PMC:7795966 / 26293-28679
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
934 | 26-47 | Disease | denotes | Carboxyhemoglobinemia | |
935 | 51-59 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
941 | 212-220 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
942 | 144-146 | Chemical | denotes | CO | MESH:D002248 |
943 | 260-262 | Chemical | denotes | CO | MESH:D002248 |
944 | 178-199 | Disease | denotes | carboxyhemoglobinemia | |
945 | 203-211 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
964 | 389-393 | Gene | denotes | HO-1 | Gene:3162 |
965 | 554-558 | Gene | denotes | HO-1 | Gene:3162 |
966 | 1239-1244 | Gene | denotes | MetHb | Gene:3048 |
967 | 907-915 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
968 | 1193-1201 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
969 | 328-330 | Chemical | denotes | CO | MESH:D002248 |
970 | 423-427 | Chemical | denotes | heme | MESH:D006418 |
971 | 444-454 | Chemical | denotes | biliverdin | MESH:D001664 |
972 | 469-471 | Chemical | denotes | CO | MESH:D002248 |
973 | 1020-1025 | Chemical | denotes | NADPH | MESH:D009249 |
974 | 606-618 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
975 | 830-836 | Disease | denotes | anemia | MESH:D000740 |
976 | 841-850 | Disease | denotes | hemolysis | MESH:D006461 |
977 | 898-906 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
978 | 1096-1105 | Disease | denotes | hemolysis | MESH:D006461 |
979 | 1122-1137 | Disease | denotes | G6PD deficiency | MESH:D005955 |
980 | 1165-1180 | Disease | denotes | G6PD deficiency | MESH:D005955 |
981 | 1184-1192 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
987 | 1343-1351 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
988 | 1603-1605 | Chemical | denotes | O2 | MESH:D010100 |
989 | 1647-1649 | Chemical | denotes | CO | MESH:D002248 |
990 | 1334-1342 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
991 | 1373-1395 | Disease | denotes | respiratory impairment | MESH:D012131 |
999 | 2037-2041 | Gene | denotes | HO-1 | Gene:3162 |
1000 | 2277-2283 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
1001 | 1786-1794 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1002 | 1820-1829 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
1003 | 2149-2161 | Disease | denotes | Inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
1004 | 2262-2273 | Disease | denotes | endotoxemia | MESH:D019446 |
1005 | 2339-2351 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T64 | 585-601 | Phenotype | denotes | oxidative stress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464 |
T65 | 669-685 | Phenotype | denotes | Hemolytic anemia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001878 |
T66 | 801-817 | Phenotype | denotes | hemolytic anemia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001878 |
T67 | 830-836 | Phenotype | denotes | anemia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001903 |
T68 | 931-947 | Phenotype | denotes | hemolytic anemia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001878 |
T69 | 1052-1068 | Phenotype | denotes | oxidative stress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464 |
T70 | 1373-1395 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory impairment | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002093 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T196 | 0-4 | Sentence | denotes | 4.4. |
T197 | 5-68 | Sentence | denotes | Possible Reasons for Carboxyhemoglobinemia in COVID-19 Patients |
T198 | 69-316 | Sentence | denotes | Since the blood COHb concentration reflects the balance between endogenous CO production and CO elimination, carboxyhemoglobinemia in COVID-19 patients could indicate an increased endogenous CO production and/or a decreased CO elimination ability. |
T199 | 317-492 | Sentence | denotes | Endogenous CO production is mainly due to the inducible heme oxygenase (HO-1) enzyme, which catalyzes the heme moiety of Hb to biliverdin and liberates CO during this process. |
T200 | 493-553 | Sentence | denotes | CO can then react with Hb, leading to the formation of COHb. |
T201 | 554-668 | Sentence | denotes | HO-1 is upregulated in case of oxidative stress and inflammation which leads to increased COHb production [73,74]. |
T202 | 669-823 | Sentence | denotes | Hemolytic anemia facilitates the production process of COHb so that an increased COHb blood level can be seen as a manifestation of hemolytic anemia [75]. |
T203 | 824-997 | Sentence | denotes | Since anemia and hemolysis possibly occur during the course of disease in COVID-19 patients [17,18,22,54], hemolytic anemia may also be responsible for their COHb elevation. |
T204 | 998-1266 | Sentence | denotes | Because intracellular NADPH depletion and consecutive oxidative stress with damaged erythrocytes (hemolysis) is typical for G6PD deficiency, it is not surprising that G6PD deficiency in COVID-19 patients seems to be associated with elevated MetHb and COHb levels [20]. |
T205 | 1267-1330 | Sentence | denotes | A decreased CO elimination occurs when respiration is impaired. |
T206 | 1331-1510 | Sentence | denotes | As COVID-19 patients are characterized by respiratory impairment, increased COHb levels can be explained by reduced CO elimination and thus a higher probability of COHb formation. |
T207 | 1511-1716 | Sentence | denotes | Mechanical ventilation may also be relevant since, for example, an increase in the inspired O2 fraction leads to an increase in exhaled CO concentration [76], possibly leading to a reduced COHb production. |
T208 | 1717-2036 | Sentence | denotes | Interestingly, while elevated COHb levels seem to be correlated with COVID-19 severity, intensive care mortality from other causes was found to be associated with too low [12,77] and both too low or too high COHb values [11], indicating the existence of an optimal COHb level for optimal physiological functioning [12]. |
T209 | 2037-2148 | Sentence | denotes | HO-1 upregulation, associated with elevations of COHb, has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects [78]. |
T210 | 2149-2386 | Sentence | denotes | Inflammation changes COHb levels in the blood in a complex time-dependent manner as demonstrated by experimental endotoxemia in humans [79], highlighting the non-linear relationship between inflammation, disease severity and COHb levels. |