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Expression of TMPRSS 2 , 4 , 11 A , 11D , and 11E on 293 / hACE2 cells enhanced SARS - CoV-2 S protein - mediated cell - cell fusion similarly to SASR - CoV S ( Supplementary Fig . 2 )
ACE2 expression is reduced in patients with DM possibly due to glycosylation ; this might explain the increased predisposition to severe lung injury and ARDS with COVID-19 .
Similarly , animal models have had inconsistent findings with respect to the effects of ARBs on ACE2 , with some showing that ARBs may increase messenger RNA expression or protein levels of ACE2 in tissue and others showing no effect .
Compared to mock control , SARS - CoV-2 S pseudovirions showed an over 500-fold increase in luciferase activities in Calu3 cells , at a level similar to SARS - CoV S pseudovirions ( Fig . 2a )
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