PubMed:37950443 JSON TXT

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GlyCosmos15-Glycan

mondo_disease

Glycan-GlyCosmos

GlyCosmos-GlycoEpitope

GlyCosmos15-UBERON

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":17,"end":22},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":290,"end":295},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

GlyCosmos15-MONDO

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":172,"end":182},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":183,"end":193},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":210,"end":218},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":358,"end":368},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":369,"end":379},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":454,"end":464},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":478,"end":488},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":867,"end":877},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":973,"end":983},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1223},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1237,"end":1247},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1405,"end":1413},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1559,"end":1567},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1708,"end":1718},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1767,"end":1775},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"MONDO:0005550"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"MONDO:0005550"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"MONDO:0100096"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"MONDO:0100096"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"MONDO","uri":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

GlyCosmos15-Taxon

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-Taxon","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":172,"end":180},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":358,"end":366},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":454,"end":462},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":478,"end":486},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":867,"end":875},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":973,"end":981},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1221},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1237,"end":1245},"obj":"Organism"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1708,"end":1716},"obj":"Organism"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A2","pred":"db_id","subj":"T2","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A3","pred":"db_id","subj":"T3","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A4","pred":"db_id","subj":"T4","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A5","pred":"db_id","subj":"T5","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A6","pred":"db_id","subj":"T6","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A7","pred":"db_id","subj":"T7","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A8","pred":"db_id","subj":"T8","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A9","pred":"db_id","subj":"T9","obj":"694009"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

GlyCosmos15-Sentences

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-Sentences","blocks":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":124},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":125,"end":237},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":238,"end":408},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":409,"end":650},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":651,"end":857},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":858,"end":1011},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1012,"end":1026},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1095},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1096,"end":1269},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1427},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1428,"end":1581},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1582,"end":1594},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1595,"end":1619},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1620,"end":1776},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

GlyCosmos15-GlycoEpitope

GlyCosmos15-FMA

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-FMA","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":17,"end":22},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":290,"end":295},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"FMA:9670"},{"id":"A2","pred":"db_id","subj":"T2","obj":"FMA:9670"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"FMA","uri":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

GlyCosmos15-MAT

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":17,"end":22},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":290,"end":295},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000315"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000315"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

NCBITAXON

{"project":"NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":172,"end":180},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":358,"end":366},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":454,"end":462},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":478,"end":486},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":867,"end":875},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":973,"end":981},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1221},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1237,"end":1245},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1708,"end":1716},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A2","pred":"db_id","subj":"T2","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A3","pred":"db_id","subj":"T3","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A4","pred":"db_id","subj":"T4","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A5","pred":"db_id","subj":"T5","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A6","pred":"db_id","subj":"T6","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A7","pred":"db_id","subj":"T7","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A8","pred":"db_id","subj":"T8","obj":"694009"},{"id":"A9","pred":"db_id","subj":"T9","obj":"694009"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

Anatomy-MAT

{"project":"Anatomy-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":17,"end":22},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":290,"end":295},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000083"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000315"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000083"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000315"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}

Anatomy-UBERON

{"project":"Anatomy-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":17,"end":22},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":290,"end":295},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"}],"text":"Lewis a-b- histo-blood group antigen phenotype is predictive of severe COVID-19 in the black South African population group.\nSeveral risk factors have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of COVID-19 disease it causes. This study investigated whether variations in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression can predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infections and severity of the disease. Nasopharyngeal swabs, randomly selected from SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, were tested for Lewis and H-type 1 HBGA phenotypes by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specific to Lewis a, Lewis b and H type 1 antigens. The most common Lewis HBGA phenotype among all study participants was Lewis a-b+ (46%), followed by Lewis a-b- (24%), Lewis a+b- and Lewis a+b+ (15% each), while 55% of the study participants were H-type 1. Although SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals had a lower likelihood of having a Lewis a-b- phenotype compared to their SARS-CoV-2 positives counterparts (OR: 0.53, 95% C.I: 0.255-1.113), it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055). The frequency of Lewis a+b+, Lewis a+B-, Lewis a-b+, H type 1 positive and H type 1 negative were consistent between SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals. When stratified according to severity of the disease, individuals with Lewis a+b- phenotype had a higher likelihood of developing mild COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 3.27, 95% CI; 0.9604-11.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.055), while Lewis a-b- phenotype was predictive of severe COVID-19 symptoms (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.274-14.81), P = 0.016. In conclusion, individuals with Lewis a-b- phenotype were less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, but when infected, they were at risk of severe COVID-19."}