Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T80 |
0-7 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Results |
T81 |
8-94 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 3A–F shows images of the unmasked dummy and with five different face coverings. |
T82 |
95-209 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The frames shown here are the brightest of the sequence of 30 frames, corresponding to the peak particle emission. |
T83 |
210-296 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All other frames, together with raw data, are available in the supplemental materials. |
T84 |
297-384 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Distinct differences in the effectiveness of the various materials can be clearly seen. |
T85 |
385-507 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The unmasked dummy should have the highest particle emission, but the scattering plume appears relatively dim (Figure 3A). |
T86 |
508-639 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This is because the narrow jet crosses the laser sheet quickly, so that at any one-time there are few particles in the laser sheet. |
T87 |
640-829 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The three-layer mask shows some fabric penetration directly in front of the mouth and some turbulent leakage from under the eyes which crosses the laser cone above the forehead (Figure 3B). |
T88 |
830-909 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The single-layer mask shows very high penetration and some leakage (Figure 3C). |
T89 |
910-1095 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The brightness of the penetrating aerosol is around five-times greater than even the unmasked dummy, but this is due to the slower, broader flow which fills the laser beam with aerosol. |
T90 |
1096-1105 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 3. |
T91 |
1107-1135 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Testing mask fabric and fit. |
T92 |
1136-1218 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Top row: (A) no mask, (B) three-layer textile mask, (C) single-layer textile mask. |
T93 |
1219-1307 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bottom row: (D) CE marked FFP1 PPE mask, (E) CE marked Type 2 medical mask, (F) bandana. |
T94 |
1308-1366 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Intensity scaled to 100–20,000 counts with ‘bb’ colourmap. |
T95 |
1367-1425 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Similarly, the bandana shows high penetration (Figure 3F). |
T96 |
1426-1598 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this case, the leakage appears less intense, likely as there is less resistance from the fabric that would otherwise force the breath to find a path of lower resistance. |
T97 |
1599-1750 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The medical mask (Figure 3E) and FFP1 (Figure 3D) mask display no detectable penetration but instead show a few turbulent jets from the cheek and eyes. |
T98 |
1751-1867 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The leakage at the cheek is easier to discern from inspection of the whole time series (see supplemental materials). |
T99 |
1868-2000 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In the image of the FFP1 mask, the wisp in front of the mask can be seen to originate at the cheek and did not penetrate the fabric. |
T100 |
2001-2156 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These leakage jets tend to be directed over the forehead, or across the cheek, and are only partly moved into the laser cone by the extraction air current. |