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{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":0,"end":10},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":11,"end":150},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":151,"end":290},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":291,"end":393},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":394,"end":492},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":493,"end":716},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":717,"end":815},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":816,"end":968},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":969,"end":1116},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1188},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":1189,"end":1286},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1486},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":1487,"end":1625},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":1626,"end":1796},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":1797,"end":1909},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":1910,"end":2104},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":2105,"end":2201},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":2202,"end":2316},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":2317,"end":2473},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":2474,"end":2510},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":2511,"end":2584},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":2585,"end":2678},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":2679,"end":2691},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":2692,"end":2726},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":2727,"end":2874},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":2875,"end":2964},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Patient 2: An 89-year old man with a personal history of chronic ischemic cardiopathy, permanent atrial fibrillation, hypertension and hypothyroidism. He has a previous history of alcoholism and several hospital admissions in the last 3 months on account of infectious respiratory diseases. He came to the hospital on 2 April after 7 days of shortness of breath, fever, asthenia and dry cough. He was in contact with a person who returned from a foreign country, where COVID-19 was extending. Physical examination shows signs of respiratory failure characterized by tachycardia, polypnea, intercostal and supraclavicular muscle retraction, high blood pressure, oxygen saturation of 82%, poor diuresis and drowsiness. Chest x-rays showed bilateral pulmonary inflammatory infiltrates, predominantly in the right lung. Admission ECG showed an atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and the initial gasometry showed severe hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis. Patient also had leukocytosis, altered globular sedimentation rate as well as elevated values of AST, LDH, D-dimer and positive C-reactive protein. He was admitted into the ICU requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir, chloroquine, IFN α-2b, meropenem and linezolid was initiated. 3 days after his admission into the ICU, itolizumab was prescribed, due to worsening of the bilateral pulmonary infiltrates together with a deterioration of the ventilatory function (PO2/FiO2 = 173). After the first antibody infusion, PO2/FiO2 significantly increased (PO2/FiO2 = 320) and there were evidences of radiological improvement. 3 days after, patient showed radiological worsening of the left lung, characterized by alveolar hypoventilation and atelectasis; then, a 70% pneumothorax was established. Treatment of the pneumothorax with minimal pleurotomy was very demanding and required 3 days for the resolution. The patient received a second infusion of the monoclonal antibody 72 h after the first, while a third dose was administered at the discretion of the treating physicians, 2 days after the second. In total, patient received three doses of itolizumab (200 mg) without any related adverse event. IL-6 levels were evaluated before itolizumab administration and after 2, 4 and 7 days of the first administration. IL-6 was extremely high at baseline (623 pg/ml) and even though cytokine levels reduced roughly 50%, the lowest value remained above 300 pg/ml after 7 days. IL-6 kinetics is shown in Figure 2A. Apart from IL-6, IL-1 was undetectable at this time point of the disease. Interesting, in the case of AST, a significant reduction is detecting at day 7 (pretreatment: 156 U/l, D7: 40 U/l) as is showed in Figure 2B. After 10 days of admission into the ICU, patient presented a myocardial dysfunction and shock that required vasoactive support with norepinephrine. On day 13, he finally died, on account of a mixed cardiovascular and respiratory failure."}

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