PubMed:9234696 JSONTXT

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    jnlpba-st-training

    {"project":"jnlpba-st-training","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":23,"end":59},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":78,"end":83},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":105,"end":109},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":139,"end":166},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":206,"end":219},"obj":"cell_type"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":265,"end":279},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":346,"end":371},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":408,"end":422},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":456,"end":495},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":515,"end":520},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":562,"end":565},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":590,"end":594},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":615,"end":638},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":742,"end":751},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":771,"end":791},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":822,"end":853},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":993,"end":1014},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1035},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1062},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1067},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1091},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1137},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1157},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1226},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1279},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1317},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1348,"end":1360},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1396},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1426,"end":1429},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1469},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1501,"end":1504},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1505,"end":1508},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1509,"end":1512},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1551,"end":1555},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1643,"end":1648},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1688},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1826,"end":1838},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1846,"end":1849},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1874,"end":1878},"obj":"protein"}],"text":"GABP factors bind to a distal interleukin 2 (IL-2) enhancer and contribute to c-Raf-mediated increase in IL-2 induction.\nTriggering of the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex activates two major signal cascades in T lymphocytes, (i) Ca2+-dependent signal cascades and (ii) protein kinase cascades. Both signal cascades contribute to the induction of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene during T-cell activation. Prominent protein kinase cascades are those that activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. We show here that c-Raf, which is at the helm of the classic MAP-Erk cascade, contributes to IL-2 induction through a distal enhancer element spanning the nucleotides from positions -502 to -413 in front of the transcriptional start site of the IL-2 gene. Induction of this distal IL-2 enhancer differs from induction of the proximal IL-2 promoter-enhancer, since it is induced by phorbol esters alone and independent from Ca2+ signals. In DNA-protein binding studies, we detected the binding of transcription factors GABP alpha and -beta to a dyad symmetry element (DSE) of the distal enhancer, which is formed by palindromic binding sites of Ets-like factors. Introduction of point mutations suppressing GABP binding to the DSE interfered with the induction of the distal enhancer and the entire IL-2 promoter-enhancer, while overexpression of both GABP factors enhanced the IL-2 promoter-enhancer induction. Overexpression of BXB, a constitutive active version of c-Raf, and of further members of the Ras-Raf-Erk signal cascade exerted an increase of GABP-mediated promoter-enhancer induction. In conjunction with previously published data on c-Raf-induced phosphorylation of GABP factors (E. Flory, A. Hoffmeyer, U. Smola, U. R. Rapp, and J. T. Bruder, J. Virol. 70:2260-2268, 1996), these results indicate a contribution of GABP factors to the Raf-mediated enhancement of IL-2 induction during T-cell activation."}

    pubmed-sentences-benchmark

    {"project":"pubmed-sentences-benchmark","denotations":[{"id":"S1","span":{"begin":0,"end":120},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S2","span":{"begin":121,"end":289},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S3","span":{"begin":290,"end":397},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S4","span":{"begin":398,"end":496},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S5","span":{"begin":497,"end":752},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S6","span":{"begin":753,"end":933},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S7","span":{"begin":934,"end":1158},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S8","span":{"begin":1159,"end":1407},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S9","span":{"begin":1408,"end":1593},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S10","span":{"begin":1594,"end":1914},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"GABP factors bind to a distal interleukin 2 (IL-2) enhancer and contribute to c-Raf-mediated increase in IL-2 induction.\nTriggering of the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex activates two major signal cascades in T lymphocytes, (i) Ca2+-dependent signal cascades and (ii) protein kinase cascades. Both signal cascades contribute to the induction of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene during T-cell activation. Prominent protein kinase cascades are those that activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. We show here that c-Raf, which is at the helm of the classic MAP-Erk cascade, contributes to IL-2 induction through a distal enhancer element spanning the nucleotides from positions -502 to -413 in front of the transcriptional start site of the IL-2 gene. Induction of this distal IL-2 enhancer differs from induction of the proximal IL-2 promoter-enhancer, since it is induced by phorbol esters alone and independent from Ca2+ signals. In DNA-protein binding studies, we detected the binding of transcription factors GABP alpha and -beta to a dyad symmetry element (DSE) of the distal enhancer, which is formed by palindromic binding sites of Ets-like factors. Introduction of point mutations suppressing GABP binding to the DSE interfered with the induction of the distal enhancer and the entire IL-2 promoter-enhancer, while overexpression of both GABP factors enhanced the IL-2 promoter-enhancer induction. Overexpression of BXB, a constitutive active version of c-Raf, and of further members of the Ras-Raf-Erk signal cascade exerted an increase of GABP-mediated promoter-enhancer induction. In conjunction with previously published data on c-Raf-induced phosphorylation of GABP factors (E. Flory, A. Hoffmeyer, U. Smola, U. R. Rapp, and J. T. Bruder, J. Virol. 70:2260-2268, 1996), these results indicate a contribution of GABP factors to the Raf-mediated enhancement of IL-2 induction during T-cell activation."}

    genia-medco-coref

    {"project":"genia-medco-coref","denotations":[{"id":"C1","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C2","span":{"begin":21,"end":59},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C3","span":{"begin":105,"end":119},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C4","span":{"begin":177,"end":219},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C5","span":{"begin":221,"end":288},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C6","span":{"begin":290,"end":310},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C7","span":{"begin":342,"end":371},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C8","span":{"begin":379,"end":396},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C9","span":{"begin":398,"end":431},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C10","span":{"begin":436,"end":441},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C11","span":{"begin":442,"end":446},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C13","span":{"begin":515,"end":520},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C14","span":{"begin":522,"end":527},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C12","span":{"begin":515,"end":573},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C15","span":{"begin":590,"end":604},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C17","span":{"begin":738,"end":751},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C16","span":{"begin":613,"end":751},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C19","span":{"begin":766,"end":791},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C18","span":{"begin":753,"end":791},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C20","span":{"begin":818,"end":853},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C21","span":{"begin":861,"end":863},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C22","span":{"begin":993,"end":1035},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C24","span":{"begin":1072,"end":1091},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C25","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1098},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C23","span":{"begin":1039,"end":1157},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C26","span":{"begin":1219,"end":1226},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C28","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1279},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C27","span":{"begin":1243,"end":1279},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C29","span":{"begin":1343,"end":1360},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C30","span":{"begin":1426,"end":1429},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C32","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1469},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C31","span":{"begin":1431,"end":1469},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C33","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1688},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C34","span":{"begin":1826,"end":1838},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C35","span":{"begin":1874,"end":1888},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C36","span":{"begin":1896,"end":1913},"obj":"NP"}],"relations":[{"id":"R1","pred":"coref-appos","subj":"C5","obj":"C4"},{"id":"R2","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C6","obj":"C4"},{"id":"R3","pred":"coref-pron","subj":"C10","obj":"C9"},{"id":"R4","pred":"coref-relat","subj":"C11","obj":"C9"},{"id":"R5","pred":"coref-relat","subj":"C14","obj":"C13"},{"id":"R6","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C15","obj":"C3"},{"id":"R7","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C17","obj":"C7"},{"id":"R8","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C16","obj":"C2"},{"id":"R9","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C19","obj":"C16"},{"id":"R10","pred":"coref-pron","subj":"C21","obj":"C20"},{"id":"R11","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C24","obj":"C19"},{"id":"R12","pred":"coref-relat","subj":"C25","obj":"C24"},{"id":"R13","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C26","obj":"C23"},{"id":"R14","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C28","obj":"C24"},{"id":"R15","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C27","obj":"C18"},{"id":"R16","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C29","obj":"C22"},{"id":"R17","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C32","obj":"C12"},{"id":"R18","pred":"coref-appos","subj":"C31","obj":"C30"},{"id":"R19","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C33","obj":"C1"},{"id":"R20","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C34","obj":"C33"},{"id":"R21","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C35","obj":"C15"},{"id":"R22","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C36","obj":"C8"}],"text":"GABP factors bind to a distal interleukin 2 (IL-2) enhancer and contribute to c-Raf-mediated increase in IL-2 induction.\nTriggering of the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex activates two major signal cascades in T lymphocytes, (i) Ca2+-dependent signal cascades and (ii) protein kinase cascades. Both signal cascades contribute to the induction of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene during T-cell activation. Prominent protein kinase cascades are those that activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. We show here that c-Raf, which is at the helm of the classic MAP-Erk cascade, contributes to IL-2 induction through a distal enhancer element spanning the nucleotides from positions -502 to -413 in front of the transcriptional start site of the IL-2 gene. Induction of this distal IL-2 enhancer differs from induction of the proximal IL-2 promoter-enhancer, since it is induced by phorbol esters alone and independent from Ca2+ signals. In DNA-protein binding studies, we detected the binding of transcription factors GABP alpha and -beta to a dyad symmetry element (DSE) of the distal enhancer, which is formed by palindromic binding sites of Ets-like factors. Introduction of point mutations suppressing GABP binding to the DSE interfered with the induction of the distal enhancer and the entire IL-2 promoter-enhancer, while overexpression of both GABP factors enhanced the IL-2 promoter-enhancer induction. Overexpression of BXB, a constitutive active version of c-Raf, and of further members of the Ras-Raf-Erk signal cascade exerted an increase of GABP-mediated promoter-enhancer induction. In conjunction with previously published data on c-Raf-induced phosphorylation of GABP factors (E. Flory, A. Hoffmeyer, U. Smola, U. R. Rapp, and J. T. Bruder, J. Virol. 70:2260-2268, 1996), these results indicate a contribution of GABP factors to the Raf-mediated enhancement of IL-2 induction during T-cell activation."}

    GENIAcorpus

    {"project":"GENIAcorpus","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":23,"end":59},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":78,"end":83},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":105,"end":109},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":139,"end":166},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":206,"end":219},"obj":"cell_type"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":265,"end":279},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":295,"end":310},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":346,"end":361},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":361,"end":365},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":379,"end":396},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":408,"end":422},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":456,"end":495},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":515,"end":520},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":558,"end":562},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":562,"end":565},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":590,"end":594},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":615,"end":638},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":742,"end":746},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":771,"end":777},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":778,"end":782},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":822,"end":830},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":831,"end":835},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":878,"end":892},"obj":"other_organic_compound"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":920,"end":924},"obj":"atom"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":937,"end":964},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":993,"end":1014},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1041,"end":1062},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1067},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1091},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1137},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1157},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1175,"end":1190},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1226},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1279},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1299},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1348,"end":1360},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1378},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1426,"end":1429},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1469},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1501,"end":1504},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":1505,"end":1508},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":1509,"end":1512},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":1551,"end":1555},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":1643,"end":1648},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1688},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1826,"end":1838},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":1846,"end":1849},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1874,"end":1878},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1896,"end":1913},"obj":"other_name"}],"text":"GABP factors bind to a distal interleukin 2 (IL-2) enhancer and contribute to c-Raf-mediated increase in IL-2 induction.\nTriggering of the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex activates two major signal cascades in T lymphocytes, (i) Ca2+-dependent signal cascades and (ii) protein kinase cascades. Both signal cascades contribute to the induction of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene during T-cell activation. Prominent protein kinase cascades are those that activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. We show here that c-Raf, which is at the helm of the classic MAP-Erk cascade, contributes to IL-2 induction through a distal enhancer element spanning the nucleotides from positions -502 to -413 in front of the transcriptional start site of the IL-2 gene. Induction of this distal IL-2 enhancer differs from induction of the proximal IL-2 promoter-enhancer, since it is induced by phorbol esters alone and independent from Ca2+ signals. In DNA-protein binding studies, we detected the binding of transcription factors GABP alpha and -beta to a dyad symmetry element (DSE) of the distal enhancer, which is formed by palindromic binding sites of Ets-like factors. Introduction of point mutations suppressing GABP binding to the DSE interfered with the induction of the distal enhancer and the entire IL-2 promoter-enhancer, while overexpression of both GABP factors enhanced the IL-2 promoter-enhancer induction. Overexpression of BXB, a constitutive active version of c-Raf, and of further members of the Ras-Raf-Erk signal cascade exerted an increase of GABP-mediated promoter-enhancer induction. In conjunction with previously published data on c-Raf-induced phosphorylation of GABP factors (E. Flory, A. Hoffmeyer, U. Smola, U. R. Rapp, and J. T. Bruder, J. Virol. 70:2260-2268, 1996), these results indicate a contribution of GABP factors to the Raf-mediated enhancement of IL-2 induction during T-cell activation."}