PubMed:25978997 JSON TXT

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Glycan-Motif

GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Image

GlyCosmos6-Glycan-Motif-Structure

sentences

Glycosmos6-GlycoEpitope

{"project":"Glycosmos6-GlycoEpitope","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":50,"end":56},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":171,"end":177},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":334,"end":340},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":368,"end":374},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":422,"end":428},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":574,"end":580},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":679,"end":685},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":767,"end":773},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":959,"end":965},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1029,"end":1035},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1259,"end":1265},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1376,"end":1382},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1472,"end":1478},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1549,"end":1555},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1671,"end":1677},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1796,"end":1802},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1939,"end":1945},"obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0044"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

Glycosmos6-MAT

{"project":"Glycosmos6-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000185"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":823,"end":827},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000239"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1055},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlycoBiology-FMA

uniprot-human

{"project":"uniprot-human","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":893,"end":902},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O95471"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":904,"end":914},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P12830"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":916,"end":921},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6NXG1"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":926,"end":931},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6ISB3"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

uniprot-mouse

{"project":"uniprot-mouse","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":893,"end":902},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Z261"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":904,"end":914},"obj":"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09803"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlycoBiology-NCBITAXON

{"project":"GlycoBiology-NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":128,"end":133},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":234,"end":241},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/6754"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":392,"end":397},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":462,"end":467},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":471,"end":475},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/9973"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":593,"end":599},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/6754"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":600,"end":605},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":689,"end":694},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":777,"end":782},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":999,"end":1004},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1067},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1274},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1482,"end":1487},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1708,"end":1721},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/691256"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1708,"end":1721},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/1113441"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1756,"end":1761},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/STY/T025"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1949,"end":1955},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/6754"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GO-BP

{"project":"GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":544,"end":558},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001775"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":942,"end":951},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1095},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1173},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010717"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010719"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010718"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000084"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060231"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001837"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061261"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003337"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060317"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1556,"end":1565},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1588,"end":1596},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007349"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1980,"end":1988},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007349"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GO-CC

UBERON-AE

{"project":"UBERON-AE","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1202},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003104"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1236},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003104"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlycoBiology-MAT

{"project":"GlycoBiology-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":651,"end":660},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000083"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":823,"end":827},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000239"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000185"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1055},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1845,"end":1854},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000083"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlycoBiology-Epitope

performance-test

{"project":"performance-test","denotations":[{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T1","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1202},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003104"},{"id":"PD-UBERON-AE-B_T2","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1236},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003104"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

mondo_disease

{"project":"mondo_disease","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":122,"end":127},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":386,"end":391},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":482,"end":487},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":584,"end":599},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1061},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1750,"end":1755},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1949,"end":1955},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008315"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021259"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

HP-phenotype

{"project":"HP-phenotype","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":122,"end":127},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":386,"end":391},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":482,"end":487},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":584,"end":599},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1061},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1750,"end":1755},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1949,"end":1955},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"HP:0012125"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"HP:0002664"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"HP","uri":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

Glycan-GlyCosmos

GlyCosmos15-HP

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":122,"end":127},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":386,"end":391},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":482,"end":487},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":584,"end":599},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1061},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1750,"end":1755},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1949,"end":1955},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"HP:0012125"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"HP:0002664"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"HP:0002664"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlyCosmos15-CL

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-CL","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":122,"end":133},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":386,"end":397},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":482,"end":492},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":593,"end":605},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":613,"end":623},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":813,"end":832},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":858,"end":873},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1067},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1114},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1750,"end":1761},"obj":"Cell"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A2","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A3","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A4","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001064"},{"id":"A5","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000057"},{"id":"A6","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0002322"},{"id":"A7","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000034"},{"id":"A8","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000066"},{"id":"A9","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A10","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000066"},{"id":"A11","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlyCosmos15-UBERON

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":613,"end":623},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":858,"end":873},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1055},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1114},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1619,"end":1632},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":2005,"end":2025},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002367"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000057"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000034"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"A5","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002367"},{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005576"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031012"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlyCosmos15-MAT

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1055},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000185"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

sentences

GlyCosmos15-Sentences

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-Sentences","blocks":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":134},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":135,"end":285},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":286,"end":398},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":399,"end":530},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":531,"end":739},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":740,"end":841},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":842,"end":1005},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1006,"end":1134},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1245},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1246,"end":1462},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1463,"end":1642},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1643,"end":1762},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1763,"end":2026},"obj":"Sentence"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlyCosmos15-GlycoEpitope

GlyCosmos15-MONDO

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":122,"end":127},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":386,"end":391},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":482,"end":487},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":584,"end":599},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1061},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1750,"end":1755},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1949,"end":1955},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"MONDO:0005070"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"MONDO:0005070"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"MONDO:0005070"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"MONDO:0005159"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"MONDO:0008315"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"MONDO:0021259"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"MONDO:0005070"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"MONDO:0004992"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"MONDO","uri":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlyCosmos15-NCBITAXON

{"project":"GlyCosmos15-NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":110,"end":115},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"9606"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"https://glycosmos.org/organisms/"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlyCosmos15-Glycan

NCBITAXON

{"project":"NCBITAXON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":110,"end":115},"obj":"OrganismTaxon"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"db_id","subj":"T1","obj":"9606"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

GlyCosmos-GlycoEpitope

Anatomy-UBERON

{"project":"Anatomy-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":613,"end":623},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":858,"end":873},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1055},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1114},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1619,"end":1632},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":2005,"end":2025},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002367"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000057"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000034"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"A5","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002367"},{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005576"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031012"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

Anatomy-MAT

{"project":"Anatomy-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":584,"end":592},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1055},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000185"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mat_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000078"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}

CL-cell

{"project":"CL-cell","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":122,"end":133},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":386,"end":397},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":482,"end":492},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":593,"end":605},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":613,"end":623},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":813,"end":832},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":823,"end":832},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":858,"end":873},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1056,"end":1067},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1114},"obj":"Cell"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1750,"end":1761},"obj":"Cell"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A2","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A3","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A4","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001064"},{"id":"A5","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000057"},{"id":"A6","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0002322"},{"id":"A7","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000034"},{"id":"A8","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000066"},{"id":"A9","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"},{"id":"A10","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0000066"},{"id":"A11","pred":"cl_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL:0001063"}],"text":"Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) defines spontaneous loss of epithelial phenotype in human solid tumor cells.\nStage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a glycosphingolipid, which is overexpressed in some cancers and has been linked to disease progression. However, little is known about the functions of SSEA-4 and the characteristics of SSEA-4 expressing tumor cells. Our studies identified SSEA-4 expression on a subpopulation of cells in many solid tumor cell lines but not in leukemic cell lines. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted SSEA-4(+) prostate cancer cells formed fibroblast-like colonies with limited cell-cell contacts, whereas SSEA-4(-) cells formed cobblestone-like epithelial colonies. Only colonies derived from SSEA-4(+) cells were enriched for pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers. Moreover, major epithelial cell-associated markers Claudin-7, E-cadherin, ESRP1 and GRHL2 were down-regulated in the SSEA-4(+) fraction of DU145 and HCT-116 cells. Similar to cell lines, SSEA-4(+) primary prostate tumor cells also showed down-regulation of epithelial cell-associated markers. In addition, they showed up-regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, SSEA-4(+) cells escape from adhesive colonies spontaneously and form invadopodia-like migratory structures, in which SSEA-4, cortactin as well as active pPI3K, pAkt and pSrc are enriched and colocalized. Finally, SSEA-4(+) cells displayed strong tumorigenic ability and stable knockdown of SSEA-4 synthesis resulted in decreased cellular adhesion to different extracellular matrices. In conclusion, we introduce SSEA-4 as a novel marker to identify heterogeneous, invasive subpopulations of tumor cells. Moreover, increased cell-surface SSEA-4 expression is associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions and the gain of a migratory phenotype, suggesting an important role of SSEA-4 in cancer invasion by influencing cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix."}