PMC:7736111 / 89155-91393 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7736111","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7736111","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7736111","text":"Deep immune profiling integrated with computational approach revealed intricate relations of B cell response with clinical parameters at various stages of the COVID-19 disease severity. These cells express proliferation (Ki67+), differentiation (CD27+ CD38+), as well as exhaustion markers (PD-1+). More robust expression of these markers was observed in severe cases compared to mild-moderate, with an overall decrease in memory B cell number (Mathew et al., 2020). Further, 70% of the patients reported have IgG and IgM S protein-specific antibodies, suggesting activation status of the antibody-secreting plasmablasts. Thus, this study shows that B cells, in severe cases, display concomitant activation and exhaustion markers, while mild cases or healthy controls showed a normal response. However, how this activated status of B cells had an impact on disease severity was not studied. By looking at the alleged relationship of activated B cells with disease severity, Woodruff et al. (2020) showed robust activation status of extrafollicular B cells which resembled their behavior in autoimmune condition. The activation status of these cells was found more pronounced in critically ill patients (n = 10) than non-critical (n = 7) and healthy control (n = 17), which correlated with SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody production and disease progression. Further, an increase in antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) was found in critically ill cases compared to non-severe cases along with an increase in S protein-specific antibodies, probably with a non-neutralizing property. This study shows that in some patients with a critical disease condition, robust B cell response and presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific antibodies may be associated with worsening of the disease condition. The ASCs were identified as the population of cells with CD138+ and CD21low expression. However, no comparison was drawn between various age groups concerning disease severity. While across studies, B cell activation is apparent in severe cases, it is subsequently associated with a sharp decline in their number. Various mechanisms may be responsible for this decline, among which B cell exhaustion is one, but still poorly understood (Yi et al., 2010).","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1090,"end":1110},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A20","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002960"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2209","span":{"begin":1841,"end":1846},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2210","span":{"begin":487,"end":495},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2211","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1201},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2212","span":{"begin":1603,"end":1611},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2213","span":{"begin":1289,"end":1299},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2214","span":{"begin":1686,"end":1696},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2215","span":{"begin":159,"end":167},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2216","span":{"begin":1178,"end":1192},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2217","span":{"begin":1423,"end":1437},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2209","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2209","obj":"Gene:6382"},{"id":"A2210","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2210","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2211","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2211","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2212","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2212","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2213","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2213","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A2214","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2214","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A2215","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2215","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A2216","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2216","obj":"MESH:D016638"},{"id":"A2217","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2217","obj":"MESH:D016638"},{"subj":"2209","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2210","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2211","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2212","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2213","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2214","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2215","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2216","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2217","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T523","span":{"begin":0,"end":185},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T524","span":{"begin":186,"end":298},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T525","span":{"begin":299,"end":466},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T526","span":{"begin":467,"end":621},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T527","span":{"begin":622,"end":793},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T528","span":{"begin":794,"end":890},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T529","span":{"begin":891,"end":1111},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T530","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1353},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T531","span":{"begin":1354,"end":1572},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T532","span":{"begin":1573,"end":1783},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T533","span":{"begin":1784,"end":1871},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T534","span":{"begin":1872,"end":1960},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T535","span":{"begin":1961,"end":2097},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T536","span":{"begin":2098,"end":2238},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T523","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T524","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T525","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T526","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T527","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T528","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T529","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T530","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T531","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T532","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T533","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T534","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T535","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T536","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#a993ec","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#97ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ec93b1"}]}]}}