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PMC:7796291 / 6066-12301 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
53 471-475 Gene denotes Resp Gene:13897326
54 459-463 Gene denotes Resp Gene:13897326
55 201-205 Gene denotes Resp Gene:13897326
56 100-104 Gene denotes Resp Gene:13897326
57 342-346 Chemical denotes NaCl MESH:D012965
58 389-393 Chemical denotes NaCl MESH:D012965
59 398-410 Chemical denotes paraffin oil MESH:C015418
61 1490-1514 Chemical denotes Chlorinated Disinfectant
73 1525-1533 Chemical denotes Chlorine MESH:D002713
74 1604-1623 Chemical denotes sodium hypochlorite MESH:D012973
75 1625-1630 Chemical denotes NaClO
76 1640-1656 Chemical denotes sodium hydroxide MESH:D012972
77 1658-1662 Chemical denotes NaOH
78 1676-1681 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
79 1716-1724 Chemical denotes chlorine MESH:D002713
80 1757-1762 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
81 1798-1817 Chemical denotes sodium hypochlorite MESH:D012973
82 1835-1840 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
83 1937-1942 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
85 2019-2026 Chemical denotes Ethanol MESH:D000431
88 2084-2091 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
89 2093-2097 Chemical denotes EtOH MESH:D000431
91 2171-2182 Chemical denotes Isopropanol MESH:D019840
94 2193-2204 Chemical denotes Isopropanol MESH:D019840
95 2206-2209 Chemical denotes IPA MESH:D019840
101 2435-2440 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
102 2595-2600 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
103 2622-2627 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
104 3023-3028 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
105 2667-2676 Disease denotes agitation MESH:D011595
111 3595-3599 Chemical denotes NaCl MESH:D012965
112 3650-3662 Chemical denotes paraffin oil MESH:C015418
113 3721-3725 Chemical denotes NaCl MESH:D012965
114 3778-3790 Chemical denotes paraffin oil MESH:C015418
115 3579-3581 CellLine denotes MN CVCL:U508
124 5296-5301 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
125 5303-5305 Chemical denotes WA MESH:D014867
126 5308-5315 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
127 5317-5321 Chemical denotes EtOH MESH:D000431
128 5324-5335 Chemical denotes isopropanol MESH:D019840
129 5337-5340 Chemical denotes IPA MESH:D019840
130 5343-5367 Chemical denotes chlorinated disinfectant
131 5369-5373 Chemical denotes ClO− MESH:D006997
136 5616-5623 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
137 5789-5796 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
138 5880-5887 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
139 5634-5643 Chemical denotes KCTC 1039

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T2 2667-2676 Phenotype denotes agitation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000713

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T36 0-2 Sentence denotes 2.
T37 3-24 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods
T38 26-30 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T39 31-42 Sentence denotes Respirators
T40 43-105 Sentence denotes A commercial respirator certified by N95 grade (coded as Resp.
T41 106-206 Sentence denotes A) and the one certified by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) for KF94 grade (Resp.
T42 207-242 Sentence denotes B) were used as sample respirators.
T43 243-438 Sentence denotes N95 and KF94 grades refer to the particle capture efficiency of not less than 95% during 200 mg of NaCl particle loading [34] and 94% after 3 min NaCl and paraffin oil loading [35], respectively.
T44 439-464 Sentence denotes The surface area of Resp.
T45 465-476 Sentence denotes A and Resp.
T46 477-518 Sentence denotes B were 249 cm2 and 208 cm2, respectively.
T47 520-524 Sentence denotes 2.2.
T48 525-548 Sentence denotes Disinfection Treatments
T49 550-556 Sentence denotes 2.2.1.
T50 557-578 Sentence denotes Microwave Irradiation
T51 579-867 Sentence denotes Metal nose clips of respirators were eliminated, and the respirators were exposed to microwave irradiation with 750 W power (MR-280M, LG Electronics, Seoul, Korea); for 1 min, the outer side was directed to the irradiation, then, for 1 min, the inner side was directed to the irradiation.
T52 868-962 Sentence denotes All treated samples were stored for 12 h under ambient temperature before the filtration test.
T53 964-970 Sentence denotes 2.2.2.
T54 971-979 Sentence denotes Oven-Dry
T55 980-1077 Sentence denotes Respirators were dried at 90 °C for 1 h in a drying oven (Withlab Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea).
T56 1079-1085 Sentence denotes 2.2.3.
T57 1086-1100 Sentence denotes UV Irradiation
T58 1101-1213 Sentence denotes UV rays were radiated from 16.5 cm away from the tray using a UV sterilizer (KRS-A1, KARIS, Gyeonggi-do, Korea).
T59 1214-1329 Sentence denotes The wavelength of 253.7 nm UV ray was irradiated through the inner area of the sterilizer in 42 cm × 32 cm × 32 cm.
T60 1330-1481 Sentence denotes The power consumption of UV light bulb was 10 W and the irradiation was conducted for 1 h for inner side and another 1 h for outer side of respirators.
T61 1483-1489 Sentence denotes 2.2.4.
T62 1490-1524 Sentence denotes Chlorinated Disinfectant Immersion
T63 1525-1711 Sentence denotes Chlorine-based disinfectant (Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Korea), formulated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) (5.5%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.3%), and water, was used for this treatment.
T64 1712-1854 Sentence denotes The chlorine disinfectant was diluted in tap water to 5% (v/v), which makes the final sodium hypochlorite concentration in water to be 0.275%.
T65 1855-2010 Sentence denotes The respirator samples were soaked in the solution for 10 min, then rinsed in tap water for 3 min two times, and dried for 24 h under an ambient condition.
T66 2012-2018 Sentence denotes 2.2.5.
T67 2019-2036 Sentence denotes Ethanol Immersion
T68 2037-2162 Sentence denotes The respirator samples were immersed in an aq. ethanol (EtOH) solution of 70% (v/v) for 10 min, then dried for at least 24 h.
T69 2164-2170 Sentence denotes 2.2.6.
T70 2171-2192 Sentence denotes Isopropanol Immersion
T71 2193-2276 Sentence denotes Isopropanol (IPA) is commonly known as a discharging agent for electret media [36].
T72 2277-2348 Sentence denotes Respirators were immersed in IPA liquid (≥99.9%) for 10 min, and dried.
T73 2350-2356 Sentence denotes 2.2.7.
T74 2357-2367 Sentence denotes Laundering
T75 2368-2430 Sentence denotes Laundering of respirators was done with and without detergent.
T76 2431-2601 Sentence denotes For water-laundering without detergent, each respirator was put in a stainless can of Terg-O-Tometer (T-O-T, Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho, Tokyo, Japan) with 1 L of tap water.
T77 2602-2748 Sentence denotes The laundering with water (without detergent) was conducted with agitation speed of 90 rpm at 24 °C for 10 min, and then 3 min for two more times.
T78 2749-2866 Sentence denotes For detergent-laundering, a detergent (Actz power gel, Pigeon, Seoul, Korea) composed of anionic surfactant was used.
T79 2867-3098 Sentence denotes Respirators were laundered in T-O-T with 1 L of 0.1 wt% aq. detergent solution at 24 °C and 90 rpm for 10 min, then the samples were rinsed with 1 L of tap water for 3 min four times to thoroughly remove the detergent residue [37].
T80 3100-3104 Sentence denotes 2.3.
T81 3105-3136 Sentence denotes Electrostatic Force Measurement
T82 3137-3299 Sentence denotes The surface potential of filter media was measured using an electrostatic voltmeter (Model 542A, Trek, Lockport, NY, USA), by holding the filter media in the air.
T83 3300-3435 Sentence denotes A charge-monitoring probe was placed 4 cm above the web surface, and the surface potential was measured by line-scanning over the area.
T84 3437-3441 Sentence denotes 2.4.
T85 3442-3457 Sentence denotes Filtration Test
T86 3458-3720 Sentence denotes The filtration performance of respirators was evaluated using an automated filter tester (TSI 8130, TSI Inc., Shoreview, MN, USA), using NaCl particles (mass median diameter, MMD ~0.6 µm) and paraffin oil aerosol (MMD ~0.4 µm), based on the Korean MFDS standard.
T87 3721-3909 Sentence denotes NaCl aerosol with a mass concentration of 8 ± 4 mg/m3 or paraffin oil aerosol with a mass concentration of 20 ± 5 mg/m3 was passed through the respirator sample at the flow rate of 95 LPM.
T88 3910-4038 Sentence denotes The aerosol penetration after 3 min of challenged aerosol mass and the initial resistance were recorded as performance criteria.
T89 4040-4044 Sentence denotes 2.5.
T90 4045-4061 Sentence denotes Characterization
T91 4062-4294 Sentence denotes For a non-destructive 3D visualizations of an internal structure of materials, X-ray computed tomography (Xµ-CT) was performed using Zeiss X-Radia 510 Versa (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) (Figure S1, see Supplementary Materials) [38].
T92 4295-4369 Sentence denotes The X-ray source was operated at a voltage of 60 kV with a power of 5.0 W.
T93 4370-4489 Sentence denotes The fields of view used were 800, 1200, 2000 µm, and the corresponding pixel sizes were 0.8, 1.2, 2.0 µm, respectively.
T94 4490-4702 Sentence denotes FE-SEM images of filter samples were observed by Supra 55 VP (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), with prior coating with Pt at 20 mA for 120 s, using a 108auto sputter coater (Cressington Scientific Inc., Watford, UK).
T95 4703-4803 Sentence denotes The thickness of respirator layers was measured using a thickness gauge under the pressure of 2.4 N.
T96 4804-5084 Sentence denotes Porosity and solidity of webs were calculated based on Equations (1) and (2), where m is mass of the material, A is area of the material, t is thickness, and ρ is the material density (0.95 g/cm3 for PP was used):Porosity (%) = (1 − solidity) × 100 (%)(1) Solidity = m/(A⋅t⋅ρ)(2)
T97 5085-5241 Sentence denotes The static contact angle (CA) of liquid was gauged as wetting property using a contact angle analyzer (SmartDrop Lab, FemtoBiomed Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea).
T98 5242-5499 Sentence denotes A droplet of 3.0 ± 0.3 μL liquid, including distilled water (WA), ethanol (EtOH), isopropanol (IPA), chlorinated disinfectant (ClO−), and 0.1% detergent solution was dispensed on a surface of web, and CA was measured in 60 s after the droplets were settled.
T99 5500-5585 Sentence denotes The chemistry of sample surface was analyzed by FTIR-ATR (TENSOR27, Bruker, Germany).
T100 5587-5591 Sentence denotes 2.6.
T101 5592-5611 Sentence denotes Bactericidal Effect
T102 5612-5769 Sentence denotes The E. coli strain of KCTC 1039 was used as the test bacteria, cultivated in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 2 h at 250 rpm.
T103 5770-6026 Sentence denotes For application of E. coli to respirator layers, 10 μL of bacterial culture, corresponding to ~5 × 106 CFU of E. coli (concentration; 5 × 108 CFU/mL), was injected into the center area of 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm of front side of a respirator, using a micropipette.
T104 6027-6177 Sentence denotes The bacteria-loaded samples were subject to different disinfection treatments, and the CFUs of cells were quantified, using a staining method [39,40].
T105 6178-6235 Sentence denotes The quantification procedure is illustrated in Figure S2.