CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:023bc09bf4c0ac2b5663d36478631b1e30fc9372 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-10 Sentence denotes Section I:
TextSentencer_T1 0-10 Sentence denotes Section I:
TextSentencer_T2 11-33 Sentence denotes General Considerations
TextSentencer_T2 11-33 Sentence denotes General Considerations
TextSentencer_T3 35-43 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 35-43 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T4 46-185 Sentence denotes encourage and educate potential breeders on their responsibility to choose healthy, quality bitches and queens for their breeding programs.
TextSentencer_T4 46-185 Sentence denotes encourage and educate potential breeders on their responsibility to choose healthy, quality bitches and queens for their breeding programs.
TextSentencer_T5 186-290 Sentence denotes Breeding dogs or cats involves tremendous commitment of time, space, knowledge, and financial resources.
TextSentencer_T5 186-290 Sentence denotes Breeding dogs or cats involves tremendous commitment of time, space, knowledge, and financial resources.
TextSentencer_T6 291-538 Sentence denotes The practitioner should counsel prospective breeders regarding the ethical considerations involved in breeding, including the difficulty in placing puppies and kittens in permanent homes and the responsibility incurred in creating these new lives.
TextSentencer_T6 291-538 Sentence denotes The practitioner should counsel prospective breeders regarding the ethical considerations involved in breeding, including the difficulty in placing puppies and kittens in permanent homes and the responsibility incurred in creating these new lives.
TextSentencer_T7 539-717 Sentence denotes Bitches selected for breeding should be mature enough to have genetic clearances for their appropriate breed and young enough to produce reasonable litter size and survivability.
TextSentencer_T7 539-717 Sentence denotes Bitches selected for breeding should be mature enough to have genetic clearances for their appropriate breed and young enough to produce reasonable litter size and survivability.
TextSentencer_T8 718-793 Sentence denotes A bitch is at her peak reproductive potential between 2 and 4 years of age.
TextSentencer_T8 718-793 Sentence denotes A bitch is at her peak reproductive potential between 2 and 4 years of age.
TextSentencer_T9 794-915 Sentence denotes In at least one study of beagle bitches, conception failure occurred in more than 50% of bitches 5 years of age or older.
TextSentencer_T9 794-915 Sentence denotes In at least one study of beagle bitches, conception failure occurred in more than 50% of bitches 5 years of age or older.
TextSentencer_T10 916-1044 Sentence denotes Similarly, the risk of dystocia increases, neonatal mortality increases, and litter size decreases with increasing maternal age.
TextSentencer_T10 916-1044 Sentence denotes Similarly, the risk of dystocia increases, neonatal mortality increases, and litter size decreases with increasing maternal age.
TextSentencer_T11 1045-1145 Sentence denotes Average litter size is known for most purebred breeds, with average neonatal losses approaching 30%.
TextSentencer_T11 1045-1145 Sentence denotes Average litter size is known for most purebred breeds, with average neonatal losses approaching 30%.
TextSentencer_T12 1146-1244 Sentence denotes The bitch should be presented to the clinician during proestrus of the anticipated breeding cycle.
TextSentencer_T12 1146-1244 Sentence denotes The bitch should be presented to the clinician during proestrus of the anticipated breeding cycle.
TextSentencer_T13 1245-1411 Sentence denotes A complete physical examination should include a rectal examination to evaluate the bony pelvis and a digital vaginal examination to detect any vaginal abnormalities.
TextSentencer_T13 1245-1411 Sentence denotes A complete physical examination should include a rectal examination to evaluate the bony pelvis and a digital vaginal examination to detect any vaginal abnormalities.
TextSentencer_T14 1412-1492 Sentence denotes Brucella canis serology using the rapid-slide agglutination test should be done.
TextSentencer_T14 1412-1492 Sentence denotes Brucella canis serology using the rapid-slide agglutination test should be done.
TextSentencer_T15 1493-1619 Sentence denotes An in-house test is available (D-Tec CB, Synbiotics; www.synbiotics. com); this test has high sensitivity and low specificity.
TextSentencer_T15 1493-1619 Sentence denotes An in-house test is available (D-Tec CB, Synbiotics; www.synbiotics. com); this test has high sensitivity and low specificity.
TextSentencer_T16 1620-1758 Sentence denotes Any positive result requires additional testing and should cause a delay in breeding during the cycle in which test results are confirmed.
TextSentencer_T16 1620-1758 Sentence denotes Any positive result requires additional testing and should cause a delay in breeding during the cycle in which test results are confirmed.
TextSentencer_T17 1759-1892 Sentence denotes Regardless of previous breeding history, all bitches should be evaluated because the disease is spread orally, as well as venereally.
TextSentencer_T17 1759-1892 Sentence denotes Regardless of previous breeding history, all bitches should be evaluated because the disease is spread orally, as well as venereally.
TextSentencer_T18 1893-2113 Sentence denotes Serologic testing for canine herpes virus should be performed on virgin bitches or in Prenatal care for bitches and queens should begin with the selection of the most desirable members of a potential breeding population.
TextSentencer_T18 1893-2113 Sentence denotes Serologic testing for canine herpes virus should be performed on virgin bitches or in Prenatal care for bitches and queens should begin with the selection of the most desirable members of a potential breeding population.
TextSentencer_T19 2114-2280 Sentence denotes The resources of the important registration bodies and the available databases for evaluation of inherited genetic diseases should be used to select desirable traits.
TextSentencer_T19 2114-2280 Sentence denotes The resources of the important registration bodies and the available databases for evaluation of inherited genetic diseases should be used to select desirable traits.
TextSentencer_T20 2281-2430 Sentence denotes Information is available from the American Kennel Club (AKC), the Cat Fanciers' Association, the United Kennel Club, and many individual breed clubs.
TextSentencer_T20 2281-2430 Sentence denotes Information is available from the American Kennel Club (AKC), the Cat Fanciers' Association, the United Kennel Club, and many individual breed clubs.
TextSentencer_T21 2431-2529 Sentence denotes The most significant health database is maintained by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA).
TextSentencer_T21 2431-2529 Sentence denotes The most significant health database is maintained by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA).
TextSentencer_T22 2530-2727 Sentence denotes The OFA is a private nonprofit foundation that serves as a central source of information for breeders and owners based on the standards for evaluation established by the experts in each discipline.
TextSentencer_T22 2530-2727 Sentence denotes The OFA is a private nonprofit foundation that serves as a central source of information for breeders and owners based on the standards for evaluation established by the experts in each discipline.
TextSentencer_T23 2728-2839 Sentence denotes The Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) is a joint venture of the OFA and the AKC Canine Health Foundation.
TextSentencer_T23 2728-2839 Sentence denotes The Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) is a joint venture of the OFA and the AKC Canine Health Foundation.
TextSentencer_T24 2840-2953 Sentence denotes The focus of CHIC is health consciousness; this focus allows breeders to manage breed-specific genetic disorders.
TextSentencer_T24 2840-2953 Sentence denotes The focus of CHIC is health consciousness; this focus allows breeders to manage breed-specific genetic disorders.
TextSentencer_T25 2954-3066 Sentence denotes The criteria for acceptance into the CHIC program are established by each of the parent clubs that are involved.
TextSentencer_T25 2954-3066 Sentence denotes The criteria for acceptance into the CHIC program are established by each of the parent clubs that are involved.
TextSentencer_T26 3067-3169 Sentence denotes Participation in any health database is voluntary but should be encouraged by practitioners (Box 1-1).
TextSentencer_T26 3067-3169 Sentence denotes Participation in any health database is voluntary but should be encouraged by practitioners (Box 1-1).
TextSentencer_T27 3170-3318 Sentence denotes More than 400 genetic diseases have been recognized in the dog, and genetic diseases are responsible for 25% of all disease problems affecting dogs.
TextSentencer_T27 3170-3318 Sentence denotes More than 400 genetic diseases have been recognized in the dog, and genetic diseases are responsible for 25% of all disease problems affecting dogs.
TextSentencer_T28 3319-3451 Sentence denotes With the exception of inherited renal dysplasia, all of the most commonly diagnosed inherited diseases are seen in mixed breed dogs.
TextSentencer_T28 3319-3451 Sentence denotes With the exception of inherited renal dysplasia, all of the most commonly diagnosed inherited diseases are seen in mixed breed dogs.
TextSentencer_T29 3452-3533 Sentence denotes Designer dogs have the same prevalence of genetic disease as the purebred breeds.
TextSentencer_T29 3452-3533 Sentence denotes Designer dogs have the same prevalence of genetic disease as the purebred breeds.
TextSentencer_T30 3534-3748 Sentence denotes Responsible breeders of dogs and cats, as well as the respected breed registries, make great effort to improve the genetic health of their breeding animals and thus decrease the risk of avoidable inherited disease.
TextSentencer_T30 3534-3748 Sentence denotes Responsible breeders of dogs and cats, as well as the respected breed registries, make great effort to improve the genetic health of their breeding animals and thus decrease the risk of avoidable inherited disease.
TextSentencer_T31 3749-4014 Sentence denotes The various competitive venues available to breeders, such as conformation shows for cats and conformation shows, obedience competitions, agility competitions, hunting tests, and field trials for dogs, offer layers of selection in the choice of reproducing animals.
TextSentencer_T31 3749-4014 Sentence denotes The various competitive venues available to breeders, such as conformation shows for cats and conformation shows, obedience competitions, agility competitions, hunting tests, and field trials for dogs, offer layers of selection in the choice of reproducing animals.
TextSentencer_T32 4015-4145 Sentence denotes Certainly, not every bitch or queen is worthy of reproduction and the practitioner should bitches with a previously negative test.
TextSentencer_T32 4015-4145 Sentence denotes Certainly, not every bitch or queen is worthy of reproduction and the practitioner should bitches with a previously negative test.
TextSentencer_T33 4146-4230 Sentence denotes If the bitch has a negative titer, she must be protected from exposure to the virus.
TextSentencer_T33 4146-4230 Sentence denotes If the bitch has a negative titer, she must be protected from exposure to the virus.
TextSentencer_T34 4231-4311 Sentence denotes More detailed information pertaining to herpes virus can be found in Chapter 16.
TextSentencer_T34 4231-4311 Sentence denotes More detailed information pertaining to herpes virus can be found in Chapter 16.
TextSentencer_T35 4312-4417 Sentence denotes Isolation from other canids for 3 weeks before whelping to 3 weeks after whelping should prevent disease.
TextSentencer_T35 4312-4417 Sentence denotes Isolation from other canids for 3 weeks before whelping to 3 weeks after whelping should prevent disease.
TextSentencer_T36 4418-4469 Sentence denotes There is no vaccine available in the United States.
TextSentencer_T36 4418-4469 Sentence denotes There is no vaccine available in the United States.
TextSentencer_T37 4470-4557 Sentence denotes Vaginal cytology should be obtained and stained to assess the epithelial cells present.
TextSentencer_T37 4470-4557 Sentence denotes Vaginal cytology should be obtained and stained to assess the epithelial cells present.
TextSentencer_T38 4558-4678 Sentence denotes The bitch should either have her vaccinations brought up to date or have titers performed to assess her antibody levels.
TextSentencer_T38 4558-4678 Sentence denotes The bitch should either have her vaccinations brought up to date or have titers performed to assess her antibody levels.
TextSentencer_T39 4679-4798 Sentence denotes The bitch should be well protected against canine distemper and canine parvovirus to maximize maternal antibody levels.
TextSentencer_T39 4679-4798 Sentence denotes The bitch should be well protected against canine distemper and canine parvovirus to maximize maternal antibody levels.
TextSentencer_T40 4799-4843 Sentence denotes The bitch has an endotheliochorial placenta.
TextSentencer_T40 4799-4843 Sentence denotes The bitch has an endotheliochorial placenta.
TextSentencer_T41 4844-4931 Sentence denotes Puppies depend on mammary transfer of antibodies because placental transfer is minimal.
TextSentencer_T41 4844-4931 Sentence denotes Puppies depend on mammary transfer of antibodies because placental transfer is minimal.
TextSentencer_T42 4932-5073 Sentence denotes With normal ingestion and absorption of colostrum, the antibody level of the puppy will approximate 95% of the dam's measured antibody level.
TextSentencer_T42 4932-5073 Sentence denotes With normal ingestion and absorption of colostrum, the antibody level of the puppy will approximate 95% of the dam's measured antibody level.
TextSentencer_T43 5074-5202 Sentence denotes Gut permeability to immunoglobulins begins to decline within 8 hours after birth and is no longer possible after 48 to 72 hours.
TextSentencer_T43 5074-5202 Sentence denotes Gut permeability to immunoglobulins begins to decline within 8 hours after birth and is no longer possible after 48 to 72 hours.
TextSentencer_T44 5203-5315 Sentence denotes The bitch should have baseline laboratory tests performed to assess her suitability for pregnancy and lactation.
TextSentencer_T44 5203-5315 Sentence denotes The bitch should have baseline laboratory tests performed to assess her suitability for pregnancy and lactation.
TextSentencer_T45 5316-5437 Sentence denotes A bitch with total plasma protein levels of less than 5.0 gm/dl is unlikely to whelp a litter of strong, healthy puppies.
TextSentencer_T45 5316-5437 Sentence denotes A bitch with total plasma protein levels of less than 5.0 gm/dl is unlikely to whelp a litter of strong, healthy puppies.
TextSentencer_T46 5438-5525 Sentence denotes Bitches with significant renal or hepatic dysfunction are not successful brood bitches.
TextSentencer_T46 5438-5525 Sentence denotes Bitches with significant renal or hepatic dysfunction are not successful brood bitches.
TextSentencer_T47 5526-5662 Sentence denotes If the bitch has a history of infertility or pregnancy loss, a vaginal culture should be performed during the first 5 days of proestrus.
TextSentencer_T47 5526-5662 Sentence denotes If the bitch has a history of infertility or pregnancy loss, a vaginal culture should be performed during the first 5 days of proestrus.
TextSentencer_T48 5663-5829 Sentence denotes Although the value of vaginal cultures is controversial, most clinicians consider a pure culture in significant numbers of a known pathogen to be worthy of treatment.
TextSentencer_T48 5663-5829 Sentence denotes Although the value of vaginal cultures is controversial, most clinicians consider a pure culture in significant numbers of a known pathogen to be worthy of treatment.
TextSentencer_T49 5830-5963 Sentence denotes The vaginal culture should be interpreted within the context of patient history, physical examination findings, and vaginal cytology.
TextSentencer_T49 5830-5963 Sentence denotes The vaginal culture should be interpreted within the context of patient history, physical examination findings, and vaginal cytology.
TextSentencer_T50 5964-6029 Sentence denotes Both B. canis and Salmonella sp. are always considered pathogens.
TextSentencer_T50 5964-6029 Sentence denotes Both B. canis and Salmonella sp. are always considered pathogens.
TextSentencer_T51 6030-6091 Sentence denotes B. canis is rarely treated in any kennel or colony situation.
TextSentencer_T51 6030-6091 Sentence denotes B. canis is rarely treated in any kennel or colony situation.
TextSentencer_T52 6092-6240 Sentence denotes In kennel situations, B. canis is managed in a test and cull manner because it is highly contagious and nearly impossible to eradicate with therapy.
TextSentencer_T52 6092-6240 Sentence denotes In kennel situations, B. canis is managed in a test and cull manner because it is highly contagious and nearly impossible to eradicate with therapy.
TextSentencer_T53 6241-6337 Sentence denotes Antibiotic choice and duration of treatment should be based on safety and efficacy in pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T53 6241-6337 Sentence denotes Antibiotic choice and duration of treatment should be based on safety and efficacy in pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T54 6338-6464 Sentence denotes Bitches that have sustained pregnancy loss may be monitored weekly for hypoluteoidism, which is a poorly documented condition.
TextSentencer_T54 6338-6464 Sentence denotes Bitches that have sustained pregnancy loss may be monitored weekly for hypoluteoidism, which is a poorly documented condition.
TextSentencer_T55 6465-6602 Sentence denotes BOX 1-2 Prevention of neonatal isoerythrolysis in the feline During normal pregnancy, progesterone reaches peak levels of 15 to 90 ng/ml.
TextSentencer_T55 6465-6602 Sentence denotes BOX 1-2 Prevention of neonatal isoerythrolysis in the feline During normal pregnancy, progesterone reaches peak levels of 15 to 90 ng/ml.
TextSentencer_T56 6603-6731 Sentence denotes During the last trimester of pregnancy, progesterone decreases until it drops below 2 ng/ml approximately 1 day before whelping.
TextSentencer_T56 6603-6731 Sentence denotes During the last trimester of pregnancy, progesterone decreases until it drops below 2 ng/ml approximately 1 day before whelping.
TextSentencer_T57 6732-6825 Sentence denotes A progesterone level above 2 ng/ml is required for the maintenance of pregnancy in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T57 6732-6825 Sentence denotes A progesterone level above 2 ng/ml is required for the maintenance of pregnancy in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T58 6826-6927 Sentence denotes If the progesterone drops to 10 ng/ml, frequent monitoring of the progesterone levels is recommended.
TextSentencer_T58 6826-6927 Sentence denotes If the progesterone drops to 10 ng/ml, frequent monitoring of the progesterone levels is recommended.
TextSentencer_T59 6928-7030 Sentence denotes Progesterone values of 5 ng/ml may warrant intervention with an exogenous progestogen supplementation.
TextSentencer_T59 6928-7030 Sentence denotes Progesterone values of 5 ng/ml may warrant intervention with an exogenous progestogen supplementation.
TextSentencer_T60 7031-7233 Sentence denotes Exogenous progestogen administration is an extralabel use of any of the available preparations and should always be accompanied by careful client education and a signed release form outlining the risks.
TextSentencer_T60 7031-7233 Sentence denotes Exogenous progestogen administration is an extralabel use of any of the available preparations and should always be accompanied by careful client education and a signed release form outlining the risks.
TextSentencer_T61 7234-7308 Sentence denotes Prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) are also luteotrophic in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T61 7234-7308 Sentence denotes Prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) are also luteotrophic in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T62 7309-7359 Sentence denotes The queen should also be examined before breeding.
TextSentencer_T62 7309-7359 Sentence denotes The queen should also be examined before breeding.
TextSentencer_T63 7360-7511 Sentence denotes When presented, the queen should have a complete physical examination, including baseline laboratory work, and a fecal examination should be performed.
TextSentencer_T63 7360-7511 Sentence denotes When presented, the queen should have a complete physical examination, including baseline laboratory work, and a fecal examination should be performed.
TextSentencer_T64 7512-7613 Sentence denotes Serology for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) should be obtained.
TextSentencer_T64 7512-7613 Sentence denotes Serology for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) should be obtained.
TextSentencer_T65 7614-7693 Sentence denotes Only queens testing negative for these two viruses should be used for breeding.
TextSentencer_T65 7614-7693 Sentence denotes Only queens testing negative for these two viruses should be used for breeding.
TextSentencer_T66 7694-7743 Sentence denotes Neonatal isoerythrolysis occurs in purebred cats.
TextSentencer_T66 7694-7743 Sentence denotes Neonatal isoerythrolysis occurs in purebred cats.
TextSentencer_T67 7744-7861 Sentence denotes This condition may be avoided by blood typing the queen and breeding to a tom of an appropriate blood type (Box 1-2).
TextSentencer_T67 7744-7861 Sentence denotes This condition may be avoided by blood typing the queen and breeding to a tom of an appropriate blood type (Box 1-2).
TextSentencer_T68 7862-7914 Sentence denotes The blood types of domestic felids are A, B, and AB.
TextSentencer_T68 7862-7914 Sentence denotes The blood types of domestic felids are A, B, and AB.
TextSentencer_T69 7915-8031 Sentence denotes The breeds with the highest frequency of type B blood are the British Shorthair, the Devon Rex, and the Cornish Rex.
TextSentencer_T69 7915-8031 Sentence denotes The breeds with the highest frequency of type B blood are the British Shorthair, the Devon Rex, and the Cornish Rex.
TextSentencer_T70 8032-8132 Sentence denotes Cats are unusual in that unlike dogs, they have naturally occurring antibodies to other blood types.
TextSentencer_T70 8032-8132 Sentence denotes Cats are unusual in that unlike dogs, they have naturally occurring antibodies to other blood types.
TextSentencer_T71 8133-8289 Sentence denotes The A allele (A) is dominant to the B (B) allele so only the cats with homozygous recessive condition (BB) express the type B antigen on their erythrocytes.
TextSentencer_T71 8133-8289 Sentence denotes The A allele (A) is dominant to the B (B) allele so only the cats with homozygous recessive condition (BB) express the type B antigen on their erythrocytes.
TextSentencer_T72 8290-8346 Sentence denotes Type A cats are either homozygous AA or heterozygous AB.
TextSentencer_T72 8290-8346 Sentence denotes Type A cats are either homozygous AA or heterozygous AB.
TextSentencer_T73 8347-8454 Sentence denotes The AB blood type is rare and inherited separately as a third allele recessive to A and co-dominant with B.
TextSentencer_T73 8347-8454 Sentence denotes The AB blood type is rare and inherited separately as a third allele recessive to A and co-dominant with B.
TextSentencer_T74 8455-8637 Sentence denotes Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis occurs when maternal anti-A alloantibody gains access to the fetal circulation after colostrum ingestion and destroys type A and type AB erythrocytes.
TextSentencer_T74 8455-8637 Sentence denotes Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis occurs when maternal anti-A alloantibody gains access to the fetal circulation after colostrum ingestion and destroys type A and type AB erythrocytes.
TextSentencer_T75 8638-8724 Sentence denotes Type A and type AB kittens from a type B queen bred to a type A or AB tom are at risk.
TextSentencer_T75 8638-8724 Sentence denotes Type A and type AB kittens from a type B queen bred to a type A or AB tom are at risk.
TextSentencer_T76 8725-8831 Sentence denotes Specifics pertaining to the clinical manifestations of the disease in neonates are discussed in Chapter 2.
TextSentencer_T76 8725-8831 Sentence denotes Specifics pertaining to the clinical manifestations of the disease in neonates are discussed in Chapter 2.
TextSentencer_T77 8832-8973 Sentence denotes In the case of breedings within catteries, the status of all cats with respect to feline coronavirus (FCOR) should be evaluated (Table 1 -1).
TextSentencer_T77 8832-8973 Sentence denotes In the case of breedings within catteries, the status of all cats with respect to feline coronavirus (FCOR) should be evaluated (Table 1 -1).
TextSentencer_T78 8974-9072 Sentence denotes To prevent the spread of coronavirus, the tom and the queen should have the same serologic status.
TextSentencer_T78 8974-9072 Sentence denotes To prevent the spread of coronavirus, the tom and the queen should have the same serologic status.
TextSentencer_T79 9073-9154 Sentence denotes The Chlamydia status of cattery members should also be determined using serology.
TextSentencer_T79 9073-9154 Sentence denotes The Chlamydia status of cattery members should also be determined using serology.
TextSentencer_T80 9155-9335 Sentence denotes The queen should be vaccinated for feline panleukopenia (FPL), feline herpes virus (FHV), and feline calicivirus (FCV) to prevent clinical disease within the cattery (Table 1 -2).
TextSentencer_T80 9155-9335 Sentence denotes The queen should be vaccinated for feline panleukopenia (FPL), feline herpes virus (FHV), and feline calicivirus (FCV) to prevent clinical disease within the cattery (Table 1 -2).
TextSentencer_T81 9336-9403 Sentence denotes However, vaccination alone may not prevent the spread of infection.
TextSentencer_T81 9336-9403 Sentence denotes However, vaccination alone may not prevent the spread of infection.
TextSentencer_T82 9404-9525 Sentence denotes Higher levels of maternal antibody may be achieved by boostering the vaccinations just before or at the time of breeding.
TextSentencer_T82 9404-9525 Sentence denotes Higher levels of maternal antibody may be achieved by boostering the vaccinations just before or at the time of breeding.
TextSentencer_T83 9526-9570 Sentence denotes The queen has an endotheliochorial placenta.
TextSentencer_T83 9526-9570 Sentence denotes The queen has an endotheliochorial placenta.
TextSentencer_T84 9571-9645 Sentence denotes Colostral antibodies are the main source of immunoglobulins in the kitten.
TextSentencer_T84 9571-9645 Sentence denotes Colostral antibodies are the main source of immunoglobulins in the kitten.
TextSentencer_T85 9646-9794 Sentence denotes Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum is necessary for maintenance of pregnancy in the cat since placental production of progesterone is minor.
TextSentencer_T85 9646-9794 Sentence denotes Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum is necessary for maintenance of pregnancy in the cat since placental production of progesterone is minor.
TextSentencer_T86 9795-9882 Sentence denotes The corpora lutea remains functional throughout pregnancy and regresses after delivery.
TextSentencer_T86 9795-9882 Sentence denotes The corpora lutea remains functional throughout pregnancy and regresses after delivery.
TextSentencer_T87 9883-9971 Sentence denotes The queen typically has a progesterone level of 1.0 to 1.6 ng/ml at day 60 of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T87 9883-9971 Sentence denotes The queen typically has a progesterone level of 1.0 to 1.6 ng/ml at day 60 of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T88 9972-10090 Sentence denotes Thus pregnancy likely involves pregnancy-specific secretion of luteotrophic hormones of placental or pituitary origin.
TextSentencer_T88 9972-10090 Sentence denotes Thus pregnancy likely involves pregnancy-specific secretion of luteotrophic hormones of placental or pituitary origin.
TextSentencer_T89 10091-10213 Sentence denotes Several studies indicate that prolactin is a major luteotrophic factor in pregnant queens after implantation has occurred.
TextSentencer_T89 10091-10213 Sentence denotes Several studies indicate that prolactin is a major luteotrophic factor in pregnant queens after implantation has occurred.
TextSentencer_T90 10214-10264 Sentence denotes Hypoluteoidism has not been reported in the queen.
TextSentencer_T90 10214-10264 Sentence denotes Hypoluteoidism has not been reported in the queen.
TextSentencer_T91 10265-10422 Sentence denotes Progesterone therapy to prevent recurrent pregnancy loss should only be considered when infectious causes of pregnancy loss in the queen have been ruled out.
TextSentencer_T91 10265-10422 Sentence denotes Progesterone therapy to prevent recurrent pregnancy loss should only be considered when infectious causes of pregnancy loss in the queen have been ruled out.
TextSentencer_T92 10423-10490 Sentence denotes Proper diet for gestation begins before the bitch becomes pregnant.
TextSentencer_T92 10423-10490 Sentence denotes Proper diet for gestation begins before the bitch becomes pregnant.
TextSentencer_T93 10491-10712 Sentence denotes The bitch should be fed a quality, name-brand diet labeled complete for all life stages by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) standards using feeding trials or suitable for pregnancy and lactation.
TextSentencer_T93 10491-10712 Sentence denotes The bitch should be fed a quality, name-brand diet labeled complete for all life stages by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) standards using feeding trials or suitable for pregnancy and lactation.
TextSentencer_T94 10713-10793 Sentence denotes There is minimal need for increased calories during the first half of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T94 10713-10793 Sentence denotes There is minimal need for increased calories during the first half of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T95 10794-10966 Sentence denotes The bitch should be kept in fit condition, and her caloric intake should be appropriate to allow for a weight gain of approximately 36% over her normal prepregnancy weight.
TextSentencer_T95 10794-10966 Sentence denotes The bitch should be kept in fit condition, and her caloric intake should be appropriate to allow for a weight gain of approximately 36% over her normal prepregnancy weight.
TextSentencer_T96 10967-11145 Sentence denotes The diet should contain a protein level of 25% to 34% and a fat level of at least 18% with a balanced supply of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, as well as optimum vitamins and minerals.
TextSentencer_T96 10967-11145 Sentence denotes The diet should contain a protein level of 25% to 34% and a fat level of at least 18% with a balanced supply of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, as well as optimum vitamins and minerals.
TextSentencer_T97 11146-11231 Sentence denotes Supplements should be avoided to prevent dietary imbalances and inadvertent toxicity.
TextSentencer_T97 11146-11231 Sentence denotes Supplements should be avoided to prevent dietary imbalances and inadvertent toxicity.
TextSentencer_T98 11232-11356 Sentence denotes Calcium supplementation is unnecessary and can result in decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation of bone resorption.
TextSentencer_T98 11232-11356 Sentence denotes Calcium supplementation is unnecessary and can result in decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation of bone resorption.
TextSentencer_T99 11357-11518 Sentence denotes Eclampsia (puerperal hypocalcemia) can occur when the bitch depends on intestinal calcium absorption rather than on the PTH-stimulated bone calcium mobilization.
TextSentencer_T99 11357-11518 Sentence denotes Eclampsia (puerperal hypocalcemia) can occur when the bitch depends on intestinal calcium absorption rather than on the PTH-stimulated bone calcium mobilization.
TextSentencer_T100 11519-11628 Sentence denotes After confirmation of pregnancy, the puppy or kitten diet is appropriate during the second half of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T100 11519-11628 Sentence denotes After confirmation of pregnancy, the puppy or kitten diet is appropriate during the second half of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T101 11629-11740 Sentence denotes Immediately after delivery, the bitch or queen should weigh approximately 5% more than her prepregnancy weight.
TextSentencer_T101 11629-11740 Sentence denotes Immediately after delivery, the bitch or queen should weigh approximately 5% more than her prepregnancy weight.
TextSentencer_T102 11741-11813 Sentence denotes It is nearly impossible to overfeed the bitch or queen during lactation.
TextSentencer_T102 11741-11813 Sentence denotes It is nearly impossible to overfeed the bitch or queen during lactation.
TextSentencer_T103 11814-11975 Sentence denotes Recently, it has been established that nutrients may influence maternal or fetal gene expression, thereby influencing the metabolic status of an animal for life.
TextSentencer_T103 11814-11975 Sentence denotes Recently, it has been established that nutrients may influence maternal or fetal gene expression, thereby influencing the metabolic status of an animal for life.
TextSentencer_T104 11976-12079 Sentence denotes It has been established that both prenatal and postnatal nutrition contribute to metabolic programming.
TextSentencer_T104 11976-12079 Sentence denotes It has been established that both prenatal and postnatal nutrition contribute to metabolic programming.
TextSentencer_T105 12080-12189 Sentence denotes Many bitches experience a period of reduced appetite or inappetence during the second trimester of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T105 12080-12189 Sentence denotes Many bitches experience a period of reduced appetite or inappetence during the second trimester of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T106 12190-12228 Sentence denotes This period may be brief or prolonged.
TextSentencer_T106 12190-12228 Sentence denotes This period may be brief or prolonged.
TextSentencer_T107 12229-12334 Sentence denotes The bitch should be encouraged to eat by adding palatable foods to her diet (cooked meat or canned food).
TextSentencer_T107 12229-12334 Sentence denotes The bitch should be encouraged to eat by adding palatable foods to her diet (cooked meat or canned food).
TextSentencer_T108 12335-12391 Sentence denotes If inappetence persists, force feeding may be necessary.
TextSentencer_T108 12335-12391 Sentence denotes If inappetence persists, force feeding may be necessary.
TextSentencer_T109 12392-12491 Sentence denotes Nutritional insufficiency of taurine may result in resorption, abortion, and stillbirth of kittens.
TextSentencer_T109 12392-12491 Sentence denotes Nutritional insufficiency of taurine may result in resorption, abortion, and stillbirth of kittens.
TextSentencer_T110 12492-12576 Sentence denotes Effects of a taurine deficient diet may persist beyond an individual lost pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T110 12492-12576 Sentence denotes Effects of a taurine deficient diet may persist beyond an individual lost pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T111 12577-12718 Sentence denotes This effect is unlikely to be seen in queens who are fed feline commercial diets but may be seen in situations where dog food is fed to cats.
TextSentencer_T111 12577-12718 Sentence denotes This effect is unlikely to be seen in queens who are fed feline commercial diets but may be seen in situations where dog food is fed to cats.
TextSentencer_T112 12719-12759 Sentence denotes Dietary supplements are not recommended.
TextSentencer_T112 12719-12759 Sentence denotes Dietary supplements are not recommended.
TextSentencer_T113 12760-12860 Sentence denotes Pregnant and nursing queens may have nutritional needs that are four times maintenance requirements.
TextSentencer_T113 12760-12860 Sentence denotes Pregnant and nursing queens may have nutritional needs that are four times maintenance requirements.
TextSentencer_T114 12861-12974 Sentence denotes Canned foods may prove to be more palatable during pregnancy and should be offered if the queen's appetite wanes.
TextSentencer_T114 12861-12974 Sentence denotes Canned foods may prove to be more palatable during pregnancy and should be offered if the queen's appetite wanes.
TextSentencer_T115 12975-13136 Sentence denotes It is possible and recommended to treat bitches to prevent transplacental and transmammary transmission of somatic Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum larvae.
TextSentencer_T115 12975-13136 Sentence denotes It is possible and recommended to treat bitches to prevent transplacental and transmammary transmission of somatic Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum larvae.
TextSentencer_T116 13137-13232 Sentence denotes There are no anthelmintics that are completely effective against the somatic and larval stages.
TextSentencer_T116 13137-13232 Sentence denotes There are no anthelmintics that are completely effective against the somatic and larval stages.
TextSentencer_T117 13233-13377 Sentence denotes The somatic larva of T. canis are encysted in muscle tissue but reactivated during the last trimester of pregnancy and migrate transplacentally.
TextSentencer_T117 13233-13377 Sentence denotes The somatic larva of T. canis are encysted in muscle tissue but reactivated during the last trimester of pregnancy and migrate transplacentally.
TextSentencer_T118 13378-13480 Sentence denotes Transmammary transmission of T. canis occurs, whereas A. caninum is transmitted only transplacentally.
TextSentencer_T118 13378-13480 Sentence denotes Transmammary transmission of T. canis occurs, whereas A. caninum is transmitted only transplacentally.
TextSentencer_T119 13481-13757 Sentence denotes The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) recommend aggressive deworming protocols of pregnant bitches, pregnant queens, and their offspring to prevent environmental contamination with parasite eggs and the potential zoonotic risk.
TextSentencer_T119 13481-13757 Sentence denotes The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) recommend aggressive deworming protocols of pregnant bitches, pregnant queens, and their offspring to prevent environmental contamination with parasite eggs and the potential zoonotic risk.
TextSentencer_T120 13758-13893 Sentence denotes A number of different protocols have been suggested using multiple doses of fenbendazole and ivermectin orally in bitches (Table 1 -3).
TextSentencer_T120 13758-13893 Sentence denotes A number of different protocols have been suggested using multiple doses of fenbendazole and ivermectin orally in bitches (Table 1 -3).
TextSentencer_T121 13894-14060 Sentence denotes In both bitches and queens, topical selamectin 6 mg/kg has been shown to greatly reduce worm burdens in both puppies (98%) and kittens (100%) up to 6 and 7 weeks old.
TextSentencer_T121 13894-14060 Sentence denotes In both bitches and queens, topical selamectin 6 mg/kg has been shown to greatly reduce worm burdens in both puppies (98%) and kittens (100%) up to 6 and 7 weeks old.
TextSentencer_T122 14061-14155 Sentence denotes External parasites must be controlled using products approved for pregnant bitches and queens.
TextSentencer_T122 14061-14155 Sentence denotes External parasites must be controlled using products approved for pregnant bitches and queens.
TextSentencer_T123 14156-14240 Sentence denotes Frontline Plus and Revolution are approved for safety when used in pregnant animals.
TextSentencer_T123 14156-14240 Sentence denotes Frontline Plus and Revolution are approved for safety when used in pregnant animals.
TextSentencer_T124 14241-14434 Sentence denotes Products containing carbaryl should not be used because it may cause brachygnathia, taillessness, extra digits, failure of skeletal formation, and dystocia in bitches caused by uterine inertia.
TextSentencer_T124 14241-14434 Sentence denotes Products containing carbaryl should not be used because it may cause brachygnathia, taillessness, extra digits, failure of skeletal formation, and dystocia in bitches caused by uterine inertia.
TextSentencer_T125 14435-14585 Sentence denotes Heartworm preventive should be continued throughout pregnancy and has been proved to have a high margin of safety even in pregnant bitches and queens.
TextSentencer_T125 14435-14585 Sentence denotes Heartworm preventive should be continued throughout pregnancy and has been proved to have a high margin of safety even in pregnant bitches and queens.
TextSentencer_T126 14586-14773 Sentence denotes A birth defect is a deviation from normal morphology or function that occurs during pregnancy and is severe enough to interfere with viability or the physical well-being of the offspring.
TextSentencer_T126 14586-14773 Sentence denotes A birth defect is a deviation from normal morphology or function that occurs during pregnancy and is severe enough to interfere with viability or the physical well-being of the offspring.
TextSentencer_T127 14774-14842 Sentence denotes Teratology is the science of studying the etiology of birth defects.
TextSentencer_T127 14774-14842 Sentence denotes Teratology is the science of studying the etiology of birth defects.
TextSentencer_T128 14843-14908 Sentence denotes There are three critical periods in the development of the fetus.
TextSentencer_T128 14843-14908 Sentence denotes There are three critical periods in the development of the fetus.
TextSentencer_T129 14909-15012 Sentence denotes The first period is preimplantation (pregastrulation), which occurs from fertilization to implantation.
TextSentencer_T129 14909-15012 Sentence denotes The first period is preimplantation (pregastrulation), which occurs from fertilization to implantation.
TextSentencer_T130 15013-15139 Sentence denotes The second is the embryonic period, which is when organogenesis occurs, and is an important period when birth defects develop.
TextSentencer_T130 15013-15139 Sentence denotes The second is the embryonic period, which is when organogenesis occurs, and is an important period when birth defects develop.
TextSentencer_T131 15140-15286 Sentence denotes The third is the fetal period, which roughly encompasses the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, during which growth and maturation of organ systems occur.
TextSentencer_T131 15140-15286 Sentence denotes The third is the fetal period, which roughly encompasses the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, during which growth and maturation of organ systems occur.
TextSentencer_T132 15287-15458 Sentence denotes Serious insult during the preimplantation phase may result in an all-or-none phenomenon in which implantation does not occur or the cells survive and continue development.
TextSentencer_T132 15287-15458 Sentence denotes Serious insult during the preimplantation phase may result in an all-or-none phenomenon in which implantation does not occur or the cells survive and continue development.
TextSentencer_T133 15459-15559 Sentence denotes Most serious defects occur during the embryonic period (days 22 to 44 from the LH surge) in the dog.
TextSentencer_T133 15459-15559 Sentence denotes Most serious defects occur during the embryonic period (days 22 to 44 from the LH surge) in the dog.
TextSentencer_T134 15560-15772 Sentence denotes During the fetal stage, gross structural defects seldom occur except in structures undergoing rapid growth and maturation such as the palate, the cerebellum, and parts of the cardiovascular and urogenital system.
TextSentencer_T134 15560-15772 Sentence denotes During the fetal stage, gross structural defects seldom occur except in structures undergoing rapid growth and maturation such as the palate, the cerebellum, and parts of the cardiovascular and urogenital system.
TextSentencer_T135 15773-15898 Sentence denotes In humans, 60% of congenital malformations have no identifiable cause, 20% are a combination of hereditable and -3 and 1-4) .
TextSentencer_T135 15773-15898 Sentence denotes In humans, 60% of congenital malformations have no identifiable cause, 20% are a combination of hereditable and -3 and 1-4) .
TextSentencer_T136 15899-15964 Sentence denotes Certain breeds of dogs have increased incidence of birth defects.
TextSentencer_T136 15899-15964 Sentence denotes Certain breeds of dogs have increased incidence of birth defects.
TextSentencer_T137 15965-16169 Sentence denotes The English bulldog, the pug, the Boston Terrier, and the French bulldog all have increased incidence of fetal anasarca resulting in increased fetal loss and a greatly increased rate of cesarean sections.
TextSentencer_T137 15965-16169 Sentence denotes The English bulldog, the pug, the Boston Terrier, and the French bulldog all have increased incidence of fetal anasarca resulting in increased fetal loss and a greatly increased rate of cesarean sections.
TextSentencer_T138 16170-16296 Sentence denotes Anasarca or lethal BOX 1-3 Diseases causing pregnancy loss in the bitch Nutritional components have caused congenital defects.
TextSentencer_T138 16170-16296 Sentence denotes Anasarca or lethal BOX 1-3 Diseases causing pregnancy loss in the bitch Nutritional components have caused congenital defects.
TextSentencer_T139 16297-16433 Sentence denotes Excessive vitamin A between days 17 and 22 has been reported to result in cleft palates, kinked tails, and deformed auricles in kittens.
TextSentencer_T139 16297-16433 Sentence denotes Excessive vitamin A between days 17 and 22 has been reported to result in cleft palates, kinked tails, and deformed auricles in kittens.
TextSentencer_T140 16434-16571 Sentence denotes Excess vitamin D has been linked with tissue calcinosis, premature closure of fontanelles, enamel hypoplasia, and supravalvular stenosis.
TextSentencer_T140 16434-16571 Sentence denotes Excess vitamin D has been linked with tissue calcinosis, premature closure of fontanelles, enamel hypoplasia, and supravalvular stenosis.
TextSentencer_T141 16572-16750 Sentence denotes Congenital malformations can best be evaluated by careful necropsy of all nonsurviving puppies or kittens with the goal of eliminating the cause of such defects (see Chapter 31).
TextSentencer_T141 16572-16750 Sentence denotes Congenital malformations can best be evaluated by careful necropsy of all nonsurviving puppies or kittens with the goal of eliminating the cause of such defects (see Chapter 31).
TextSentencer_T142 16751-16873 Sentence denotes There are several drugs that are contraindicated during pregnancy because they are known to cause birth defects (Box 1-5).
TextSentencer_T142 16751-16873 Sentence denotes There are several drugs that are contraindicated during pregnancy because they are known to cause birth defects (Box 1-5).
TextSentencer_T143 16874-17021 Sentence denotes For an explanation of the reproductive effect or for a complete list of drugs that are safe for use during pregnancy, see Chapter 27 (Table 27 -4).
TextSentencer_T143 16874-17021 Sentence denotes For an explanation of the reproductive effect or for a complete list of drugs that are safe for use during pregnancy, see Chapter 27 (Table 27 -4).
TextSentencer_T144 17022-17149 Sentence denotes Clinicians should obtain a good drug history, including the use of topical, herbal, and other alternative modalities (Box 1-6).
TextSentencer_T144 17022-17149 Sentence denotes Clinicians should obtain a good drug history, including the use of topical, herbal, and other alternative modalities (Box 1-6).
TextSentencer_T145 17150-17247 Sentence denotes The bitch should have her pregnancy confirmed 25 to 30 days after her first breeding (Table 1-4).
TextSentencer_T145 17150-17247 Sentence denotes The bitch should have her pregnancy confirmed 25 to 30 days after her first breeding (Table 1-4).
TextSentencer_T146 17248-17370 Sentence denotes In lean relaxed bitches, it may be possible to detect discrete swellings in the uterus as early as 21 days after breeding.
TextSentencer_T146 17248-17370 Sentence denotes In lean relaxed bitches, it may be possible to detect discrete swellings in the uterus as early as 21 days after breeding.
TextSentencer_T147 17371-17576 Sentence denotes However, it is not possible to use palpation to differentiate uterine swellings congenital edema involves generalized subcutaneous edema and varying amounts of fluid in other body cavities ( Figure 1-1) .
TextSentencer_T147 17371-17576 Sentence denotes However, it is not possible to use palpation to differentiate uterine swellings congenital edema involves generalized subcutaneous edema and varying amounts of fluid in other body cavities ( Figure 1-1) .
TextSentencer_T148 17577-17644 Sentence denotes The condition is known to be heritable likely as a recessive trait.
TextSentencer_T148 17577-17644 Sentence denotes The condition is known to be heritable likely as a recessive trait.
TextSentencer_T149 17645-17725 Sentence denotes Many of the anasarcous puppies also are afflicted with congenital heart defects.
TextSentencer_T149 17645-17725 Sentence denotes Many of the anasarcous puppies also are afflicted with congenital heart defects.
TextSentencer_T150 17726-17810 Sentence denotes Cleft palates are common in all of the brachycephalic breeds (Figures 1-2 and 1-3) .
TextSentencer_T150 17726-17810 Sentence denotes Cleft palates are common in all of the brachycephalic breeds (Figures 1-2 and 1-3) .
TextSentencer_T151 17811-17884 Sentence denotes Cleft palates can be caused by genetic traits or by teratogenetic agents.
TextSentencer_T151 17811-17884 Sentence denotes Cleft palates can be caused by genetic traits or by teratogenetic agents.
TextSentencer_T152 17885-17986 Sentence denotes Both griseofulvin and corticosteroids have been implicated as teratogens that can cause cleft palate.
TextSentencer_T152 17885-17986 Sentence denotes Both griseofulvin and corticosteroids have been implicated as teratogens that can cause cleft palate.
TextSentencer_T153 17987-18045 Sentence denotes Even aspirin has been demonstrated to cause cleft palates.
TextSentencer_T153 17987-18045 Sentence denotes Even aspirin has been demonstrated to cause cleft palates.
TextSentencer_T154 18046-18385 Sentence denotes In general, all drugs should be avoided in the pregnant bitch or queen, including all live virus vaccines, unless they are necessary to maintain the welfare of the mother and the drug is reported to be safe during pregnancy. associated with uterine pathology (Figures 1-4 and 1-5) from normal uterine development associated with pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T154 18046-18385 Sentence denotes In general, all drugs should be avoided in the pregnant bitch or queen, including all live virus vaccines, unless they are necessary to maintain the welfare of the mother and the drug is reported to be safe during pregnancy. associated with uterine pathology (Figures 1-4 and 1-5) from normal uterine development associated with pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T155 18386-18506 Sentence denotes After day 35, the uterine swellings enlarge, resulting in a confluence, making pregnancy palpation even more unreliable.
TextSentencer_T155 18386-18506 Sentence denotes After day 35, the uterine swellings enlarge, resulting in a confluence, making pregnancy palpation even more unreliable.
TextSentencer_T156 18507-18688 Sentence denotes Real-time ultrasonography is valuable in early pregnancy diagnosis, as well as throughout the second half of gestation whenever there is a question of fetal viability or fetal loss.
TextSentencer_T156 18507-18688 Sentence denotes Real-time ultrasonography is valuable in early pregnancy diagnosis, as well as throughout the second half of gestation whenever there is a question of fetal viability or fetal loss.
TextSentencer_T157 18689-18878 Sentence denotes Ultrasonography in the bitch is accurate for pregnancy diagnosis in the hands of an experienced ultrasonographer using quality equipment as early as 19 to 21 days post-LH peak in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T157 18689-18878 Sentence denotes Ultrasonography in the bitch is accurate for pregnancy diagnosis in the hands of an experienced ultrasonographer using quality equipment as early as 19 to 21 days post-LH peak in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T158 18879-18976 Sentence denotes When the LH peak is known, pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch is very accurate after days 21 to 23.
TextSentencer_T158 18879-18976 Sentence denotes When the LH peak is known, pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch is very accurate after days 21 to 23.
TextSentencer_T159 18977-19137 Sentence denotes If the LH peak is unknown, ultrasonography for pregnancy detection should be performed at approximately 30 days after the last known breeding (see Figure 1-4) .
TextSentencer_T159 18977-19137 Sentence denotes If the LH peak is unknown, ultrasonography for pregnancy detection should be performed at approximately 30 days after the last known breeding (see Figure 1-4) .
TextSentencer_T160 19138-19255 Sentence denotes Fetal heartbeats are first detected 23 to 25 days after the LH peak or 16 days after the onset of cytologic diestrus.
TextSentencer_T160 19138-19255 Sentence denotes Fetal heartbeats are first detected 23 to 25 days after the LH peak or 16 days after the onset of cytologic diestrus.
TextSentencer_T161 19256-19343 Sentence denotes In addition to pregnancy diagnosis, ultrasonography can be used to identify fetal loss.
TextSentencer_T161 19256-19343 Sentence denotes In addition to pregnancy diagnosis, ultrasonography can be used to identify fetal loss.
TextSentencer_T162 19344-19437 Sentence denotes This author has observed disparity between the sizes of gestational sacs in some pregnancies.
TextSentencer_T162 19344-19437 Sentence denotes This author has observed disparity between the sizes of gestational sacs in some pregnancies.
TextSentencer_T163 19438-19606 Sentence denotes This size disparity appears to be accompanied by low volume of embryonic fluid, cessation of fetal heart beat in the smaller sacs, shrinkage, and ultimately resorption.
TextSentencer_T163 19438-19606 Sentence denotes This size disparity appears to be accompanied by low volume of embryonic fluid, cessation of fetal heart beat in the smaller sacs, shrinkage, and ultimately resorption.
TextSentencer_T164 19607-19680 Sentence denotes Ultrasound has not been proved reliable for determination of litter size.
TextSentencer_T164 19607-19680 Sentence denotes Ultrasound has not been proved reliable for determination of litter size.
TextSentencer_T165 19681-19854 Sentence denotes Determination of fetal age involves multiple measurements of the biparietal or trunk diameter and must take into consideration differences relative to breed and litter size.
TextSentencer_T165 19681-19854 Sentence denotes Determination of fetal age involves multiple measurements of the biparietal or trunk diameter and must take into consideration differences relative to breed and litter size.
TextSentencer_T166 19855-19941 Sentence denotes Embryonic vesicles may be detected earlier in the queen than in the bitch (Table 1-5).
TextSentencer_T166 19855-19941 Sentence denotes Embryonic vesicles may be detected earlier in the queen than in the bitch (Table 1-5).
TextSentencer_T167 19942-20045 Sentence denotes Ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis is accurate in the queen as early as 11 to 16 days after breeding.
TextSentencer_T167 19942-20045 Sentence denotes Ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis is accurate in the queen as early as 11 to 16 days after breeding.
TextSentencer_T168 20046-20098 Sentence denotes Fetal heartbeats may be detected as early as day 16.
TextSentencer_T168 20046-20098 Sentence denotes Fetal heartbeats may be detected as early as day 16.
TextSentencer_T169 20099-20220 Sentence denotes Embryonic vesicles closest to the uterine bifurcation are detected earliest, and early examination may miss some fetuses.
TextSentencer_T169 20099-20220 Sentence denotes Embryonic vesicles closest to the uterine bifurcation are detected earliest, and early examination may miss some fetuses.
TextSentencer_T170 20221-20303 Sentence denotes The ultrasound should be repeated 5 to 7 days later if no fetal vesicles are seen.
TextSentencer_T170 20221-20303 Sentence denotes The ultrasound should be repeated 5 to 7 days later if no fetal vesicles are seen.
TextSentencer_T171 20304-20413 Sentence denotes Ultrasound in the queen can be used to detect fetal loss and may be used in an attempt to estimate fetal age.
TextSentencer_T171 20304-20413 Sentence denotes Ultrasound in the queen can be used to detect fetal loss and may be used in an attempt to estimate fetal age.
TextSentencer_T172 20414-20466 Sentence denotes Hormonal diagnosis of pregnancy varies with species.
TextSentencer_T172 20414-20466 Sentence denotes Hormonal diagnosis of pregnancy varies with species.
TextSentencer_T173 20467-20561 Sentence denotes In the bitch, progesterone elevations are not different whether a bitch is or is not pregnant.
TextSentencer_T173 20467-20561 Sentence denotes In the bitch, progesterone elevations are not different whether a bitch is or is not pregnant.
TextSentencer_T174 20562-20633 Sentence denotes Progesterone levels, however, can be used to confirm ovulation failure.
TextSentencer_T174 20562-20633 Sentence denotes Progesterone levels, however, can be used to confirm ovulation failure.
TextSentencer_T175 20634-20751 Sentence denotes In the queen, progesterone levels may be used 40 days after breeding to differentiate pseudopregnancy from pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T175 20634-20751 Sentence denotes In the queen, progesterone levels may be used 40 days after breeding to differentiate pseudopregnancy from pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T176 20752-20898 Sentence denotes In the pseudopregnant queen, progesterone declines to baseline levels by day 40 after breeding but remains at 1 ng/ml or above in pregnant queens.
TextSentencer_T176 20752-20898 Sentence denotes In the pseudopregnant queen, progesterone declines to baseline levels by day 40 after breeding but remains at 1 ng/ml or above in pregnant queens.
TextSentencer_T177 20899-21020 Sentence denotes Prolactin levels increase in both the pregnant bitch and the pregnant queen; however, a commercial test is not available.
TextSentencer_T177 20899-21020 Sentence denotes Prolactin levels increase in both the pregnant bitch and the pregnant queen; however, a commercial test is not available.
TextSentencer_T178 21021-21141 Sentence denotes Relaxin is the only reported hormone that is pregnancy-specific in carnivores and is produced by the fetoplacental unit.
TextSentencer_T178 21021-21141 Sentence denotes Relaxin is the only reported hormone that is pregnancy-specific in carnivores and is produced by the fetoplacental unit.
TextSentencer_T179 21142-21243 Sentence denotes Relaxin is best measured by radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques.
TextSentencer_T179 21142-21243 Sentence denotes Relaxin is best measured by radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques.
TextSentencer_T180 21244-21367 Sentence denotes An in-clinic test (ReproCHEK, Synbiotics; www.synbiotics.com) has been developed but is not as reliable as ultrasonography.
TextSentencer_T180 21244-21367 Sentence denotes An in-clinic test (ReproCHEK, Synbiotics; www.synbiotics.com) has been developed but is not as reliable as ultrasonography.
TextSentencer_T181 21368-21427 Sentence denotes At this visit, the physical examination should be repeated.
TextSentencer_T181 21368-21427 Sentence denotes At this visit, the physical examination should be repeated.
TextSentencer_T182 21428-21540 Sentence denotes The body condition of the bitch or queen should be assessed, and recommendations made for adjustments as needed.
TextSentencer_T182 21428-21540 Sentence denotes The body condition of the bitch or queen should be assessed, and recommendations made for adjustments as needed.
TextSentencer_T183 21541-21678 Sentence denotes If the bitch or queen has previously been on a maintenance diet, she should be switched to a ration suitable for pregnancy and lactation.
TextSentencer_T183 21541-21678 Sentence denotes If the bitch or queen has previously been on a maintenance diet, she should be switched to a ration suitable for pregnancy and lactation.
TextSentencer_T184 21679-21807 Sentence denotes In cases where the bitch or queen is underweight and anorectic, a balanced multivitamin, such as Pet-Tabs, should be considered.
TextSentencer_T184 21679-21807 Sentence denotes In cases where the bitch or queen is underweight and anorectic, a balanced multivitamin, such as Pet-Tabs, should be considered.
TextSentencer_T185 21808-22003 Sentence denotes There are hematologic changes throughout pregnancy, and both the bitch and the queen will experience a gradual decline in hematocrit associated with increased plasma volume (Tables 1-6 and 1-7) .
TextSentencer_T185 21808-22003 Sentence denotes There are hematologic changes throughout pregnancy, and both the bitch and the queen will experience a gradual decline in hematocrit associated with increased plasma volume (Tables 1-6 and 1-7) .
TextSentencer_T186 22004-22078 Sentence denotes Pregnancy may be accompanied by toxemia in bitches carrying large litters.
TextSentencer_T186 22004-22078 Sentence denotes Pregnancy may be accompanied by toxemia in bitches carrying large litters.
TextSentencer_T187 22079-22202 Sentence denotes Ketosis can develop in bitches not meeting the nutritional demands of pregnancy, and a negative energy balance can develop.
TextSentencer_T187 22079-22202 Sentence denotes Ketosis can develop in bitches not meeting the nutritional demands of pregnancy, and a negative energy balance can develop.
TextSentencer_T188 22203-22289 Sentence denotes Anorexia in late pregnancy must be corrected by force feeding or parenteral nutrition.
TextSentencer_T188 22203-22289 Sentence denotes Anorexia in late pregnancy must be corrected by force feeding or parenteral nutrition.
TextSentencer_T189 22290-22482 Sentence denotes The owner should be questioned about any changes in behavior or appetite, increases or decreases in water consumption, extent of mammary development, and the presence of any vaginal discharge.
TextSentencer_T189 22290-22482 Sentence denotes The owner should be questioned about any changes in behavior or appetite, increases or decreases in water consumption, extent of mammary development, and the presence of any vaginal discharge.
TextSentencer_T190 22483-22610 Sentence denotes If the bitch or queen is found to be nonpregnant at this visit, a diagnostic workup for conception failure should be discussed.
TextSentencer_T190 22483-22610 Sentence denotes If the bitch or queen is found to be nonpregnant at this visit, a diagnostic workup for conception failure should be discussed.
TextSentencer_T191 22611-22695 Sentence denotes This is a good time to remind the owner to avoid exposure to any infectious disease.
TextSentencer_T191 22611-22695 Sentence denotes This is a good time to remind the owner to avoid exposure to any infectious disease.
TextSentencer_T192 22696-22866 Sentence denotes The bitch or queen should remain in the home, kennel, or cattery environment and should not share housing or exercise areas with animals still in competition or training.
TextSentencer_T192 22696-22866 Sentence denotes The bitch or queen should remain in the home, kennel, or cattery environment and should not share housing or exercise areas with animals still in competition or training.
TextSentencer_T193 22867-22943 Sentence denotes This includes shared areas for exercise even if direct contact is prevented.
TextSentencer_T193 22867-22943 Sentence denotes This includes shared areas for exercise even if direct contact is prevented.
TextSentencer_T194 22944-23042 Sentence denotes There are numerous viral and bacterial diseases that have potential risks for the pregnant animal.
TextSentencer_T194 22944-23042 Sentence denotes There are numerous viral and bacterial diseases that have potential risks for the pregnant animal.
TextSentencer_T195 23043-23173 Sentence denotes Training classes and competitive field events should be discontinued because the effect of stress on the bitch can be significant.
TextSentencer_T195 23043-23173 Sentence denotes Training classes and competitive field events should be discontinued because the effect of stress on the bitch can be significant.
TextSentencer_T196 23174-23367 Sentence denotes With maternal stress, there is increased adrenaline secretion, decreased uterine and placental blood flow, decreased oxygen to the fetus, and increased fetal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
TextSentencer_T196 23174-23367 Sentence denotes With maternal stress, there is increased adrenaline secretion, decreased uterine and placental blood flow, decreased oxygen to the fetus, and increased fetal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
TextSentencer_T197 23368-23441 Sentence denotes Before term the bitch or queen should be introduced to her delivery area.
TextSentencer_T197 23368-23441 Sentence denotes Before term the bitch or queen should be introduced to her delivery area.
TextSentencer_T198 23442-23579 Sentence denotes This area should be safe and quiet and provide the privacy and comfort needed for the dam to become acclimated and ready for parturition.
TextSentencer_T198 23442-23579 Sentence denotes This area should be safe and quiet and provide the privacy and comfort needed for the dam to become acclimated and ready for parturition.
TextSentencer_T199 23580-23684 Sentence denotes The bitch should be Figure 1-6 The lateral abdominal radiograph can be used to assess number of fetuses.
TextSentencer_T199 23580-23684 Sentence denotes The bitch should be Figure 1-6 The lateral abdominal radiograph can be used to assess number of fetuses.
TextSentencer_T200 23685-23781 Sentence denotes Six puppies can be seen on this film of a Labrador retriever bitch taken 6 days before whelping.
TextSentencer_T200 23685-23781 Sentence denotes Six puppies can be seen on this film of a Labrador retriever bitch taken 6 days before whelping.
TextSentencer_T201 23782-23862 Sentence denotes Figure 1-7 Ultrasound is the best tool for assessing fetal status and viability.
TextSentencer_T201 23782-23862 Sentence denotes Figure 1-7 Ultrasound is the best tool for assessing fetal status and viability.
TextSentencer_T202 23863-23940 Sentence denotes It can be used to assess fetal heart beats, as well as movement of the fetus.
TextSentencer_T202 23863-23940 Sentence denotes It can be used to assess fetal heart beats, as well as movement of the fetus.
TextSentencer_T203 23941-24122 Sentence denotes This ultrasound captured a near-term puppy yawning. introduced to the whelping area and confined to the area where she will whelp at least 1 week before the anticipated parturition.
TextSentencer_T203 23941-24122 Sentence denotes This ultrasound captured a near-term puppy yawning. introduced to the whelping area and confined to the area where she will whelp at least 1 week before the anticipated parturition.
TextSentencer_T204 24123-24187 Sentence denotes The queen will often seek a small confined area for parturition.
TextSentencer_T204 24123-24187 Sentence denotes The queen will often seek a small confined area for parturition.
TextSentencer_T205 24188-24349 Sentence denotes The bitch or queen should have a lateral abdominal radiograph (Figure 1-6 ) taken 5 to 10 days before the expected delivery date to assess the number of fetuses.
TextSentencer_T205 24188-24349 Sentence denotes The bitch or queen should have a lateral abdominal radiograph (Figure 1-6 ) taken 5 to 10 days before the expected delivery date to assess the number of fetuses.
TextSentencer_T206 24350-24479 Sentence denotes Radiography is an accurate method for determination of fetal numbers but can underestimate the litter size in very large litters.
TextSentencer_T206 24350-24479 Sentence denotes Radiography is an accurate method for determination of fetal numbers but can underestimate the litter size in very large litters.
TextSentencer_T207 24480-24634 Sentence denotes Radiography will also allow the assessment of the fetal skeleton for signs of fetal death (i.e., collapse of the fetal skeleton or gas within the uterus).
TextSentencer_T207 24480-24634 Sentence denotes Radiography will also allow the assessment of the fetal skeleton for signs of fetal death (i.e., collapse of the fetal skeleton or gas within the uterus).
TextSentencer_T208 24635-24744 Sentence denotes Radiography does not truly assess the presentation of the fetus because of the mobility of the uterine horns.
TextSentencer_T208 24635-24744 Sentence denotes Radiography does not truly assess the presentation of the fetus because of the mobility of the uterine horns.
TextSentencer_T209 24745-24998 Sentence denotes Ultrasonography is a better diagnostic tool for the assessment of fetal health since it allows examination of the fetal heart rate, the amount of allantoic fluid, fetal movement, and some fetal abnormalities such as abdominal wall defects (Figure 1-7) .
TextSentencer_T209 24745-24998 Sentence denotes Ultrasonography is a better diagnostic tool for the assessment of fetal health since it allows examination of the fetal heart rate, the amount of allantoic fluid, fetal movement, and some fetal abnormalities such as abdominal wall defects (Figure 1-7) .
TextSentencer_T210 24999-25132 Sentence denotes Fetal heart rates that are below 130 beats per minute indicate poor puppy viability, and the pregnancy requires intensive monitoring.
TextSentencer_T210 24999-25132 Sentence denotes Fetal heart rates that are below 130 beats per minute indicate poor puppy viability, and the pregnancy requires intensive monitoring.
TextSentencer_T211 25133-25210 Sentence denotes Normal fetal heart rates at term are often greater than 200 beats per minute.
TextSentencer_T211 25133-25210 Sentence denotes Normal fetal heart rates at term are often greater than 200 beats per minute.
TextSentencer_T212 25211-25364 Sentence denotes During the prenatal visit, it is prudent to evaluate the dam's blood glucose and serum calcium (ionized calcium preferred) levels and packed cell volume.
TextSentencer_T212 25211-25364 Sentence denotes During the prenatal visit, it is prudent to evaluate the dam's blood glucose and serum calcium (ionized calcium preferred) levels and packed cell volume.
TextSentencer_T213 25365-25549 Sentence denotes The physical examination should include a digital vaginal examination to detect any soft tissue obstructions (stricture or masses) and to evaluate the vaginal area for excessive edema.
TextSentencer_T213 25365-25549 Sentence denotes The physical examination should include a digital vaginal examination to detect any soft tissue obstructions (stricture or masses) and to evaluate the vaginal area for excessive edema.
TextSentencer_T214 25550-25760 Sentence denotes Any vaginal discharge warrants vaginoscopy, using either a human sigmoidoscope (Figure 1-8) or a rigid endoscope (Figure 1-9) with a video monitor to assess cervical patency and the presence of fetal membranes.
TextSentencer_T214 25550-25760 Sentence denotes Any vaginal discharge warrants vaginoscopy, using either a human sigmoidoscope (Figure 1-8) or a rigid endoscope (Figure 1-9) with a video monitor to assess cervical patency and the presence of fetal membranes.
TextSentencer_T215 25761-25956 Sentence denotes The client should be given verbal and written instructions on the management of parturition and should be encouraged to inform the clinician of any change in rectal temperature (Boxes 1-7 and 1-8
TextSentencer_T215 25761-25956 Sentence denotes The client should be given verbal and written instructions on the management of parturition and should be encouraged to inform the clinician of any change in rectal temperature (Boxes 1-7 and 1-8
TextSentencer_T216 25958-26031 Sentence denotes Begin preparations for delivery of puppies before the female gives birth.
TextSentencer_T216 25958-26031 Sentence denotes Begin preparations for delivery of puppies before the female gives birth.
TextSentencer_T217 26032-26150 Sentence denotes Provide a whelping box for the mother to begin sleeping in to ensure the puppies are born in the area you have chosen.
TextSentencer_T217 26032-26150 Sentence denotes Provide a whelping box for the mother to begin sleeping in to ensure the puppies are born in the area you have chosen.
TextSentencer_T218 26151-26285 Sentence denotes This box should be only slightly bigger than the mother, with sides 6 to 8 inches high to keep the pups from crawling out of the nest.
TextSentencer_T218 26151-26285 Sentence denotes This box should be only slightly bigger than the mother, with sides 6 to 8 inches high to keep the pups from crawling out of the nest.
TextSentencer_T219 26286-26404 Sentence denotes Place the box in a secluded yet familiar area of the home, away from the family traffic, to allow the mother solitude.
TextSentencer_T219 26286-26404 Sentence denotes Place the box in a secluded yet familiar area of the home, away from the family traffic, to allow the mother solitude.
TextSentencer_T220 26405-26650 Sentence denotes Newspapers make excellent bedding because they can be changed easily, are absorbent, and can be shredded by the mother as she makes her "nest. " If materials such as old quilts, blankets, rugs, or towels are used, they must be washed frequently.
TextSentencer_T220 26405-26650 Sentence denotes Newspapers make excellent bedding because they can be changed easily, are absorbent, and can be shredded by the mother as she makes her "nest. " If materials such as old quilts, blankets, rugs, or towels are used, they must be washed frequently.
TextSentencer_T221 26651-26809 Sentence denotes If you want to know precisely when delivery is near, check the rectal temperature of the mother twice daily from the 58th day of pregnancy until labor begins.
TextSentencer_T221 26651-26809 Sentence denotes If you want to know precisely when delivery is near, check the rectal temperature of the mother twice daily from the 58th day of pregnancy until labor begins.
TextSentencer_T222 26810-26885 Sentence denotes Normal rectal temperature is between 100.5° F (38° C) and 102° F (38.9° C).
TextSentencer_T222 26810-26885 Sentence denotes Normal rectal temperature is between 100.5° F (38° C) and 102° F (38.9° C).
TextSentencer_T223 26886-27003 Sentence denotes Within 24 hours before the onset of labor, the rectal temperature drops nearly 2 degrees to 99° F (37.2° C) or below.
TextSentencer_T223 26886-27003 Sentence denotes Within 24 hours before the onset of labor, the rectal temperature drops nearly 2 degrees to 99° F (37.2° C) or below.
TextSentencer_T224 27004-27069 Sentence denotes Labor in the female dog (bitch) can be divided into three stages.
TextSentencer_T224 27004-27069 Sentence denotes Labor in the female dog (bitch) can be divided into three stages.
TextSentencer_T225 27070-27140 Sentence denotes The second and third stages are repeated with the birth of each puppy.
TextSentencer_T225 27070-27140 Sentence denotes The second and third stages are repeated with the birth of each puppy.
TextSentencer_T226 27141-27244 Sentence denotes During the first stage, the mother seems extremely restless and very nervous and often seeks seclusion.
TextSentencer_T226 27141-27244 Sentence denotes During the first stage, the mother seems extremely restless and very nervous and often seeks seclusion.
TextSentencer_T227 27245-27301 Sentence denotes She may refuse food even if offered her favorite treats.
TextSentencer_T227 27245-27301 Sentence denotes She may refuse food even if offered her favorite treats.
TextSentencer_T228 27302-27336 Sentence denotes This stage may last 6 to 24 hours.
TextSentencer_T228 27302-27336 Sentence denotes This stage may last 6 to 24 hours.
TextSentencer_T229 27337-27417 Sentence denotes This is a good time to exercise the mother to allow her to urinate and defecate.
TextSentencer_T229 27337-27417 Sentence denotes This is a good time to exercise the mother to allow her to urinate and defecate.
TextSentencer_T230 27418-27495 Sentence denotes In the second stage, uterine contractions and expulsion of the puppies begin.
TextSentencer_T230 27418-27495 Sentence denotes In the second stage, uterine contractions and expulsion of the puppies begin.
TextSentencer_T231 27496-27609 Sentence denotes Usually, a small greenish sac of fluid protrudes from the vulva, followed by the puppy and its attached placenta.
TextSentencer_T231 27496-27609 Sentence denotes Usually, a small greenish sac of fluid protrudes from the vulva, followed by the puppy and its attached placenta.
TextSentencer_T232 27610-27695 Sentence denotes The normal presentation of the puppy is nose first, stomach down ("diving" position).
TextSentencer_T232 27610-27695 Sentence denotes The normal presentation of the puppy is nose first, stomach down ("diving" position).
TextSentencer_T233 27696-27765 Sentence denotes About one-third of all puppies, however, are born hindquarters first.
TextSentencer_T233 27696-27765 Sentence denotes About one-third of all puppies, however, are born hindquarters first.
TextSentencer_T234 27766-27816 Sentence denotes This presentation is considered normal in the dog.
TextSentencer_T234 27766-27816 Sentence denotes This presentation is considered normal in the dog.
TextSentencer_T235 27817-27909 Sentence denotes After delivery, the mother opens the sac, cleans off the pup, and severs the umbilical cord.
TextSentencer_T235 27817-27909 Sentence denotes After delivery, the mother opens the sac, cleans off the pup, and severs the umbilical cord.
TextSentencer_T236 27910-27986 Sentence denotes You may have to perform these functions for the mother (see Obstetric Care).
TextSentencer_T236 27910-27986 Sentence denotes You may have to perform these functions for the mother (see Obstetric Care).
TextSentencer_T237 27987-28077 Sentence denotes Make sure the sac is removed from the puppy immediately if it is unbroken during delivery.
TextSentencer_T237 27987-28077 Sentence denotes Make sure the sac is removed from the puppy immediately if it is unbroken during delivery.
TextSentencer_T238 28078-28162 Sentence denotes The third stage of labor is the resting stage, which follows delivery of each puppy.
TextSentencer_T238 28078-28162 Sentence denotes The third stage of labor is the resting stage, which follows delivery of each puppy.
TextSentencer_T239 28163-28232 Sentence denotes Mild contractions and delivery of the afterbirth occur in this phase.
TextSentencer_T239 28163-28232 Sentence denotes Mild contractions and delivery of the afterbirth occur in this phase.
TextSentencer_T240 28233-28323 Sentence denotes This stage usually lasts 10 to 30 minutes, but it may range from a few seconds to an hour.
TextSentencer_T240 28233-28323 Sentence denotes This stage usually lasts 10 to 30 minutes, but it may range from a few seconds to an hour.
TextSentencer_T241 28324-28448 Sentence denotes After a pup is delivered, remove all membranes covering the puppy, clean the face, and remove mucus from the mouth and nose.
TextSentencer_T241 28324-28448 Sentence denotes After a pup is delivered, remove all membranes covering the puppy, clean the face, and remove mucus from the mouth and nose.
TextSentencer_T242 28449-28537 Sentence denotes Rub the puppy with a clean towel to dry it and to stimulate respiration and circulation.
TextSentencer_T242 28449-28537 Sentence denotes Rub the puppy with a clean towel to dry it and to stimulate respiration and circulation.
TextSentencer_T243 28538-28618 Sentence denotes After a few minutes of rubbing, the puppy should begin to squirm and cry loudly.
TextSentencer_T243 28538-28618 Sentence denotes After a few minutes of rubbing, the puppy should begin to squirm and cry loudly.
TextSentencer_T244 28619-28763 Sentence denotes The umbilical cord should be tied about an inch from the puppy's body with fine thread and then cut on the side of the knot away from the puppy.
TextSentencer_T244 28619-28763 Sentence denotes The umbilical cord should be tied about an inch from the puppy's body with fine thread and then cut on the side of the knot away from the puppy.
TextSentencer_T245 28764-28821 Sentence denotes Apply a drop of Betadine to the cord end after it is cut.
TextSentencer_T245 28764-28821 Sentence denotes Apply a drop of Betadine to the cord end after it is cut.
TextSentencer_T246 28822-28933 Sentence denotes If a puppy seems to be lodged in the birth canal and the mother cannot expel it, rapid assistance is necessary.
TextSentencer_T246 28822-28933 Sentence denotes If a puppy seems to be lodged in the birth canal and the mother cannot expel it, rapid assistance is necessary.
TextSentencer_T247 28934-29007 Sentence denotes There may not be time to call the veterinarian and drive to the hospital.
TextSentencer_T247 28934-29007 Sentence denotes There may not be time to call the veterinarian and drive to the hospital.
TextSentencer_T248 29008-29075 Sentence denotes Grasp the puppy with a clean towel and exert steady, firm traction.
TextSentencer_T248 29008-29075 Sentence denotes Grasp the puppy with a clean towel and exert steady, firm traction.
TextSentencer_T249 29076-29105 Sentence denotes Do not jerk or pull suddenly.
TextSentencer_T249 29076-29105 Sentence denotes Do not jerk or pull suddenly.
TextSentencer_T250 29106-29163 Sentence denotes Traction may have to be applied for as long as 5 minutes.
TextSentencer_T250 29106-29163 Sentence denotes Traction may have to be applied for as long as 5 minutes.
TextSentencer_T251 29164-29212 Sentence denotes If you cannot remove the puppy, call the doctor.
TextSentencer_T251 29164-29212 Sentence denotes If you cannot remove the puppy, call the doctor.
TextSentencer_T252 29213-29647 Sentence denotes • A puppy is lodged in the birth canal and cannot be removed. • There is strong, persistent labor for 30 minutes without delivery of a pup. • There is weak, intermittent labor for 3 hours without delivery of any puppies. • It has been more than 3 hours since the delivery of the last pup, and it is probable that more puppies are still inside. • There is a greenish-black vaginal discharge and no labor or puppies within 3 to 4 hours.
TextSentencer_T252 29213-29647 Sentence denotes • A puppy is lodged in the birth canal and cannot be removed. • There is strong, persistent labor for 30 minutes without delivery of a pup. • There is weak, intermittent labor for 3 hours without delivery of any puppies. • It has been more than 3 hours since the delivery of the last pup, and it is probable that more puppies are still inside. • There is a greenish-black vaginal discharge and no labor or puppies within 3 to 4 hours.
TextSentencer_T253 29648-29889 Sentence denotes The greenish-black color is normal, but the discharge should be followed very soon by delivery of the pups. • The pregnancy lasts more than 65 days. • It has been 24 hours since the drop in rectal temperature and there are no signs of labor.
TextSentencer_T253 29648-29889 Sentence denotes The greenish-black color is normal, but the discharge should be followed very soon by delivery of the pups. • The pregnancy lasts more than 65 days. • It has been 24 hours since the drop in rectal temperature and there are no signs of labor.
TextSentencer_T254 29890-29987 Sentence denotes temperature commonly drops to below 99° F (37.2° C) within 24 hours of initiation of parturition.
TextSentencer_T254 29890-29987 Sentence denotes temperature commonly drops to below 99° F (37.2° C) within 24 hours of initiation of parturition.
TextSentencer_T255 29988-30099 Sentence denotes The queen may experience a similar decrease in rectal temperature, although it is seldom reported by the owner.
TextSentencer_T255 29988-30099 Sentence denotes The queen may experience a similar decrease in rectal temperature, although it is seldom reported by the owner.
TextSentencer_T256 30100-30182 Sentence denotes The temperature drop follows the decrease in progesterone at the end of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T256 30100-30182 Sentence denotes The temperature drop follows the decrease in progesterone at the end of pregnancy.
TextSentencer_T257 30183-30316 Sentence denotes During late pregnancy, the pattern of uterine electrical activity changes, which correlates with the decrease in plasma progesterone.
TextSentencer_T257 30183-30316 Sentence denotes During late pregnancy, the pattern of uterine electrical activity changes, which correlates with the decrease in plasma progesterone.
TextSentencer_T258 30317-30416 Sentence denotes This suggests that progesterone plays an important role in the process of parturition in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T258 30317-30416 Sentence denotes This suggests that progesterone plays an important role in the process of parturition in the bitch.
TextSentencer_T259 30417-30557 Sentence denotes The client should be counseled to seek veterinary attention if labor is not initiated within 24 hours of the decrease in rectal temperature.
TextSentencer_T259 30417-30557 Sentence denotes The client should be counseled to seek veterinary attention if labor is not initiated within 24 hours of the decrease in rectal temperature.
TextSentencer_T260 30558-30723 Sentence denotes The client should be given after-hours contact information if the clinician will be providing after-hours care or contact information for appropriate emergency care.
TextSentencer_T260 30558-30723 Sentence denotes The client should be given after-hours contact information if the clinician will be providing after-hours care or contact information for appropriate emergency care.