PubMed:8288592
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PubMed/sourceid/8288592","sourcedb":"PubMed","sourceid":"8288592","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8288592","text":"Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide is an extraordinarily potent intra-pancreatic regulator of insulin secretion from islet beta-cells.\nInsulin secretion from pancreatic islets is controlled by peptides as well as by nutrients. We report here a novel, extraordinarily potent peptidergic regulation of insulin secretion. A 27-residue form of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP27) as low as 10(-14) to 10(-13) M stimulated insulin release from rat islets in a glucose-dependent manner. PACAP27 also increased cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in islet beta-cells. Nitrendipine, a blocker of the L-type Ca2+ channel, abolished both [Ca2+]i and insulin responses. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a peptide exhibiting 68% amino acid homology with PACAP, also increased [Ca2+]i in beta-cells but only at concentrations in the nanomolar range, indicating that PACAP27 is 4 logs more potent. A 38-residue form of the peptide (PACAP38) stimulated insulin release and increased beta-cell [Ca2+]i in a manner similar to that of PACAP27. PACAP-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in pancreatic nerve fibers, islets, and capillaries. The results indicate that PACAP is a physiologically occurring peptide in pancreas and that PACAP, in a glucose-dependent manner, activates beta-cells presumably via a high affinity PACAP-selective receptor, raises [Ca2+]i by increasing the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels, and consequently stimulates insulin release. PACAP appears to be by far the most potent insulinotropic peptide known.","tracks":[{"project":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Image","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":496,"end":503},"obj":"Glycan_Motif"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1282},"obj":"Glycan_Motif"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"image","subj":"T1","obj":"https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G15021LG"},{"id":"A2","pred":"image","subj":"T2","obj":"https://api.glycosmos.org/wurcs2image/0.10.0/png/binary/G15021LG"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Image"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Image"}]},{"project":"sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":150},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":151,"end":242},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":243,"end":334},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":335,"end":521},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":522,"end":609},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":610,"end":707},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":708,"end":930},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":931,"end":1072},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1170},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1171,"end":1490},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1491,"end":1563},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":150},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":151,"end":242},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":243,"end":334},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":335,"end":521},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":522,"end":609},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":610,"end":707},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":708,"end":930},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":931,"end":1072},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1170},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1171,"end":1490},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1491,"end":1563},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"sentences"}]},{"project":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Structure","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":496,"end":503},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1282},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Structure"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Structure"}]},{"project":"Glycosmos6-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":9},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000077"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":174,"end":191},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000076"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":356,"end":365},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000077"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":719,"end":729},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000043"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1253},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000075"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"Glycosmos6-MAT"}]},{"project":"mondo_disease","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":9},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":356,"end":365},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1253},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021156"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021156"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021040"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"mondo_disease"}]},{"project":"NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":480,"end":483},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"10114"},{"id":"A2","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"10116"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"NCBITAXON"}]},{"project":"Anatomy-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":9},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":174,"end":191},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":356,"end":365},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1024},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1132,"end":1144},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1253},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000007"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000006"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000007"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000169"},{"id":"A5","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006134"},{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001264"},{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3011040"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-UBERON"}]},{"project":"Anatomy-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":9},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":174,"end":191},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":356,"end":365},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":719,"end":729},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1245,"end":1253},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000077"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000076"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000077"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000043"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000075"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"Anatomy-MAT"}]},{"project":"CL-cell","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":139,"end":149},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":598,"end":608},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":822,"end":832},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1024},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1311,"end":1321},"obj":"Cell"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000169"},{"id":"A2","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000639"},{"id":"A3","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000169"},{"id":"A4","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000639"},{"id":"A5","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000169"},{"id":"A6","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000639"},{"id":"A7","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000169"},{"id":"A8","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000639"},{"id":"A9","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000169"},{"id":"A10","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000639"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"CL-cell"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Image","color":"#cdec93","default":true},{"id":"sentences","color":"#ec93e7"},{"id":"GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Structure","color":"#93ecd7"},{"id":"Glycosmos6-MAT","color":"#ecbc93"},{"id":"mondo_disease","color":"#a293ec"},{"id":"NCBITAXON","color":"#9dec93"},{"id":"Anatomy-UBERON","color":"#ec93b7"},{"id":"Anatomy-MAT","color":"#93d1ec"},{"id":"CL-cell","color":"#ebec93"}]}]}}