PubMed:32234451
Annnotations
LitCovid-OGER-BB
{"project":"LitCovid-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":8},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":10,"end":14},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":19,"end":23},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":78,"end":89},"obj":"NCBITaxon:11118"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":91,"end":101},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":112,"end":117},"obj":"SP_6"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":112,"end":117},"obj":"NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":118,"end":129},"obj":"NCBITaxon:11118"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":249,"end":260},"obj":"NCBITaxon:11118"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":270,"end":278},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":301,"end":312},"obj":"UBERON:0001004"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":363,"end":374},"obj":"UBERON:0001004"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":438,"end":449},"obj":"UBERON:0001004"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":460,"end":464},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":486,"end":497},"obj":"UBERON:0001004"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":508,"end":512},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":515,"end":523},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":767,"end":775},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":777,"end":781},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":786,"end":790},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":858,"end":866},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":966,"end":970},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":975,"end":979},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1000,"end":1008},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1049},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1139},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1171},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1261,"end":1262},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1309,"end":1313},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1322},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1341,"end":1353},"obj":"GO:0000003"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1377},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1460},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1487,"end":1491},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1503,"end":1519},"obj":"UBERON:0001555"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1555},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1589,"end":1597},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1602,"end":1610},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1731},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":1873,"end":1877},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1882,"end":1886},"obj":"SP_9"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"NCBITaxon","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"}],"text":"COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?\nBACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries with cases reported worldwide. This novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which have not been completely understood to date.\nOBJECTIVES: We provide a review of the differences in terms of pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features between COVID-19, SARS and MERS.\nSOURCES: The most recent literature in English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics.\nCONTENT: COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than SARS (9.5%) and much lower than MERS (34.4%). It cannot be excluded that because of the COVID-19 less severe clinical picture it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than MERS (\u003c1),. The gastrointestinal route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which has been also assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs to be further investigated.\nIMPLICATIONS: There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and capacity of spreading on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons to face this new global threat."}
LitCovid-sentences-v1
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences-v1","denotations":[{"id":"TextSentencer_T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":50},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T2","span":{"begin":51,"end":62},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T3","span":{"begin":63,"end":237},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T4","span":{"begin":238,"end":400},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T5","span":{"begin":401,"end":646},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T6","span":{"begin":647,"end":658},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T7","span":{"begin":659,"end":791},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T8","span":{"begin":792,"end":800},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T9","span":{"begin":801,"end":990},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T10","span":{"begin":991,"end":1082},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T11","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1180},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T12","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1323},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T13","span":{"begin":1324,"end":1409},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T14","span":{"begin":1410,"end":1498},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T15","span":{"begin":1499,"end":1669},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T16","span":{"begin":1670,"end":1683},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T17","span":{"begin":1684,"end":1812},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"TextSentencer_T18","span":{"begin":1813,"end":1958},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?\nBACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries with cases reported worldwide. This novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which have not been completely understood to date.\nOBJECTIVES: We provide a review of the differences in terms of pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features between COVID-19, SARS and MERS.\nSOURCES: The most recent literature in English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics.\nCONTENT: COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than SARS (9.5%) and much lower than MERS (34.4%). It cannot be excluded that because of the COVID-19 less severe clinical picture it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than MERS (\u003c1),. The gastrointestinal route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which has been also assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs to be further investigated.\nIMPLICATIONS: There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and capacity of spreading on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons to face this new global threat."}
LitCovid-TimeML
{"project":"LitCovid-TimeML","denotations":[{"id":"tok1","span":{"begin":0,"end":6},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok2","span":{"begin":6,"end":8},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok3","span":{"begin":8,"end":9},"obj":","},{"id":"tok4","span":{"begin":10,"end":14},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok5","span":{"begin":15,"end":18},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok6","span":{"begin":19,"end":23},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok7","span":{"begin":23,"end":24},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok8","span":{"begin":25,"end":28},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"tok9","span":{"begin":29,"end":33},"obj":"PRP"},{"id":"tok10","span":{"begin":34,"end":41},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok11","span":{"begin":42,"end":49},"obj":"VBD"},{"id":"tok12","span":{"begin":49,"end":50},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok13","span":{"begin":51,"end":61},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok14","span":{"begin":61,"end":62},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok15","span":{"begin":63,"end":66},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok16","span":{"begin":67,"end":71},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok17","span":{"begin":72,"end":77},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok18","span":{"begin":78,"end":89},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok19","span":{"begin":90,"end":91},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok20","span":{"begin":91,"end":100},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok21","span":{"begin":100,"end":101},"obj":"LS"},{"id":"tok22","span":{"begin":101,"end":102},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok23","span":{"begin":103,"end":105},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok24","span":{"begin":106,"end":107},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok25","span":{"begin":108,"end":111},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok26","span":{"begin":112,"end":117},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok27","span":{"begin":118,"end":129},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok28","span":{"begin":130,"end":135},"obj":"WDT"},{"id":"tok29","span":{"begin":136,"end":138},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok30","span":{"begin":139,"end":148},"obj":"VBG"},{"id":"tok31","span":{"begin":149,"end":153},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok32","span":{"begin":154,"end":162},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok33","span":{"begin":163,"end":171},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok34","span":{"begin":172,"end":174},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok35","span":{"begin":175,"end":180},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok36","span":{"begin":181,"end":184},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok37","span":{"begin":185,"end":190},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok38","span":{"begin":191,"end":196},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok39","span":{"begin":197,"end":206},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok40","span":{"begin":207,"end":211},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok41","span":{"begin":212,"end":217},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok42","span":{"begin":218,"end":226},"obj":"VBD"},{"id":"tok43","span":{"begin":227,"end":236},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok44","span":{"begin":236,"end":237},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok45","span":{"begin":238,"end":242},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok46","span":{"begin":243,"end":248},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok47","span":{"begin":249,"end":260},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok48","span":{"begin":261,"end":268},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok49","span":{"begin":269,"end":270},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok50","span":{"begin":270,"end":276},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok51","span":{"begin":276,"end":278},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok52","span":{"begin":278,"end":279},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok53","span":{"begin":280,"end":282},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok54","span":{"begin":283,"end":293},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok55","span":{"begin":294,"end":298},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok56","span":{"begin":299,"end":300},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok57","span":{"begin":301,"end":312},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok58","span":{"begin":313,"end":320},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok59","span":{"begin":321,"end":325},"obj":"WDT"},{"id":"tok60","span":{"begin":326,"end":329},"obj":"MD"},{"id":"tok61","span":{"begin":330,"end":335},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok62","span":{"begin":336,"end":342},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok63","span":{"begin":343,"end":352},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok64","span":{"begin":353,"end":356},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok65","span":{"begin":357,"end":362},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok66","span":{"begin":363,"end":374},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok67","span":{"begin":375,"end":383},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok68","span":{"begin":384,"end":392},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok69","span":{"begin":393,"end":394},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok70","span":{"begin":394,"end":398},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok71","span":{"begin":398,"end":399},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok72","span":{"begin":399,"end":400},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok73","span":{"begin":401,"end":409},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok74","span":{"begin":410,"end":417},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok75","span":{"begin":418,"end":420},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"tok76","span":{"begin":421,"end":424},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok77","span":{"begin":425,"end":431},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok78","span":{"begin":432,"end":437},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok79","span":{"begin":438,"end":449},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok80","span":{"begin":450,"end":458},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok81","span":{"begin":459,"end":460},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok82","span":{"begin":460,"end":464},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok83","span":{"begin":464,"end":465},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok84","span":{"begin":466,"end":469},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok85","span":{"begin":470,"end":473},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok86","span":{"begin":474,"end":480},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok87","span":{"begin":481,"end":485},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok88","span":{"begin":486,"end":497},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok89","span":{"begin":498,"end":506},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok90","span":{"begin":507,"end":508},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok91","span":{"begin":508,"end":512},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok92","span":{"begin":512,"end":513},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok93","span":{"begin":513,"end":514},"obj":","},{"id":"tok94","span":{"begin":515,"end":521},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok95","span":{"begin":521,"end":523},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok96","span":{"begin":524,"end":529},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok97","span":{"begin":530,"end":534},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok98","span":{"begin":535,"end":543},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok99","span":{"begin":544,"end":556},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok100","span":{"begin":556,"end":557},"obj":","},{"id":"tok101","span":{"begin":558,"end":573},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok102","span":{"begin":574,"end":577},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok103","span":{"begin":578,"end":586},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok104","span":{"begin":587,"end":595},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok105","span":{"begin":596,"end":601},"obj":"WDT"},{"id":"tok106","span":{"begin":602,"end":606},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"tok107","span":{"begin":607,"end":610},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok108","span":{"begin":611,"end":615},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok109","span":{"begin":616,"end":626},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok110","span":{"begin":627,"end":637},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok111","span":{"begin":638,"end":640},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"tok112","span":{"begin":641,"end":645},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok113","span":{"begin":645,"end":646},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok114","span":{"begin":647,"end":657},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok115","span":{"begin":657,"end":658},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok116","span":{"begin":659,"end":661},"obj":"PRP"},{"id":"tok117","span":{"begin":662,"end":669},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"tok118","span":{"begin":670,"end":671},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok119","span":{"begin":672,"end":678},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok120","span":{"begin":679,"end":681},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok121","span":{"begin":682,"end":685},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok122","span":{"begin":686,"end":697},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok123","span":{"begin":698,"end":700},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok124","span":{"begin":701,"end":706},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok125","span":{"begin":707,"end":709},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok126","span":{"begin":710,"end":722},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok127","span":{"begin":722,"end":723},"obj":","},{"id":"tok128","span":{"begin":724,"end":736},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok129","span":{"begin":737,"end":740},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok130","span":{"begin":741,"end":749},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok131","span":{"begin":750,"end":758},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok132","span":{"begin":759,"end":766},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok133","span":{"begin":767,"end":773},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok134","span":{"begin":773,"end":775},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok135","span":{"begin":775,"end":776},"obj":","},{"id":"tok136","span":{"begin":777,"end":781},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok137","span":{"begin":782,"end":785},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok138","span":{"begin":786,"end":790},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok139","span":{"begin":790,"end":791},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok140","span":{"begin":792,"end":799},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok141","span":{"begin":799,"end":800},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok142","span":{"begin":801,"end":804},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok143","span":{"begin":805,"end":809},"obj":"RBS"},{"id":"tok144","span":{"begin":810,"end":816},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok145","span":{"begin":817,"end":827},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok146","span":{"begin":828,"end":830},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok147","span":{"begin":831,"end":838},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok148","span":{"begin":839,"end":847},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok149","span":{"begin":848,"end":857},"obj":"VBG"},{"id":"tok150","span":{"begin":858,"end":864},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok151","span":{"begin":864,"end":866},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok152","span":{"begin":867,"end":870},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok153","span":{"begin":871,"end":875},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok154","span":{"begin":876,"end":884},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok155","span":{"begin":885,"end":888},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok156","span":{"begin":889,"end":898},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok157","span":{"begin":899,"end":903},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok158","span":{"begin":904,"end":908},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"tok159","span":{"begin":909,"end":913},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok160","span":{"begin":914,"end":922},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok161","span":{"begin":923,"end":927},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok162","span":{"begin":928,"end":931},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok163","span":{"begin":932,"end":939},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok164","span":{"begin":940,"end":950},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok165","span":{"begin":951,"end":959},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok166","span":{"begin":960,"end":965},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok167","span":{"begin":966,"end":970},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok168","span":{"begin":971,"end":974},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok169","span":{"begin":975,"end":979},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok170","span":{"begin":980,"end":989},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok171","span":{"begin":989,"end":990},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok172","span":{"begin":991,"end":998},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok173","span":{"begin":998,"end":999},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok174","span":{"begin":1000,"end":1006},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok175","span":{"begin":1006,"end":1008},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok176","span":{"begin":1009,"end":1014},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok177","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1018},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok178","span":{"begin":1019,"end":1021},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"tok179","span":{"begin":1022,"end":1024},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok180","span":{"begin":1025,"end":1029},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok181","span":{"begin":1030,"end":1039},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok182","span":{"begin":1040,"end":1044},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok183","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1049},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok184","span":{"begin":1050,"end":1059},"obj":"VBG"},{"id":"tok185","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1063},"obj":"PRP$"},{"id":"tok186","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1072},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok187","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1081},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok188","span":{"begin":1081,"end":1082},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok189","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1090},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok190","span":{"begin":1090,"end":1091},"obj":","},{"id":"tok191","span":{"begin":1092,"end":1094},"obj":"PRP"},{"id":"tok192","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1098},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok193","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1100},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok194","span":{"begin":1101,"end":1109},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok195","span":{"begin":1110,"end":1114},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok196","span":{"begin":1115,"end":1117},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok197","span":{"begin":1118,"end":1119},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok198","span":{"begin":1119,"end":1120},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok199","span":{"begin":1120,"end":1121},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok200","span":{"begin":1121,"end":1122},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok201","span":{"begin":1122,"end":1123},"obj":","},{"id":"tok202","span":{"begin":1124,"end":1129},"obj":"JJR"},{"id":"tok203","span":{"begin":1130,"end":1134},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok204","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1139},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok205","span":{"begin":1140,"end":1141},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok206","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1142},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok207","span":{"begin":1142,"end":1143},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok208","span":{"begin":1143,"end":1144},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok209","span":{"begin":1144,"end":1145},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok210","span":{"begin":1145,"end":1146},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok211","span":{"begin":1147,"end":1150},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok212","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1155},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok213","span":{"begin":1156,"end":1161},"obj":"JJR"},{"id":"tok214","span":{"begin":1162,"end":1166},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok215","span":{"begin":1167,"end":1171},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok216","span":{"begin":1172,"end":1173},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok217","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1175},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok218","span":{"begin":1175,"end":1176},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok219","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1177},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok220","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1178},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok221","span":{"begin":1178,"end":1179},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok222","span":{"begin":1179,"end":1180},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok223","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1183},"obj":"PRP"},{"id":"tok224","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1193},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok225","span":{"begin":1194,"end":1202},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok226","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1207},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok227","span":{"begin":1208,"end":1215},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok228","span":{"begin":1216,"end":1218},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok229","span":{"begin":1219,"end":1222},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok230","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1229},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok231","span":{"begin":1229,"end":1231},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok232","span":{"begin":1232,"end":1236},"obj":"RBR"},{"id":"tok233","span":{"begin":1237,"end":1243},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok234","span":{"begin":1244,"end":1252},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok235","span":{"begin":1253,"end":1260},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok236","span":{"begin":1261,"end":1263},"obj":"PRP"},{"id":"tok237","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1267},"obj":"MD"},{"id":"tok238","span":{"begin":1268,"end":1274},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok239","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1277},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok240","span":{"begin":1278,"end":1281},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok241","span":{"begin":1282,"end":1291},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok242","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1296},"obj":"RBR"},{"id":"tok243","span":{"begin":1297,"end":1303},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok244","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1308},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok245","span":{"begin":1309,"end":1313},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok246","span":{"begin":1314,"end":1317},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok247","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1322},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok248","span":{"begin":1322,"end":1323},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok249","span":{"begin":1324,"end":1327},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok250","span":{"begin":1328,"end":1334},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok251","span":{"begin":1335,"end":1340},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok252","span":{"begin":1341,"end":1353},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok253","span":{"begin":1354,"end":1360},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok254","span":{"begin":1361,"end":1362},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok255","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1363},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok256","span":{"begin":1363,"end":1364},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok257","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1365},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok258","span":{"begin":1366,"end":1368},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok259","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1375},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok260","span":{"begin":1375,"end":1377},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok261","span":{"begin":1378,"end":1379},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok262","span":{"begin":1379,"end":1380},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok263","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1381},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok264","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1382},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok265","span":{"begin":1382,"end":1383},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok266","span":{"begin":1383,"end":1384},"obj":"LS"},{"id":"tok267","span":{"begin":1384,"end":1385},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok268","span":{"begin":1386,"end":1388},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok269","span":{"begin":1389,"end":1394},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok270","span":{"begin":1395,"end":1408},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok271","span":{"begin":1408,"end":1409},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok272","span":{"begin":1410,"end":1412},"obj":"PRP"},{"id":"tok273","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1415},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok274","span":{"begin":1416,"end":1424},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok275","span":{"begin":1425,"end":1433},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok276","span":{"begin":1434,"end":1440},"obj":"JJR"},{"id":"tok277","span":{"begin":1441,"end":1445},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok278","span":{"begin":1446,"end":1449},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok279","span":{"begin":1450,"end":1451},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok280","span":{"begin":1451,"end":1452},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok281","span":{"begin":1453,"end":1455},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok282","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1460},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok283","span":{"begin":1461,"end":1462},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok284","span":{"begin":1462,"end":1463},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok285","span":{"begin":1463,"end":1464},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok286","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1465},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok287","span":{"begin":1465,"end":1466},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok288","span":{"begin":1466,"end":1467},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok289","span":{"begin":1467,"end":1468},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok290","span":{"begin":1468,"end":1469},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok291","span":{"begin":1469,"end":1470},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok292","span":{"begin":1471,"end":1474},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok293","span":{"begin":1475,"end":1481},"obj":"JJR"},{"id":"tok294","span":{"begin":1482,"end":1486},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok295","span":{"begin":1487,"end":1491},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok296","span":{"begin":1492,"end":1493},"obj":"("},{"id":"tok297","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1494},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok298","span":{"begin":1494,"end":1495},"obj":"LS"},{"id":"tok299","span":{"begin":1495,"end":1496},"obj":")"},{"id":"tok300","span":{"begin":1496,"end":1497},"obj":","},{"id":"tok301","span":{"begin":1497,"end":1498},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok302","span":{"begin":1499,"end":1502},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok303","span":{"begin":1503,"end":1519},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok304","span":{"begin":1520,"end":1525},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok305","span":{"begin":1526,"end":1528},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok306","span":{"begin":1529,"end":1541},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok307","span":{"begin":1542,"end":1544},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok308","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1554},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok309","span":{"begin":1554,"end":1555},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok310","span":{"begin":1555,"end":1556},"obj":","},{"id":"tok311","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1562},"obj":"WDT"},{"id":"tok312","span":{"begin":1563,"end":1566},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok313","span":{"begin":1567,"end":1571},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok314","span":{"begin":1572,"end":1576},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok315","span":{"begin":1577,"end":1584},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok316","span":{"begin":1585,"end":1588},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok317","span":{"begin":1589,"end":1597},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok318","span":{"begin":1598,"end":1601},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok319","span":{"begin":1602,"end":1610},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok320","span":{"begin":1610,"end":1611},"obj":","},{"id":"tok321","span":{"begin":1619,"end":1621},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok322","span":{"begin":1622,"end":1627},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok323","span":{"begin":1628,"end":1631},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok324","span":{"begin":1632,"end":1635},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok325","span":{"begin":1636,"end":1641},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok326","span":{"begin":1642,"end":1644},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"tok327","span":{"begin":1645,"end":1647},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok328","span":{"begin":1648,"end":1655},"obj":"RBR"},{"id":"tok329","span":{"begin":1656,"end":1668},"obj":"VBN"},{"id":"tok330","span":{"begin":1668,"end":1669},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok331","span":{"begin":1670,"end":1682},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok332","span":{"begin":1682,"end":1683},"obj":":"},{"id":"tok333","span":{"begin":1684,"end":1689},"obj":"EX"},{"id":"tok334","span":{"begin":1690,"end":1692},"obj":"VBZ"},{"id":"tok335","span":{"begin":1693,"end":1698},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok336","span":{"begin":1699,"end":1703},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok337","span":{"begin":1704,"end":1708},"obj":"JJR"},{"id":"tok338","span":{"begin":1709,"end":1711},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"tok339","span":{"begin":1712,"end":1716},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok340","span":{"begin":1717,"end":1722},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok341","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1729},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok342","span":{"begin":1729,"end":1731},"obj":"CD"},{"id":"tok343","span":{"begin":1731,"end":1732},"obj":","},{"id":"tok344","span":{"begin":1733,"end":1743},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok345","span":{"begin":1744,"end":1746},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok346","span":{"begin":1747,"end":1755},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok347","span":{"begin":1756,"end":1765},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok348","span":{"begin":1766,"end":1769},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok349","span":{"begin":1770,"end":1778},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok350","span":{"begin":1779,"end":1781},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok351","span":{"begin":1782,"end":1791},"obj":"VBG"},{"id":"tok352","span":{"begin":1792,"end":1794},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok353","span":{"begin":1795,"end":1796},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok354","span":{"begin":1797,"end":1805},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok355","span":{"begin":1806,"end":1811},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok356","span":{"begin":1811,"end":1812},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok357","span":{"begin":1813,"end":1824},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok358","span":{"begin":1824,"end":1825},"obj":","},{"id":"tok359","span":{"begin":1826,"end":1829},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok360","span":{"begin":1830,"end":1832},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok361","span":{"begin":1833,"end":1836},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok362","span":{"begin":1837,"end":1844},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok363","span":{"begin":1845,"end":1847},"obj":"PRP"},{"id":"tok364","span":{"begin":1848,"end":1855},"obj":"VBD"},{"id":"tok365","span":{"begin":1856,"end":1858},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok366","span":{"begin":1859,"end":1862},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok367","span":{"begin":1863,"end":1867},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok368","span":{"begin":1868,"end":1872},"obj":"IN"},{"id":"tok369","span":{"begin":1873,"end":1877},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok370","span":{"begin":1878,"end":1881},"obj":"CC"},{"id":"tok371","span":{"begin":1882,"end":1886},"obj":"NNP"},{"id":"tok372","span":{"begin":1887,"end":1896},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok373","span":{"begin":1897,"end":1900},"obj":"VBP"},{"id":"tok374","span":{"begin":1901,"end":1904},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok375","span":{"begin":1905,"end":1909},"obj":"JJS"},{"id":"tok376","span":{"begin":1910,"end":1918},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok377","span":{"begin":1919,"end":1926},"obj":"NNS"},{"id":"tok378","span":{"begin":1927,"end":1929},"obj":"TO"},{"id":"tok379","span":{"begin":1930,"end":1934},"obj":"VB"},{"id":"tok380","span":{"begin":1935,"end":1939},"obj":"DT"},{"id":"tok381","span":{"begin":1940,"end":1943},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok382","span":{"begin":1944,"end":1950},"obj":"JJ"},{"id":"tok383","span":{"begin":1951,"end":1957},"obj":"NN"},{"id":"tok384","span":{"begin":1957,"end":1958},"obj":"."},{"id":"tok385","span":{"begin":1184,"end":1187},"obj":"MD"},{"id":"tok386","span":{"begin":1187,"end":1190},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"tok387","span":{"begin":1612,"end":1615},"obj":"MD"},{"id":"tok388","span":{"begin":1615,"end":1618},"obj":"RB"},{"id":"lookup1","span":{"begin":67,"end":71},"obj":"year"},{"id":"lookup2","span":{"begin":103,"end":105},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup3","span":{"begin":136,"end":138},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup4","span":{"begin":172,"end":174},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup5","span":{"begin":175,"end":180},"obj":"location"},{"id":"lookup6","span":{"begin":238,"end":242},"obj":"time_modifier"},{"id":"lookup7","span":{"begin":280,"end":282},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup8","span":{"begin":418,"end":420},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup9","span":{"begin":474,"end":485},"obj":"location"},{"id":"lookup10","span":{"begin":481,"end":485},"obj":"loc_key"},{"id":"lookup11","span":{"begin":638,"end":640},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup12","span":{"begin":659,"end":661},"obj":"stop"},{"id":"lookup13","span":{"begin":698,"end":700},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup14","span":{"begin":828,"end":830},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup15","span":{"begin":1019,"end":1021},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup16","span":{"begin":1022,"end":1024},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup17","span":{"begin":1092,"end":1094},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup18","span":{"begin":1121,"end":1122},"obj":"percent"},{"id":"lookup19","span":{"begin":1144,"end":1145},"obj":"percent"},{"id":"lookup20","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1178},"obj":"percent"},{"id":"lookup21","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1183},"obj":"stop"},{"id":"lookup22","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1193},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup23","span":{"begin":1261,"end":1263},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup24","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1277},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup25","span":{"begin":1386,"end":1388},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup26","span":{"begin":1410,"end":1412},"obj":"stop"},{"id":"lookup27","span":{"begin":1413,"end":1415},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup28","span":{"begin":1619,"end":1621},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup29","span":{"begin":1642,"end":1644},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup30","span":{"begin":1645,"end":1647},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup31","span":{"begin":1690,"end":1692},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup32","span":{"begin":1709,"end":1711},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup33","span":{"begin":1744,"end":1746},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup34","span":{"begin":1856,"end":1858},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup35","span":{"begin":1863,"end":1867},"obj":"time_modifier"},{"id":"lookup36","span":{"begin":1927,"end":1929},"obj":"country_code"},{"id":"lookup37","span":{"begin":1935,"end":1939},"obj":"time_modifier"},{"id":"event1","span":{"begin":1712,"end":1716},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event2","span":{"begin":1848,"end":1855},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event3","span":{"begin":1577,"end":1584},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event4","span":{"begin":1194,"end":1202},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event5","span":{"begin":1656,"end":1668},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event6","span":{"begin":662,"end":669},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event7","span":{"begin":1050,"end":1059},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event8","span":{"begin":524,"end":529},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event9","span":{"begin":1636,"end":1641},"obj":"I_STATE"},{"id":"event10","span":{"begin":1782,"end":1791},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event11","span":{"begin":627,"end":637},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event12","span":{"begin":42,"end":49},"obj":"STATE"},{"id":"event13","span":{"begin":139,"end":148},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event14","span":{"begin":1268,"end":1274},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event15","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1098},"obj":"STATE"},{"id":"event16","span":{"begin":330,"end":335},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event17","span":{"begin":1930,"end":1934},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event18","span":{"begin":218,"end":226},"obj":"REPORTING"},{"id":"event19","span":{"begin":1622,"end":1627},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"},{"id":"event20","span":{"begin":876,"end":884},"obj":"OCCURRENCE"}],"text":"COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?\nBACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries with cases reported worldwide. This novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which have not been completely understood to date.\nOBJECTIVES: We provide a review of the differences in terms of pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features between COVID-19, SARS and MERS.\nSOURCES: The most recent literature in English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics.\nCONTENT: COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than SARS (9.5%) and much lower than MERS (34.4%). It cannot be excluded that because of the COVID-19 less severe clinical picture it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than MERS (\u003c1),. The gastrointestinal route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which has been also assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs to be further investigated.\nIMPLICATIONS: There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and capacity of spreading on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons to face this new global threat."}
LitCovid-PD-HP-v1
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP-v1","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":343,"end":352},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":363,"end":383},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"}],"text":"COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?\nBACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries with cases reported worldwide. This novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which have not been completely understood to date.\nOBJECTIVES: We provide a review of the differences in terms of pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features between COVID-19, SARS and MERS.\nSOURCES: The most recent literature in English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics.\nCONTENT: COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than SARS (9.5%) and much lower than MERS (34.4%). It cannot be excluded that because of the COVID-19 less severe clinical picture it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than MERS (\u003c1),. The gastrointestinal route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which has been also assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs to be further investigated.\nIMPLICATIONS: There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and capacity of spreading on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons to face this new global threat."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO-v1
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO-v1","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":8},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":10,"end":14},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":91,"end":99},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":91,"end":95},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":270,"end":278},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":343,"end":352},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":357,"end":392},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":363,"end":392},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":394,"end":398},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":425,"end":458},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":460,"end":464},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":515,"end":523},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":767,"end":775},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":777,"end":781},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":858,"end":866},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":966,"end":970},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1000,"end":1008},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1049},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1139},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1231},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1322},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1377},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1460},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1553},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1549},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1589,"end":1597},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1589,"end":1593},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1723,"end":1731},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1873,"end":1877},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A18","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A21","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A22","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A23","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A24","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A25","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A26","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A27","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A28","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A29","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T29","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?\nBACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries with cases reported worldwide. This novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which have not been completely understood to date.\nOBJECTIVES: We provide a review of the differences in terms of pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features between COVID-19, SARS and MERS.\nSOURCES: The most recent literature in English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics.\nCONTENT: COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than SARS (9.5%) and much lower than MERS (34.4%). It cannot be excluded that because of the COVID-19 less severe clinical picture it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than MERS (\u003c1),. The gastrointestinal route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which has been also assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs to be further investigated.\nIMPLICATIONS: There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and capacity of spreading on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons to face this new global threat."}
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON-v1
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON-v1","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1930,"end":1934},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728"},{"id":"A41172","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456"}],"text":"COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?\nBACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries with cases reported worldwide. This novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may cause severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which have not been completely understood to date.\nOBJECTIVES: We provide a review of the differences in terms of pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features between COVID-19, SARS and MERS.\nSOURCES: The most recent literature in English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics.\nCONTENT: COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than SARS (9.5%) and much lower than MERS (34.4%). It cannot be excluded that because of the COVID-19 less severe clinical picture it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2-2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7-1.9) and higher than MERS (\u003c1),. The gastrointestinal route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which has been also assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs to be further investigated.\nIMPLICATIONS: There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and capacity of spreading on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons to face this new global threat."}