PMC:8275828 / 28867-31284 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/8275828","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"8275828","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/8275828","text":"The present analysis investigated concentrations of nutrients in the brain, the organ most relevant to cognition, as compared to previous studies that have established dietary or serum NPs with similar exploratory approaches (10, 11, 13, 15). Although the relationship between better adherence to a priori hypothesized intake patterns (such as MeDi, HDI, HEI, DASH, MIND) and lower risk of cognitive decline have been established (2), a priori hypothesized NPs are difficult with brain concentrations since little is known regarding nutrient uptake across the BBB and nutrient metabolism in neural tissue. For instance, SFAs and MUFAs can be de novo synthesized in the liver and CNS and may not reflect intake levels (61), and among n-3 PUFAs, DHA preferentially accumulates in neural tissue (62, 63). While substitution of SFA and trans-FA intakes with MUFAs and PUFAs decreases risk of age-related cognitive impairment in many prospective cohorts (64), our findings with brain content cannot be directly compared with intake levels of SFAs and MUFAs. It has also been reported that higher SFA content in membranes is usually associated with higher PUFA content to maintain membrane stability (65, 66), which likely explains the high correlation between SFA and unsaturated FA observed in the GCS brain tissues. Similarly, retinol is thought to be either taken up into the brain by STRA6, a retinol-binding protein-receptor detected at the BBB or derived directly from the cleavage of provitamin A carotenoids (β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) by the enzyme BCO1 detected in human brain (67, 68). It remains unknown how much each source contributes to vitamin A content in the brain. Moreover, a previous report on vitamin K metabolism in rat cerebellum also suggests that neural MK-4 content is regulated by the enzyme UBIAD1 (69). Overall, findings of nutrient levels in neural tissue need to be cautiously interpreted for dietary recommendations, especially for nutrients that can be derived from other substrates and nutrients whose levels are tightly regulated in the brain. Data on dietary intake in the GCS have been previously reported (70). However, the dietary assessment was subjective and might have overestimated or underestimated food intake, particularly in this population with varying degrees of cognitive performance. As a result, dietary intake data were not incorporated into the present analysis.","tracks":[{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"34268331-226-232-887383","span":{"begin":226,"end":228},"obj":"[\"22457391\"]"},{"id":"34268331-230-236-887384","span":{"begin":230,"end":232},"obj":"[\"25809805\"]"},{"id":"34268331-234-240-887385","span":{"begin":234,"end":236},"obj":"[\"20385883\"]"},{"id":"34268331-234-240-887386","span":{"begin":238,"end":240},"obj":"[\"22205763\"]"},{"id":"34268331-188-193-887387","span":{"begin":431,"end":432},"obj":"[\"25770254\"]"},{"id":"34268331-187-193-887388","span":{"begin":793,"end":795},"obj":"[\"11704343\"]"},{"id":"34268331-191-197-887389","span":{"begin":797,"end":799},"obj":"[\"24694001\"]"},{"id":"34268331-148-154-887390","span":{"begin":950,"end":952},"obj":"[\"24970568\"]"},{"id":"34268331-142-148-887391","span":{"begin":1195,"end":1197},"obj":"[\"27593084\"]"},{"id":"34268331-146-152-887392","span":{"begin":1199,"end":1201},"obj":"[\"1491012\"]"},{"id":"34268331-232-238-887393","span":{"begin":1588,"end":1590},"obj":"[\"17255476\"]"},{"id":"34268331-236-242-887394","span":{"begin":1592,"end":1594},"obj":"[\"11401432\"]"},{"id":"34268331-144-150-887395","span":{"begin":1828,"end":1830},"obj":"[\"18083713\"]"},{"id":"34268331-65-71-887396","span":{"begin":2145,"end":2147},"obj":"[\"22253499\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"34268331-226-232-887383","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-230-236-887384","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-234-240-887385","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-234-240-887386","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-188-193-887387","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-187-193-887388","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-191-197-887389","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-148-154-887390","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-142-148-887391","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-146-152-887392","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-232-238-887393","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-236-242-887394","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-144-150-887395","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"34268331-65-71-887396","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"TEST0","color":"#ec93c5","default":true}]}]}}