PubMed:8605359
Annnotations
DisGeNET
{"project":"DisGeNET","denotations":[{"id":"T0","span":{"begin":101,"end":104},"obj":"gene:6900"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":54,"end":75},"obj":"disease:C0023493"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1806,"end":1824},"obj":"gene:1401"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1884,"end":1914},"obj":"disease:C0023493"}],"relations":[{"id":"R1","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T0","obj":"T1"},{"id":"R2","pred":"associated_with","subj":"T2","obj":"T3"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"gene","uri":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"disease","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/"}],"text":"Transactivation of the interleukin-1alpha promoter by human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II Tax proteins.\nHuman T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To analyze the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1alpha in HTLV-I-infected cell lines, we studied regulatory regions of the human IL-1alpha promoter involved in activation of the IL-1alpha gene. IL-1alpha promoter constructs drive transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in HTLV-I-positive MT-2 cells, which constitutively produce IL-1alpha. In a cotransfection assay, the Tax protein of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II specifically activated transcription from the IL-1alpha promoter in an uninfected Jurkat cell line. A mutant Tax protein deficient in transactivation of genes by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was unable to induce transcriptional activity of IL-1alpha promoter-CAT constructs, but was rescued by exogenous provision of p65/p50 NF-kappaB. We found that two IL-1alpha kappaB-like sites (positions -1,065 to -1,056 and +646 to +655) specifically formed a complex with NF-kappaB-containing nuclear extract from MT-2 cells and that NF-kappaB bound with higher affinity to the 3' NF-kappaB binding site than to the 5' NF-kappaB site. Moreover, deletion of either 5' or 3' NF-kappaB sites reduced IL-1alpha promoter activity in MT-2 cells and transactivation of the IL-1alpha promoter by exogenous NF-kappaB and Tax in Jurkat cells. These data suggest a general role for Tax induction of IL-1alpha gene transcription by the NF-kappaB pathway. Expression of IL-1alpha by HTLV-I productively infected cells may be important in the hypercalcemia, osteolytic bone lesions, neutrophilia, elevation of C-reactive protein, and fever frequently seen in patients with HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma."}
jnlpba-st-training
{"project":"jnlpba-st-training","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":23,"end":50},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":54,"end":113},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":115,"end":180},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":219,"end":237},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":239,"end":248},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":308,"end":317},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":321,"end":347},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":392,"end":410},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":441,"end":455},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":457,"end":486},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":514,"end":567},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":571,"end":597},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":628,"end":637},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":670,"end":681},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":755,"end":773},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":780,"end":807},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":818,"end":829},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":875,"end":901},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":959,"end":992},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1043},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1044,"end":1053},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1100},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1128},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1133,"end":1145},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1191},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1234},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1244,"end":1253},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1288,"end":1313},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1343},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1398},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1407,"end":1425},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1438,"end":1448},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1476,"end":1494},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1508,"end":1517},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1522,"end":1525},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1529,"end":1541},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1581,"end":1584},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1598,"end":1612},"obj":"DNA"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1634,"end":1643},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1667,"end":1676},"obj":"protein"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1700,"end":1714},"obj":"cell_type"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":1806,"end":1824},"obj":"protein"}],"text":"Transactivation of the interleukin-1alpha promoter by human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II Tax proteins.\nHuman T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To analyze the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1alpha in HTLV-I-infected cell lines, we studied regulatory regions of the human IL-1alpha promoter involved in activation of the IL-1alpha gene. IL-1alpha promoter constructs drive transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in HTLV-I-positive MT-2 cells, which constitutively produce IL-1alpha. In a cotransfection assay, the Tax protein of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II specifically activated transcription from the IL-1alpha promoter in an uninfected Jurkat cell line. A mutant Tax protein deficient in transactivation of genes by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was unable to induce transcriptional activity of IL-1alpha promoter-CAT constructs, but was rescued by exogenous provision of p65/p50 NF-kappaB. We found that two IL-1alpha kappaB-like sites (positions -1,065 to -1,056 and +646 to +655) specifically formed a complex with NF-kappaB-containing nuclear extract from MT-2 cells and that NF-kappaB bound with higher affinity to the 3' NF-kappaB binding site than to the 5' NF-kappaB site. Moreover, deletion of either 5' or 3' NF-kappaB sites reduced IL-1alpha promoter activity in MT-2 cells and transactivation of the IL-1alpha promoter by exogenous NF-kappaB and Tax in Jurkat cells. These data suggest a general role for Tax induction of IL-1alpha gene transcription by the NF-kappaB pathway. Expression of IL-1alpha by HTLV-I productively infected cells may be important in the hypercalcemia, osteolytic bone lesions, neutrophilia, elevation of C-reactive protein, and fever frequently seen in patients with HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma."}
DisGeNET5_gene_disease
{"project":"DisGeNET5_gene_disease","denotations":[{"id":"8605359-0#101#104#gene6900","span":{"begin":101,"end":104},"obj":"gene6900"},{"id":"8605359-0#54#75#diseaseC0023493","span":{"begin":54,"end":75},"obj":"diseaseC0023493"},{"id":"8605359-9#153#171#gene1401","span":{"begin":1806,"end":1824},"obj":"gene1401"},{"id":"8605359-9#231#261#diseaseC0023493","span":{"begin":1884,"end":1914},"obj":"diseaseC0023493"}],"relations":[{"id":"101#104#gene690054#75#diseaseC0023493","pred":"associated_with","subj":"8605359-0#101#104#gene6900","obj":"8605359-0#54#75#diseaseC0023493"},{"id":"153#171#gene1401231#261#diseaseC0023493","pred":"associated_with","subj":"8605359-9#153#171#gene1401","obj":"8605359-9#231#261#diseaseC0023493"}],"text":"Transactivation of the interleukin-1alpha promoter by human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II Tax proteins.\nHuman T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To analyze the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1alpha in HTLV-I-infected cell lines, we studied regulatory regions of the human IL-1alpha promoter involved in activation of the IL-1alpha gene. IL-1alpha promoter constructs drive transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in HTLV-I-positive MT-2 cells, which constitutively produce IL-1alpha. In a cotransfection assay, the Tax protein of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II specifically activated transcription from the IL-1alpha promoter in an uninfected Jurkat cell line. A mutant Tax protein deficient in transactivation of genes by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was unable to induce transcriptional activity of IL-1alpha promoter-CAT constructs, but was rescued by exogenous provision of p65/p50 NF-kappaB. We found that two IL-1alpha kappaB-like sites (positions -1,065 to -1,056 and +646 to +655) specifically formed a complex with NF-kappaB-containing nuclear extract from MT-2 cells and that NF-kappaB bound with higher affinity to the 3' NF-kappaB binding site than to the 5' NF-kappaB site. Moreover, deletion of either 5' or 3' NF-kappaB sites reduced IL-1alpha promoter activity in MT-2 cells and transactivation of the IL-1alpha promoter by exogenous NF-kappaB and Tax in Jurkat cells. These data suggest a general role for Tax induction of IL-1alpha gene transcription by the NF-kappaB pathway. Expression of IL-1alpha by HTLV-I productively infected cells may be important in the hypercalcemia, osteolytic bone lesions, neutrophilia, elevation of C-reactive protein, and fever frequently seen in patients with HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma."}
pubmed-sentences-benchmark
{"project":"pubmed-sentences-benchmark","denotations":[{"id":"S1","span":{"begin":0,"end":114},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S2","span":{"begin":115,"end":250},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S3","span":{"begin":251,"end":456},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S4","span":{"begin":457,"end":638},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S5","span":{"begin":639,"end":808},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S6","span":{"begin":809,"end":1054},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S7","span":{"begin":1055,"end":1344},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S8","span":{"begin":1345,"end":1542},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S9","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1652},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"S10","span":{"begin":1653,"end":1915},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"Transactivation of the interleukin-1alpha promoter by human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II Tax proteins.\nHuman T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To analyze the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1alpha in HTLV-I-infected cell lines, we studied regulatory regions of the human IL-1alpha promoter involved in activation of the IL-1alpha gene. IL-1alpha promoter constructs drive transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in HTLV-I-positive MT-2 cells, which constitutively produce IL-1alpha. In a cotransfection assay, the Tax protein of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II specifically activated transcription from the IL-1alpha promoter in an uninfected Jurkat cell line. A mutant Tax protein deficient in transactivation of genes by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was unable to induce transcriptional activity of IL-1alpha promoter-CAT constructs, but was rescued by exogenous provision of p65/p50 NF-kappaB. We found that two IL-1alpha kappaB-like sites (positions -1,065 to -1,056 and +646 to +655) specifically formed a complex with NF-kappaB-containing nuclear extract from MT-2 cells and that NF-kappaB bound with higher affinity to the 3' NF-kappaB binding site than to the 5' NF-kappaB site. Moreover, deletion of either 5' or 3' NF-kappaB sites reduced IL-1alpha promoter activity in MT-2 cells and transactivation of the IL-1alpha promoter by exogenous NF-kappaB and Tax in Jurkat cells. These data suggest a general role for Tax induction of IL-1alpha gene transcription by the NF-kappaB pathway. Expression of IL-1alpha by HTLV-I productively infected cells may be important in the hypercalcemia, osteolytic bone lesions, neutrophilia, elevation of C-reactive protein, and fever frequently seen in patients with HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma."}
genia-medco-coref
{"project":"genia-medco-coref","denotations":[{"id":"C2","span":{"begin":19,"end":50},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C1","span":{"begin":0,"end":50},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C4","span":{"begin":54,"end":88},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C3","span":{"begin":54,"end":113},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C6","span":{"begin":115,"end":159},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C5","span":{"begin":115,"end":180},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C7","span":{"begin":219,"end":249},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C8","span":{"begin":262,"end":276},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C9","span":{"begin":277,"end":281},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C10","span":{"begin":308,"end":317},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C12","span":{"begin":321,"end":328},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C11","span":{"begin":321,"end":347},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C13","span":{"begin":382,"end":410},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C14","span":{"begin":437,"end":455},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C15","span":{"begin":457,"end":475},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C17","span":{"begin":571,"end":578},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C16","span":{"begin":571,"end":597},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C18","span":{"begin":599,"end":604},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C19","span":{"begin":628,"end":637},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C20","span":{"begin":666,"end":708},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C21","span":{"begin":751,"end":773},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C22","span":{"begin":871,"end":909},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C23","span":{"begin":959,"end":978},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C24","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1234},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C25","span":{"begin":1438,"end":1448},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C27","span":{"begin":1472,"end":1494},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C26","span":{"begin":1453,"end":1494},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C28","span":{"begin":1630,"end":1651},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C29","span":{"begin":1667,"end":1676},"obj":"NP"},{"id":"C30","span":{"begin":1869,"end":1876},"obj":"NP"}],"relations":[{"id":"R1","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C6","obj":"C4"},{"id":"R2","pred":"coref-relat","subj":"C9","obj":"C8"},{"id":"R3","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C10","obj":"C7"},{"id":"R4","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C12","obj":"C5"},{"id":"R5","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C11","obj":"C6"},{"id":"R6","pred":"coref-xxx","subj":"C13","obj":"C2"},{"id":"R7","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C14","obj":"C10"},{"id":"R8","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C15","obj":"C13"},{"id":"R9","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C17","obj":"C11"},{"id":"R10","pred":"coref-relat","subj":"C18","obj":"C16"},{"id":"R11","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C19","obj":"C10"},{"id":"R12","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C20","obj":"C3"},{"id":"R13","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C21","obj":"C15"},{"id":"R14","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C23","obj":"C21"},{"id":"R15","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C25","obj":"C24"},{"id":"R16","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C27","obj":"C21"},{"id":"R17","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C26","obj":"C1"},{"id":"R18","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C28","obj":"C22"},{"id":"R19","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C29","obj":"C19"},{"id":"R20","pred":"coref-ident","subj":"C30","obj":"C11"}],"text":"Transactivation of the interleukin-1alpha promoter by human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II Tax proteins.\nHuman T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To analyze the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1alpha in HTLV-I-infected cell lines, we studied regulatory regions of the human IL-1alpha promoter involved in activation of the IL-1alpha gene. IL-1alpha promoter constructs drive transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in HTLV-I-positive MT-2 cells, which constitutively produce IL-1alpha. In a cotransfection assay, the Tax protein of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II specifically activated transcription from the IL-1alpha promoter in an uninfected Jurkat cell line. A mutant Tax protein deficient in transactivation of genes by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was unable to induce transcriptional activity of IL-1alpha promoter-CAT constructs, but was rescued by exogenous provision of p65/p50 NF-kappaB. We found that two IL-1alpha kappaB-like sites (positions -1,065 to -1,056 and +646 to +655) specifically formed a complex with NF-kappaB-containing nuclear extract from MT-2 cells and that NF-kappaB bound with higher affinity to the 3' NF-kappaB binding site than to the 5' NF-kappaB site. Moreover, deletion of either 5' or 3' NF-kappaB sites reduced IL-1alpha promoter activity in MT-2 cells and transactivation of the IL-1alpha promoter by exogenous NF-kappaB and Tax in Jurkat cells. These data suggest a general role for Tax induction of IL-1alpha gene transcription by the NF-kappaB pathway. Expression of IL-1alpha by HTLV-I productively infected cells may be important in the hypercalcemia, osteolytic bone lesions, neutrophilia, elevation of C-reactive protein, and fever frequently seen in patients with HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma."}
GENIAcorpus
{"project":"GENIAcorpus","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":23,"end":50},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":115,"end":149},"obj":"virus"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":151,"end":157},"obj":"virus"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":219,"end":237},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":239,"end":248},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":308,"end":317},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":321,"end":327},"obj":"virus"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":392,"end":401},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":441,"end":450},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":457,"end":486},"obj":"DNA_family_or_group"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":514,"end":547},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":571,"end":577},"obj":"virus"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":628,"end":637},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":670,"end":681},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":690,"end":696},"obj":"virus"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":701,"end":708},"obj":"virus"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":755,"end":764},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":780,"end":807},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":818,"end":829},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":875,"end":901},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":959,"end":968},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1043},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1044,"end":1053},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1082},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1128},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1133,"end":1145},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1191},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1234},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1244,"end":1253},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1288,"end":1290},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1291,"end":1300},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1328},"obj":"DNA_domain_or_region"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1329,"end":1338},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1407,"end":1416},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1438,"end":1448},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1476,"end":1485},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1508,"end":1517},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1522,"end":1525},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1529,"end":1541},"obj":"cell_line"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1581,"end":1584},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1598,"end":1607},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":1634,"end":1643},"obj":"protein_complex"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":1667,"end":1676},"obj":"protein_molecule"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":1680,"end":1686},"obj":"virus"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":1700,"end":1714},"obj":"cell_type"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":1739,"end":1752},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1754,"end":1777},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":1779,"end":1791},"obj":"other_name"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1806,"end":1824},"obj":"protein_family_or_group"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1869,"end":1875},"obj":"virus"}],"text":"Transactivation of the interleukin-1alpha promoter by human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II Tax proteins.\nHuman T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To analyze the mechanisms that lead to the expression of IL-1alpha in HTLV-I-infected cell lines, we studied regulatory regions of the human IL-1alpha promoter involved in activation of the IL-1alpha gene. IL-1alpha promoter constructs drive transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene in HTLV-I-positive MT-2 cells, which constitutively produce IL-1alpha. In a cotransfection assay, the Tax protein of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II specifically activated transcription from the IL-1alpha promoter in an uninfected Jurkat cell line. A mutant Tax protein deficient in transactivation of genes by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was unable to induce transcriptional activity of IL-1alpha promoter-CAT constructs, but was rescued by exogenous provision of p65/p50 NF-kappaB. We found that two IL-1alpha kappaB-like sites (positions -1,065 to -1,056 and +646 to +655) specifically formed a complex with NF-kappaB-containing nuclear extract from MT-2 cells and that NF-kappaB bound with higher affinity to the 3' NF-kappaB binding site than to the 5' NF-kappaB site. Moreover, deletion of either 5' or 3' NF-kappaB sites reduced IL-1alpha promoter activity in MT-2 cells and transactivation of the IL-1alpha promoter by exogenous NF-kappaB and Tax in Jurkat cells. These data suggest a general role for Tax induction of IL-1alpha gene transcription by the NF-kappaB pathway. Expression of IL-1alpha by HTLV-I productively infected cells may be important in the hypercalcemia, osteolytic bone lesions, neutrophilia, elevation of C-reactive protein, and fever frequently seen in patients with HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma."}