| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T94 |
0-4 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3.1. |
| T95 |
6-19 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cost and risk |
| T96 |
20-175 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The amount spent to develop an individual drug largely depends on the costs to conduct safety and efficacy studies and also to secure regulatory approvals. |
| T97 |
176-294 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Estimates for the cost for Drug development range from ~ 1 billion to whopping 11.8 billion for a single drug [27,28]. |
| T98 |
295-412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, around 90% of drugs in development for human use do not reach the market due to safety or efficacy concerns. |
| T99 |
413-520 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Such failures can be due to lack of efficacy, safety issues, or a lack of funding to complete a trial [29]. |
| T100 |
521-784 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In other cases, failing to maintain good manufacturing protocols and follow FDA guidance, as well as problems with patient recruitment, enrollment, retention and follow up can all compound to both complicate and increase the cost needed for drug development [29]. |
| T101 |
785-979 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Given this mounting cost with little success due to high attrition rates, it is obvious that the drug development as a business model is very risky purely from an economical and financial sense. |
| T102 |
980-1203 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Aside from the high cost/high attrition rates nature of the drug discovery process, other drugs, like antibiotics or orphan drugs, are often abandoned and don’t reach the market due to little or no commercial interest [30]. |
