PMC:7784828 / 4574-6367 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7784828","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7784828","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7784828","text":"2.1.1. Infectious diseases\nMalaria is an ancient scourge as old as humanity itself. There are over 200 million new infections and around half a million deaths reported every year [5]. Despite many attempts to design effective vaccines, none has been successful at providing long-lasting benefits at a population level [9]. Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, with 10,000 million infections and 1.5 million deaths in 2018 according to the world health organization [10]. Likewise, viruses continue to compromise the lives of tens of millions of people. Globally, influenza virus infects a 1 billion people and causes up to 650,000 deaths every year despite the availability of the flu vaccine [11]. Viral infections inflect heavy societal and economic burdens beside their morbidity and mortality tolls. The past half century has witnessed deadly outbreaks of novel viruses of animal origin other than SARS-CoV2 such as Nipah, Hendra, Hanta, Ebola, several influenza subtypes, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) [12]. These outbreaks warn the urgency of understanding the factors influencing viral diseases emergence and spread as well as global preparedness to halt these epidemics from becoming a full-blown pandemic [13]. Multidrug resistance is yet another emergent global public health threat [14]. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogen are responsible for more than 700,000 deaths per year, and is projected to cause a 10 million deaths per year by 2050 [15]. The World Health Organization along with several other organization have called an urgent action to tackle the spread of antimicrobial resistance and invest in development of new antibiotics 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