PMC:7786642 / 24379-26096
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"280","span":{"begin":145,"end":153},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"281","span":{"begin":154,"end":163},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"282","span":{"begin":237,"end":245},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"283","span":{"begin":246,"end":255},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"284","span":{"begin":682,"end":690},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"285","span":{"begin":691,"end":700},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"286","span":{"begin":853,"end":859},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"287","span":{"begin":1227,"end":1235},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"288","span":{"begin":1236,"end":1241},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"289","span":{"begin":1430,"end":1438},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"290","span":{"begin":1439,"end":1445},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"291","span":{"begin":1563,"end":1569},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"292","span":{"begin":1643,"end":1651},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"293","span":{"begin":1652,"end":1661},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A280","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"280","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A281","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"281","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A282","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"282","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A283","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"283","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A284","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"284","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A285","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"285","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A286","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"286","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A287","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"287","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A288","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"288","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A289","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"289","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A290","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"290","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A291","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"291","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A292","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"292","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A293","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"293","obj":"MESH:D003643"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"4.3 Comparison with previous studies focusing on PM2.5\nOur study is comparable with previous studies assessing the long-term effect of PM2.5 on COVID-19 mortality. The aforementioned study in the US also assessed the effect of PM2.5 on COVID-19 mortality(Liang et al. 2020). Their exposure model was previously validated having an R2 = 0.89 for the annual estimates (Di et al. 2019b). The evidence for PM2.5 was weak, namely 10.8% (95% CI:-1.1%, 24.1%) per 3.4 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration (that is approximately 3.2% increase per 1 μg/m3) after adjusting for confounding and spatial autocorrelation. The ONS report in England found a 1% (95% CI: −3%, 6%) increase in the COVID-19 mortality for every 1 μg/m3 increase in the 10-year averaged PM2.5 exposure (Statistics 2020). Our study comes in contrast with another study in the US that used deaths reported until April 22nd, 2020 and counties as the geographical unit (Wu et al. 2020). For the exposure, they used previously validated monthly PM2.5 concentrations (R2 = 0.70) (Van Donkelaar et al. 2019) and averaged them during 2000 and 2016. After adjusting for confounding but not for spatial autocorrelation, they found an 11% (95% CI: 6%, 17%) increase in the COVID-19 death rate for an increase of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration (Wu et al. 2020). Our study comes also in contrast with the study in the Netherlands that reported 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.0) additional COVID-19 deaths for an increase of 1 μg/m3 in the averaged long-term PM2.5 concentration (Cole et al. 2020). Having a mean number of deaths equal to 16.86, the above estimate translates to a 13.6% increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate for an increase of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T204","span":{"begin":0,"end":55},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":56,"end":164},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T206","span":{"begin":165,"end":268},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":269,"end":275},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T208","span":{"begin":276,"end":377},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":378,"end":385},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T210","span":{"begin":386,"end":610},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T211","span":{"begin":611,"end":785},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T212","span":{"begin":786,"end":940},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T213","span":{"begin":941,"end":947},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T214","span":{"begin":948,"end":1059},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T215","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1105},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T216","span":{"begin":1106,"end":1201},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":1202,"end":1307},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T218","span":{"begin":1308,"end":1314},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T219","span":{"begin":1315,"end":1408},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T220","span":{"begin":1409,"end":1531},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T221","span":{"begin":1532,"end":1538},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T222","span":{"begin":1539,"end":1717},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"4.3 Comparison with previous studies focusing on PM2.5\nOur study is comparable with previous studies assessing the long-term effect of PM2.5 on COVID-19 mortality. The aforementioned study in the US also assessed the effect of PM2.5 on COVID-19 mortality(Liang et al. 2020). Their exposure model was previously validated having an R2 = 0.89 for the annual estimates (Di et al. 2019b). The evidence for PM2.5 was weak, namely 10.8% (95% CI:-1.1%, 24.1%) per 3.4 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration (that is approximately 3.2% increase per 1 μg/m3) after adjusting for confounding and spatial autocorrelation. The ONS report in England found a 1% (95% CI: −3%, 6%) increase in the COVID-19 mortality for every 1 μg/m3 increase in the 10-year averaged PM2.5 exposure (Statistics 2020). Our study comes in contrast with another study in the US that used deaths reported until April 22nd, 2020 and counties as the geographical unit (Wu et al. 2020). For the exposure, they used previously validated monthly PM2.5 concentrations (R2 = 0.70) (Van Donkelaar et al. 2019) and averaged them during 2000 and 2016. After adjusting for confounding but not for spatial autocorrelation, they found an 11% (95% CI: 6%, 17%) increase in the COVID-19 death rate for an increase of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration (Wu et al. 2020). Our study comes also in contrast with the study in the Netherlands that reported 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.0) additional COVID-19 deaths for an increase of 1 μg/m3 in the averaged long-term PM2.5 concentration (Cole et al. 2020). Having a mean number of deaths equal to 16.86, the above estimate translates to a 13.6% increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate for an increase of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration."}