Bare concrete is particularly detrimental.
TextSentencer_T221 29928-29970 Sentence denotes Bare concrete is particularly detrimental.
TextSentencer_T222 29971-30204 Sentence denotes Plenty of bedding should be placed underneath the calf or, preferably, something such as an electrically warmed pad similar to that used for baby pigs.* Following recovery, care must be taken to ensure that the calf does not overeat.
TextSentencer_T222 29971-30204 Sentence denotes Plenty of bedding should be placed underneath the calf or, preferably, something such as an electrically warmed pad similar to that used for baby pigs.* Following recovery, care must be taken to ensure that the calf does not overeat.
TextSentencer_T223 30205-30296 Sentence denotes If the calf is with the cow or will be returned to her, the cow should be milked out first.
TextSentencer_T223 30205-30296 Sentence denotes If the calf is with the cow or will be returned to her, the cow should be milked out first.
TextSentencer_T224 30297-30436 Sentence denotes If this is not possible, the calf should be given several liters of the oral replacement fluid just prior to returning the calf to the cow.
TextSentencer_T224 30297-30436 Sentence denotes If this is not possible, the calf should be given several liters of the oral replacement fluid just prior to returning the calf to the cow.
TextSentencer_T225 30437-30602 Sentence denotes If this is not done, frequently the calf will ingest a large quantity of milk which may result either in a relapse or in sudden death from septicemia or endotoxemia.
TextSentencer_T225 30437-30602 Sentence denotes If this is not done, frequently the calf will ingest a large quantity of milk which may result either in a relapse or in sudden death from septicemia or endotoxemia.
TextSentencer_T226 30603-30727 Sentence denotes If the calfis to be fed by hand, dilute the milk by half with water or oral replacement fluid for the first one to two days.
TextSentencer_T226 30603-30727 Sentence denotes If the calfis to be fed by hand, dilute the milk by half with water or oral replacement fluid for the first one to two days.
TextSentencer_T227 30728-30808 Sentence denotes Many calves are lost as a result of diarrhea during the first few weeks of life.
TextSentencer_T227 30728-30808 Sentence denotes Many calves are lost as a result of diarrhea during the first few weeks of life.
TextSentencer_T228 30809-30847 Sentence denotes Prevention is the most important goal.
TextSentencer_T228 30809-30847 Sentence denotes Prevention is the most important goal.
TextSentencer_T229 30848-30917 Sentence denotes When prevention fails, proper therapy will save many affected calves.
TextSentencer_T229 30848-30917 Sentence denotes When prevention fails, proper therapy will save many affected calves.
TextSentencer_T230 30918-31091 Sentence denotes The most important aspects of therapy are the administration of fluids to replace the extensive losses of water and electrolytes which have occurred, and tender loving care.
TextSentencer_T230 30918-31091 Sentence denotes The most important aspects of therapy are the administration of fluids to replace the extensive losses of water and electrolytes which have occurred, and tender loving care.
TextSentencer_T231 31092-31148 Sentence denotes If treatment is begun early, fluids may be given orally.
TextSentencer_T231 31092-31148 Sentence denotes If treatment is begun early, fluids may be given orally.
TextSentencer_T232 31149-31263 Sentence denotes This reduces the need for more intensive therapy that must be administered either subcutaneously or intravenously.
TextSentencer_T232 31149-31263 Sentence denotes This reduces the need for more intensive therapy that must be administered either subcutaneously or intravenously.
TextSentencer_T233 31264-31477 Sentence denotes Although oral antimicrobial drugs are *Protein Plus Labs, Box 190, Colfax, Illinois; or Osborne Industry Inc. , Box 294, Osborne, Kansas. often given, there is little evidence to indicate that they are of benefit.
TextSentencer_T233 31264-31477 Sentence denotes Although oral antimicrobial drugs are *Protein Plus Labs, Box 190, Colfax, Illinois; or Osborne Industry Inc. , Box 294, Osborne, Kansas. often given, there is little evidence to indicate that they are of benefit.
TextSentencer_T234 31478-31605 Sentence denotes However, systemic antimicrobial drugs are recommended in all severe cases of diarrhea to treat or prevent respiratory diseases.
TextSentencer_T234 31478-31605 Sentence denotes However, systemic antimicrobial drugs are recommended in all severe cases of diarrhea to treat or prevent respiratory diseases.
TextSentencer_T235 31606-31697 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids, antihistamines, stimulants, and anticholinergic drugs are not recommended.
TextSentencer_T235 31606-31697 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids, antihistamines, stimulants, and anticholinergic drugs are not recommended.