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PMC:7784830 / 6346-13945 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
99 0-4 Chemical denotes ODFs
120 314-320 Species denotes People Tax:9606
121 432-451 Chemical denotes lopinavir/ritonavir MESH:C558899
122 453-474 Chemical denotes chloroquine phosphate MESH:C023676
123 476-485 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
124 491-498 Chemical denotes arbidol MESH:C086979
125 566-577 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
126 579-586 Chemical denotes arbidol MESH:C086979
127 588-598 Chemical denotes remdesivir MESH:C000606551
128 604-615 Chemical denotes favipiravir MESH:C462182
129 644-663 Chemical denotes lopinavir/ritonavir MESH:C558899
130 665-686 Chemical denotes chloroquine phosphate MESH:C023676
131 692-699 Chemical denotes arbidol MESH:C086979
132 742-753 Chemical denotes favipiravir MESH:C462182
133 820-839 Chemical denotes lopinavir/ritonavir MESH:C558899
134 920-931 Chemical denotes favipiravir MESH:C462182
135 1043-1048 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
136 1103-1122 Chemical denotes sodium or meglumine
137 105-113 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
138 392-400 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
139 1485-1493 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
141 1825-1833 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
163 3757-3769 Gene denotes interferon β Gene:3456
164 2378-2390 Species denotes corona virus Tax:11118
165 2391-2399 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
166 2489-2497 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
167 2545-2550 Species denotes human Tax:9606
168 2923-2935 Species denotes corona virus Tax:11118
169 3380-3385 Species denotes human Tax:9606
170 3814-3822 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
171 4083-4095 Species denotes corona virus Tax:11118
172 4327-4339 Species denotes corona virus Tax:11118
173 2049-2060 Chemical denotes Tocilizumab MESH:C502936
174 2142-2151 Chemical denotes adenosine MESH:D000241
175 2152-2162 Chemical denotes nucleoside MESH:D009705
176 2890-2908 Chemical denotes chlorpromazine HCl MESH:D002746
177 3135-3159 Chemical denotes Algernon Pharmaceuticals
178 3161-3171 Chemical denotes Ifenprodil MESH:C010739
179 3267-3277 Chemical denotes Ifenprodil MESH:C010739
180 2467-2488 Disease denotes corona virus infected MESH:C000657245
181 3454-3470 Disease denotes British Columbia OMIM:176500
182 3808-3813 Disease denotes COVID MESH:C000657245
183 3959-3967 Disease denotes COVID 19 MESH:C000657245
192 4589-4600 Chemical denotes favipiravir MESH:C462182
193 4625-4630 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
194 4730-4741 Chemical denotes favipiravir MESH:C462182
195 5352-5356 Chemical denotes ODFs
196 5433-5442 Chemical denotes entecavir MESH:C413685
197 5492-5496 Chemical denotes ODFs
198 5549-5553 Chemical denotes ODFs
199 5608-5615 Chemical denotes polymer MESH:D011108
209 5789-5796 Chemical denotes Polymer MESH:D011108
210 5983-5988 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
211 6239-6244 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
212 6522-6527 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
213 7187-7192 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
214 6128-6131 Disease denotes HPC MESH:C537262
215 6575-6600 Disease denotes L-HPC PEG-400 SCM ODFs MESH:C537262
216 6907-6910 Disease denotes HPC MESH:C537262
217 6976-6982 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T3 6976-6982 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T54 0-36 Sentence denotes ODFs as carriers for antiviral drugs
T55 37-114 Sentence denotes At present, there are no regulatory approved drugs for treatment of COVID-19.
T56 115-279 Sentence denotes Current recommendations include supportive care, ventilator based assistance for respiration, usage of anti-infectives, antivirals, and glucocorticoid therapy [39].
T57 280-499 Sentence denotes National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China has provided some preferred drugs for treatment of COVID-19 that include interferon alpha, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine phosphate, ribavirin, and arbidol.
T58 500-624 Sentence denotes Some of the drugs that are presently at clinical trials stage are chloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, and favipiravir [40,41].
T59 625-732 Sentence denotes Of all these drugs lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine phosphate, and arbidol are administered via oral route.
T60 733-840 Sentence denotes However, favipiravir appears to be the most potent and promising drug when compared to lopinavir/ritonavir.
T61 841-998 Sentence denotes In India, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals has initiated phase III clinical trials for favipiravir and is expected to complete the trials by end of August 2020 [42].
T62 999-1157 Sentence denotes The solubility of this drug is very poor in water and is necessary to convert it into its salt version (sodium or meglumine) and formulate it as an injection.
T63 1158-1354 Sentence denotes A Chinese company by name Chengdu Xinhengchuang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. developed a tablet formulation that helps in overcoming the dissolution problem and achieved desired clinical results [43].
T64 1355-1494 Sentence denotes Table 1 provides a list of antiviral agents that are currently being developed by various investigators in the world for treating COVID-19.
T65 1495-1606 Sentence denotes From the table, it is evident that researchers focus is on both small molecules [55] and biologics [45,46, 48].
T66 1607-1773 Sentence denotes Further, proteins such as brilacidin [44] and recombinant protein AT-100 [50] are being developed by Innovation Pharmaceuticals and Airway Therapeutics, respectively.
T67 1774-1782 Sentence denotes Table 1.
T68 1784-1834 Sentence denotes Antiviral drugs in pipeline for treating COVID-19.
T69 1835-1906 Sentence denotes Name of the company Details of antiviral drugs under development Ref.
T70 1907-1997 Sentence denotes Innovation Pharmaceuticals Brilacidin – a defensin (protein) mimetic drug candidate [44]
T71 1998-2041 Sentence denotes CytoDyn Leronlimab – CCR5 antagonist [45]
T72 2042-2110 Sentence denotes Roche Tocilizumab – Roche initiated phase III clinical trials [46]
T73 2111-2215 Sentence denotes Biocryst Pharma Galidesivir – adenosine nucleoside analogue acts by blocking viral RNA polymerase [47]
T74 2216-2406 Sentence denotes Roivant Sciences Gimsilumab – monoclonal antibody targets pro-inflammatory cytokine ‘granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)’ which is high in corona virus patients. [48]
T75 2407-2503 Sentence denotes I-Mab Biopharma TJM2 – acts by neutralizing high GM-CSF in corona virus infected patients [49]
T76 2504-2571 Sentence denotes Airway Therapeutics AT-100 – developing human recombinant protein.
T77 2572-2637 Sentence denotes It has collaborated with Celonic Group for producing AT-100 [50]
T78 2638-2806 Sentence denotes Tiziana Life Sciences TZLS-501 – a monoclonal antibody and are planning to deliver it using its proprietary formulation technology, which are patent protected [51–53]
T79 2807-2941 Sentence denotes OyaGen OYA1 – is a broad spectrum antiviral compound which is more effective than chlorpromazine HCl in inhibiting corona virus [54]
T80 2942-3034 Sentence denotes Beyond Spring BPI-002 – a small molecule, acts as an adjuvant when combined with a vaccine.
T81 3035-3134 Sentence denotes This small molecule is protected by a provisional US patent application (yet to be published) [55]
T82 3135-3226 Sentence denotes Algernon Pharmaceuticals Ifenprodil – small molecule that can be delivered via oral route.
T83 3227-3266 Sentence denotes Filed a pre-IND application with USFDA.
T84 3267-3332 Sentence denotes Ifenprodil is a generic drug originally developed by Sanofi [56]
T85 3333-3418 Sentence denotes APEIRON Biologics APN01 – Recombinant form of human angiotensin convertase enzyme 2.
T86 3419-3585 Sentence denotes Dr. Josef Penninger, University of British Columbia, has carried out extensive research on APN01 in collaboration with various companies and academic institutes [57]
T87 3586-3712 Sentence denotes Lattice Biologics Limited AmnioBoost – is an amniotic fluid concentrate obtained from subjects during cesarean delivery [57]
T88 3713-3828 Sentence denotes Synairgen Research SNG001 – is nothing but interferon β – 1a administered as an inhalation to COVID patients [58]
T89 3829-3974 Sentence denotes Emanta Pharmaceuticals It is testing various known and new small molecule drug candidates that have the potential to act against COVID 19. [59]
T90 3975-4129 Sentence denotes Vir Biotechnology VIR-7831 and VIR-7832 are two monoclonal antibodies that target the spike protein of the corona virus and enter via ACE2 cell receptor.
T91 4130-4194 Sentence denotes Vir has collaborations for development of these antibodies [60]
T92 4195-4340 Sentence denotes Columbia University Received a research grant of 2.1 million USD from Jack Ma foundation to develop various drugs for treatment of corona virus.
T93 4341-4574 Sentence denotes They are developing antiviral drugs and an antibody that has the potential to neutralize the virus [61] The drugs that are being developed, mentioned in Table 1, could face many challenges when it comes to delivering to the subject.
T94 4575-4679 Sentence denotes For instance, favipiravir is associated with poor water solubility and demands an injection formulation.
T95 4680-4795 Sentence denotes A potential alternative to such a disadvantage of favipiravir and other similar drugs is to formulate them as ODFs.
T96 4796-4881 Sentence denotes Table 2 provides a list of antiviral drugs that were successfully formulated as ODFs.
T97 4882-5017 Sentence denotes It is evident from Table 2 that drugs with low solubility, bioavailability, and dose are excellent candidates for formulating as films.
T98 5018-5328 Sentence denotes The most conventional method used to prepare ODFs is solvent casting method and the modern methods include printing technologies using inkjet printing, wherein antiviral drugs are printed either alone or in combination with other drugs, for instance, anticancer drugs printed alongside antiviral drugs [64,65].
T99 5329-5448 Sentence denotes In addition, antiviral ODFs can be prepared as a single layered or multi-layered dosage forms, example: entecavir [67].
T100 5449-5554 Sentence denotes Drugs could either be directly loaded onto ODFs or converted into nanoparticles before loading onto ODFs.
T101 5555-5633 Sentence denotes The key ingredients include a film-forming material (polymer) and plasticizer.
T102 5634-5642 Sentence denotes Table 2.
T103 5644-5679 Sentence denotes Antiviral drugs formulated as ODFs.
T104 5680-5841 Sentence denotes Drug name – technique employed to load to ODFs Reason for choosing the drug or API to formulate as an ODFs Polymer Plasticizer Method Key highlight(s) Ref.
T105 5842-6398 Sentence denotes Herpetrione (HPE) – extracted from Herpetospermum caudigerum.HPE nanoparticles were prepared using sodium dodecyl sulfate and PVP K-30 Poor water solubility and low bioavailability Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and l-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) PEG-400 Solvent casting method (SCM) Studies established that ODFs are suitable for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugsSCM is modified to prepare drug nanosuspensionOral bioavailability of HPE nanoparticles was higher when compared HPE coarse suspension [62]
T106 6399-6724 Sentence denotes Herpetrione (HPE)Nanoparticles were prepared and optimized using the Box–Behnken design response surface methodology Poor water solubility and low bioavailability HPMC, MCC, L-HPC PEG-400 SCM ODFs formulation of HPE nanoparticles was successfully optimized using the Box–Behnken design response surface methodology [63]
T107 6725-7138 Sentence denotes CidofovirNanoparticles were prepared using poly(ethylene glycol)–polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL) To achieve its controlled release and also due to its wide spectrum anti-viral activity HPC a Printed using inkjet printer Combination of complexed anti cancer drug (Paclitaxel) and complexed anti viral drug (Cidofovir) were printed onto ODFsMechanical properties of film were enhanced due to drug printing [64,65]
T108 7139-7343 Sentence denotes Acyclovir – solid dispersion was prepared Poor water solubility and low bioavailability HPMC Glycerol SCM Oral administration of ODFs of acyclovir instead of intravenous route of administration [66]
T109 7344-7581 Sentence denotes Entecavir (single or multi-layered ODFs) Low dose − 0.5–1 mg per day Starch, carrageenan, pullulan and many others Acetyl triethyl citrate or propylene glycol or citrate ester or triacetin SCM Multi-layered ODFs were disclosed [67]
T110 7582-7599 Sentence denotes a Nothing found.