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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 83-91 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
10 744-749 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
11 177-184 Species denotes infants Tax:9606
12 515-525 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
13 549-573 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
14 575-583 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
15 606-614 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
16 877-885 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
17 1366-1375 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
19 2342-2347 Species denotes child Tax:9606
27 2533-2538 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
28 3664-3669 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
29 2668-2673 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
30 3262-3270 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
31 3374-3382 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
32 2734-2742 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
33 3299-3307 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
35 3801-3809 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
38 4201-4206 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
39 4208-4216 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
42 4352-4359 Species denotes infants Tax:9606
43 4391-4399 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
45 4778-4802 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
49 4940-4947 Species denotes infants Tax:9606
50 4979-4987 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
51 5016-5024 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
53 5112-5117 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
57 5270-5275 Species denotes women Tax:9606
58 5192-5200 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
59 5250-5258 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
61 5743-5751 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
73 5925-5930 Species denotes women Tax:9606
74 6021-6026 Species denotes women Tax:9606
75 5902-5910 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
76 5992-6000 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
77 6162-6170 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
78 6717-6725 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
79 6949-6957 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
80 7275-7283 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
81 7686-7694 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
82 8008-8016 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
83 8105-8113 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
85 8749-8773 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
91 8953-8961 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
92 9185-9193 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
93 9325-9333 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
94 9602-9610 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
95 9890-9898 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
97 10073-10081 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
102 10746-10756 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
103 11179-11184 Species denotes women Tax:9606
104 10864-10872 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
105 11203-11211 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
117 11291-11296 Species denotes women Tax:9606
118 12244-12254 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
119 12351-12361 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
120 12388-12393 Species denotes women Tax:9606
121 11822-11825 Chemical denotes AAP
122 11987-11990 Chemical denotes AAP
123 11252-11260 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
124 11407-11415 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
125 11912-11920 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
126 12399-12407 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
127 12500-12508 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
131 12615-12623 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
132 12769-12777 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
133 13192-13200 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
136 13531-13536 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
137 13949-13957 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
141 15273-15280 Species denotes infants Tax:9606
142 15077-15080 Chemical denotes AAP
143 15287-15290 Chemical denotes AAP
147 15709-15714 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
148 15818-15823 Gene denotes mPINC Gene:723792
149 15905-15913 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
154 16115-16120 Species denotes Women Tax:9606
155 16344-16351 Species denotes infants Tax:9606
156 16327-16330 Chemical denotes AAP
157 16149-16157 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
160 16617-16625 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
161 16626-16635 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
163 16820-16829 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
165 17185-17193 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
167 17561-17566 Gene denotes mpinc Gene:723792
169 17755-17763 Disease denotes covid-19 MESH:C000657245
171 17939-17950 Species denotes Coronavirus Tax:11118
174 18005-18008 Gene denotes hcp Gene:259
175 17983-18004 Species denotes coronavirus/2019-ncov Tax:2697049
180 18074-18096 Species denotes 2019-novel-coronavirus Tax:2697049
181 18154-18161 Species denotes infants Tax:9606
182 18097-18116 Disease denotes covid-19-infections MESH:C000657245
183 18170-18178 Disease denotes covid-19 MESH:C000657245
187 18236-18239 Gene denotes hcp Gene:259
188 18214-18235 Species denotes coronavirus/2019-ncov Tax:2697049
189 18240-18249 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
193 18479-18482 Gene denotes hcp Gene:259
194 18457-18478 Species denotes coronavirus/2019-ncov Tax:2697049
195 18506-18511 Species denotes women Tax:9606

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-132 Sentence denotes Implementation of Hospital Practices Supportive of Breastfeeding in the Context of COVID-19 — United States, July 15–August 20, 2020
T2 134-268 Sentence denotes Breastfeeding has health benefits for both infants and mothers and is recommended by numerous health and medical organizations*,† (1).
T3 269-589 Sentence denotes The birth hospitalization is a critical period for establishing breastfeeding; however, some hospital practices, particularly related to mother-newborn contact, have given rise to concern about the potential for mother-to-newborn transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2).
T4 590-834 Sentence denotes CDC conducted a COVID-19 survey (July 15–August 20, 2020) among 1,344 hospitals that completed the 2018 Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey to assess current practices and breastfeeding support while in the hospital.
T5 835-1178 Sentence denotes Among mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, 14.0% of hospitals discouraged and 6.5% prohibited skin-to-skin care; 37.8% discouraged and 5.3% prohibited rooming-in; 20.1% discouraged direct breastfeeding but allowed it if the mother chose; and 12.7% did not support direct breastfeeding, but encouraged feeding of expressed breast milk.
T6 1179-1353 Sentence denotes In response to the pandemic, 17.9% of hospitals reported reduced in-person lactation support, and 72.9% reported discharging mothers and their newborns <48 hours after birth.
T8 1510-1651 Sentence denotes Mothers who are separated from their newborn or not feeding directly at the breast might need additional postdischarge breastfeeding support.
T7 1354-1509 Sentence denotes Some of the infection prevention and control (IPC) practices that hospitals were implementing conflicted with evidence-based care to support breastfeeding.
T9 1652-1821 Sentence denotes In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that newborns discharged before 48 hours receive prompt follow-up with a pediatric health care provider.
T10 1822-2214 Sentence denotes Peripartum practices, including immediate maternal-newborn skin-to-skin contact, enabling mothers and newborns to room-in together, and teaching mothers to breastfeed (e.g., demonstrating good positioning and attachment and supporting mothers to express breast milk if they are temporarily separated from their newborns), are recommended worldwide for implementation in birth hospitals (3,4).
T11 2215-2361 Sentence denotes These practices have a positive impact on both short- and long-term breastfeeding outcomes, which in turn benefit maternal and child health (5,6).
T12 2362-2526 Sentence denotes Guidance on care during the birth hospitalization has evolved with the pandemic and at times has varied across public health and professional medical organizations.
T13 2527-2850 Sentence denotes CDC’s mPINC survey is a census of all birth hospitals in the United States and its territories.§ The 2,039 hospitals that completed the 2018 mPINC survey (70% response) were sent an e-mail link to a 13-item COVID-19 survey, conducted using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) (version 10.0.08; Vanderbilt University).
T14 2851-2945 Sentence denotes The survey was open during July 15–August 20, 2020 and asked about current hospital practices.
T15 2946-3071 Sentence denotes Maternity services had been closed at 22 hospitals, and 130 e-mailed surveys were undeliverable (i.e., e-mails bounced back).
T16 3072-3179 Sentence denotes Overall, 1,344 hospitals completed the survey (66.6% overall response rate; 71.2% among delivered surveys).
T17 3180-3402 Sentence denotes Hospitals were asked about their actual or planned approach to managing maternity patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (as defined by the hospital), and the approximate number of these patients they had cared for.
T18 3403-3487 Sentence denotes Descriptive analyses were conducted using SAS software (version 9.4; SAS Institute).
T19 3488-3677 Sentence denotes This activity was reviewed by CDC and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.¶ Data on annual births and hospital type were obtained from the 2018 mPINC survey.
T20 3678-3897 Sentence denotes Among 1,343 hospitals with available information, 724 (53.9%) had cared for one to 19 newborns whose mothers had confirmed COVID-19; 152 (11.4%) had cared for 20 or more, and 457 (34.0%) had not cared for any (Table 1).
T21 3898-4039 Sentence denotes Approximately one half of the hospitals reported fewer than 1,000 annual births, 42.0% reported 1,000–4,999, and 2.8% reported 5,000 or more.
T22 4040-4089 Sentence denotes The majority (78.8%) of hospitals were nonprofit.
T23 4090-4278 Sentence denotes TABLE 1 Characteristics of hospitals participating in CDC’s Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) COVID-19 survey — U.S. states and territories, July 15–August 20, 2020
T24 4279-4302 Sentence denotes Characteristic No. (%)
T25 4303-4344 Sentence denotes Total responding hospitals 1,344 (100.0)
T26 4345-4432 Sentence denotes No. of infants born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19 since the start of the pandemic*
T27 4433-4446 Sentence denotes 0 457 (34.0)
T28 4447-4463 Sentence denotes 1–19 724 (53.9)
T29 4464-4480 Sentence denotes 20–59 111 (8.3)
T30 4481-4496 Sentence denotes 60–99 24 (1.8)
T31 4497-4511 Sentence denotes ≥100 17 (1.3)
T32 4512-4533 Sentence denotes Do not know 10 (0.7)
T33 4534-4550 Sentence denotes Hospital type †
T34 4551-4574 Sentence denotes Nonprofit 1,059 (78.8)
T35 4575-4594 Sentence denotes Private 221 (16.4)
T36 4595-4624 Sentence denotes Government/Military 64 (4.8)
T37 4625-4650 Sentence denotes Hospital annual births †
T38 4651-4667 Sentence denotes <500 438 (32.6)
T39 4668-4687 Sentence denotes 500–999 305 (22.7)
T40 4688-4711 Sentence denotes 1,000–1,999 285 (21.2)
T41 4712-4735 Sentence denotes 2,000–4,999 279 (20.8)
T42 4736-4752 Sentence denotes ≥5,000 37 (2.8)
T43 4753-4803 Sentence denotes Abbreviation: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
T44 4804-4880 Sentence denotes * Because of a missing response, the sample size for this question is 1,343.
T45 4881-5038 Sentence denotes Hospitals were asked to estimate the approximate number of infants born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19; no definition of confirmed COVID-19 was provided.
T46 5039-5125 Sentence denotes † Hospital type and annual births were reported by hospitals in the 2018 mPINC survey.
T47 5126-5317 Sentence denotes Among 1,344 birth hospitals, 1,211 (90.2%) reported having enough COVID-19 tests, and 864 (64.3%) were performing universal COVID-19 testing of women admitted to labor and delivery (Table 2).
T48 5318-5651 Sentence denotes Few hospitals (4.8%) reported separating all mothers and newborns until the mother received a negative test result, and 28.6% separated newborns and mothers if the mother was symptomatic or had a known exposure until test results were obtained; 24.2% separated mothers and newborns only if the mother received a positive test result.
T49 5652-5815 Sentence denotes TABLE 2 Hospital maternity care practices and breastfeeding support in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic — U.S. states and territories, July 15–August 20, 2020
T50 5816-5891 Sentence denotes Hospital maternity care practices (no. with available information) No. (%)
T51 5892-5982 Sentence denotes Universal COVID-19 testing among women admitted to labor and delivery (1,344) 864 (64.3)
T52 5983-6080 Sentence denotes Adequate COVID-19 tests available for women admitted to labor and delivery (1,343) 1,211 (90.2)
T53 6081-6184 Sentence denotes Is hospital separating mothers and newborns until the mother receives a negative COVID-19 test? (1,322)
T54 6185-6270 Sentence denotes Yes, all newborns are separated until mother receives a negative result     64 (4.8)
T55 6271-6386 Sentence denotes No, newborns are only separated from mothers with symptoms or known exposure while awaiting results     378 (28.6)
T56 6387-6491 Sentence denotes No, all mothers and newborns remain together until the mother receives a positive result     320 (24.2)
T57 6492-6610 Sentence denotes No, all mothers and newborns are kept together regardless of symptoms, known exposure, or test results     560 (42.4)
T58 6611-6733 Sentence denotes Skin-to-skin care in the first hour after birth of a healthy newborn whose mother has suspected/confirmed COVID-19 (1,335)
T59 6734-6760 Sentence denotes Encouraged     178 (13.3)
T60 6761-6835 Sentence denotes Determined case-by-case as shared decision with the mother     883 (66.1)
T61 6836-6863 Sentence denotes Discouraged     187 (14.0)
T62 6864-6888 Sentence denotes Prohibited     87 (6.5)
T63 6889-6965 Sentence denotes Rooming-in for newborns of mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 (1,334)
T64 6966-7015 Sentence denotes Encouraged; no precautions required     34 (2.6)
T65 7016-7080 Sentence denotes Encouraged with precautions to maintain distance     726 (54.4)
T66 7081-7144 Sentence denotes Discouraged, but allowed if mother’s preference     504 (37.8)
T67 7145-7223 Sentence denotes Prohibited; newborn was cared for in a room separate from mother     70 (5.3)
T68 7224-7291 Sentence denotes Breastfeeding for mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 (1,334)
T69 7292-7382 Sentence denotes Direct breastfeeding encouraged with precautions (e.g., mask, handwashing)     893 (66.9)
T70 7383-7478 Sentence denotes Direct breastfeeding discouraged but allowed with precautions if mother chooses     268 (20.1)
T71 7479-7611 Sentence denotes Direct breastfeeding not supported, but mothers encouraged to express breast milk for feeding by a healthy caregiver     170 (12.7)
T72 7612-7652 Sentence denotes Formula feeding recommended     3 (0.2)
T73 7653-7774 Sentence denotes Mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 who are not breastfeeding are supported to start expressing breast milk (1,316)
T74 7775-7811 Sentence denotes Within 1 hr of birth     438 (33.3)
T75 7812-7847 Sentence denotes 1–3 hrs after birth     645 (49.0)
T76 7848-7883 Sentence denotes 4–6 hrs after birth     195 (14.8)
T77 7884-7927 Sentence denotes Timing is not a consideration     34 (2.6)
T78 7928-7992 Sentence denotes Mothers are discouraged from expressing breast milk     4 (0.3)
T79 7993-8089 Sentence denotes Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, direct lactation support has decreased (1,339)     239 (17.9)
T80 8090-8212 Sentence denotes Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital is discharging mothers and newborns <48 hrs after birth (1,337)     975 (72.9)
T81 8213-8291 Sentence denotes Postdischarge breastfeeding support currently offered by the hospital* (1,344)
T82 8292-8353 Sentence denotes In-person breastfeeding support consultations     802 (59.7)
T83 8354-8405 Sentence denotes Virtual breastfeeding consultations     655 (48.7)
T84 8406-8466 Sentence denotes Information on how to access a breast pump     1,047 (77.9)
T85 8467-8529 Sentence denotes Renting or lending hospital-grade breast pumps     469 (34.9)
T86 8530-8607 Sentence denotes     Hospital exclusive breastfeeding rate since start of the pandemic (1,341)
T87 8608-8633 Sentence denotes Increased     152 (11.3)
T88 8634-8659 Sentence denotes Decreased     164 (12.2)
T89 8660-8697 Sentence denotes Stayed about the same     924 (68.9)
T90 8698-8723 Sentence denotes Don’t know     101 (7.5)
T91 8724-8774 Sentence denotes Abbreviation: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
T92 8775-8845 Sentence denotes * Hospital could indicate all types of discharge support that applied.
T93 8846-9213 Sentence denotes Overall, 178 (13.3%) hospitals encouraged skin-to-skin contact between mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and their newborns immediately after birth, and 883 (66.1%) decided this on a case-by-case basis; 187 (14.0%) hospitals discouraged, and 87 (6.5%) prohibited skin-to-skin contact between mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and their newborns.
T94 9214-9442 Sentence denotes Approximately one half of hospitals (726; 54.4%) encouraged rooming-in for mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, with precautions to maintain distance, whereas 504 (37.8%) discouraged and 70 (5.3%) prohibited rooming-in.
T95 9443-9848 Sentence denotes Approximately two thirds of hospitals supported direct breastfeeding with precautions (e.g., mask use and handwashing) for mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (893; 66.9%), whereas 268 (20.1%) discouraged direct breastfeeding but would allow it according to mother’s choice, and 170 (12.7%) did not support direct breastfeeding but encouraged expressed breast milk feeding by a healthy caregiver.
T96 9849-10057 Sentence denotes When mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were not breastfeeding directly, 438 (33.3%) hospitals reported supporting expression of breast milk within 1 hour of birth, and 645 (49.0%) within 1–3 hours.
T97 10058-10235 Sentence denotes Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, 239 (17.9%) hospitals reported decreased access to in-person lactation support and 72.9% discharged mothers and newborns <48 hours after birth.
T98 10236-10363 Sentence denotes After discharge, 802 (59.7%) and 655 (48.7%) hospitals offered in-person and virtual breastfeeding consultations, respectively.
T99 10364-10603 Sentence denotes Since the start of the pandemic, 924 hospitals (68.9%) reported that their exclusive breastfeeding rates during hospitalization had stayed about the same, and similar percentages reported increases (11.3%), compared with decreases (12.2%).
T100 10605-10615 Sentence denotes Discussion
T101 10616-10885 Sentence denotes During a 5-week period (July 15–August 20) when many areas of the country were experiencing substantial community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, hospitals were implementing a variety of practices intended to balance evidence-based maternity care with COVID-19-related IPC.
T102 10886-11212 Sentence denotes Hospital practices are likely evolving along with the pandemic (7), potentially driven by multiple factors, including level of community transmission, guidance from public health and medical professional organizations, and a hospital’s own experience in preparation for or caring for pregnant women and newborns with COVID-19.
T103 11213-11347 Sentence denotes Various organizations have promulgated COVID-19 guidance on care for pregnant women and newborns, which at times has been conflicting.
T104 11348-11763 Sentence denotes The World Health Organization recommends that mothers with COVID-19 be able to practice skin-to-skin care, rooming-in, and direct breastfeeding while wearing a mask, unless they are too ill to do so**; similar guidance is supported by the American Academy of Family Physicians,†† and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists§§ promotes shared decision-making with the mother and the health care team.
T105 11764-11925 Sentence denotes On the other hand, when this survey was launched, CDC and AAP recommended temporary separation of newborns from mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (8).
T106 11926-12076 Sentence denotes During data collection for this survey, CDC (August 3¶¶) and AAP (July 22***) updated their guidance, supporting maternal autonomy in decision-making.
T107 12077-12177 Sentence denotes Changes in guidance reflect evolving knowledge about the virus and its potential impact on newborns.
T108 12178-12275 Sentence denotes To date, there has been no definitive evidence of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through breast milk.
T109 12276-12513 Sentence denotes In addition, there have been reports of secretory immunoglobulin A against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk samples of women with COVID-19, suggesting that breastfeeding might be particularly important for newborns of mothers with COVID-19 (9).
T110 12514-12742 Sentence denotes One third of hospitals in this study reported not having cared for any neonates born to mothers with COVID-19; however, others had extensive experience, including 17 hospitals reporting caring for at least 100 of these newborns.
T111 12743-12970 Sentence denotes Follow-up of mothers with COVID-19 delivering at three large New York birth hospitals found reduced breastfeeding rates both in the hospital and after returning home among mothers who had been separated from their newborns (7).
T112 12971-13227 Sentence denotes After identification of this finding, and the observed stress among mothers and newborns as a result of separation, the hospital system revised its policy and began to allow asymptomatic mothers with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 to room-in and breastfeed.
T113 13228-13347 Sentence denotes Nearly one in five hospitals in this study reported that in-person lactation support had decreased during the pandemic.
T114 13348-13574 Sentence denotes Approximately 60% of hospitals in this study reported offering in-person breastfeeding consultations postdischarge, compared with 69% of hospitals reporting offering this in the 2018 mPINC survey (CDC, unpublished data, 2020).
T115 13575-13843 Sentence denotes Lactation specialists working in health care settings should follow recommended IPC measures for those settings.††† Nearly one half of hospitals reported offering virtual breastfeeding consultations; however, no data are available on this practice before the pandemic.
T116 13844-13958 Sentence denotes Notably, these changes in lactation support affect newborns broadly, not just those born to mothers with COVID-19.
T117 13959-14144 Sentence denotes Approximately equal numbers of hospitals reported that their exclusive breastfeeding rates had increased and decreased; the majority reported the rate had stayed approximately the same.
T118 14145-14187 Sentence denotes The reasons for these changes are unknown.
T119 14188-14331 Sentence denotes However, the pandemic could contribute to reduced breastfeeding as a result of maternal/newborn separation and reductions in lactation support.
T120 14332-14702 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the visitor restriction policies implemented by many hospitals could potentially provide more opportunities for breastfeeding and for a mother to learn her newborn’s feeding cues.§§§ Longer-term monitoring of exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge will be important to assess as one measure of the impact of the pandemic on infant health.
T121 14703-14838 Sentence denotes Approximately three fourths of hospitals reported discharging mothers and their newborns <48 hours after birth because of the pandemic.
T122 14839-15286 Sentence denotes No standard length of stay for the birth hospitalization exists, but the Newborn Mothers’ Health and Protection Act of 1996 prohibits the restriction of benefits to <48 hours for a vaginal delivery or <96 hours for a cesarean section.¶¶¶ AAP describes discharge <48 hours after delivery as a “shortened hospital stay” and notes that although it can be accommodated for healthy term newborns, it is not appropriate for all mothers and infants (10).
T132 16487-16526 Sentence denotes What is already known about this topic?
T133 16527-16668 Sentence denotes Evidence-based hospital practices supporting breastfeeding have sometimes conflicted with COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures.
T134 16670-16699 Sentence denotes What is added by this report?
T123 15287-15441 Sentence denotes AAP also recommends that all newborns discharged <48 hours after birth be evaluated by a pediatric health care provider within 48 hours of discharge (10).
T124 15442-15621 Sentence denotes This visit, in part, assesses effective feeding, which might be more critical during the pandemic when breastfeeding mothers might be receiving reduced hospital lactation support.
T125 15622-15692 Sentence denotes The findings in this report are subject to at least three limitations.
T126 15693-15831 Sentence denotes First, although mPINC is a census of all birth hospitals, this survey was only sent to the hospitals that completed the 2018 mPINC survey.
T127 15832-15963 Sentence denotes Second, hospitals used their own definitions for suspected and confirmed COVID-19, and those definitions might have been different.
T128 15964-16035 Sentence denotes Finally, data captured in this survey represent a single point in time.
T129 16036-16114 Sentence denotes Policies and practices likely will continue to change as the pandemic evolves.
T130 16115-16477 Sentence denotes Women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who are separated from their newborns and whose newborns are not feeding directly at the breast might need timely, professional, breastfeeding support.**** In addition, AAP advises that infants discharged <48 hours after delivery receive prompt follow-up with a pediatric health care provider to ensure optimal feeding.
T131 16478-16485 Sentence denotes Summary
T135 16700-16853 Sentence denotes During summer 2020, hospitals implemented a variety of practices intended to balance evidence-based maternity care with infection prevention and control.
T136 16854-17033 Sentence denotes Because of the pandemic, 17.9% of hospitals reported that in-person lactation support had decreased, and 72.9% reported discharging mothers and their babies <48 hours after birth.
T137 17035-17088 Sentence denotes What are the implications for public health practice?
T138 17089-17203 Sentence denotes Additional postdischarge breastfeeding support and newborn follow-up might be needed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
T139 17204-17359 Sentence denotes Longer-term monitoring of exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge will be important for assessing this aspect of the pandemic on infant health.
T140 17361-17438 Sentence denotes * https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/about-breastfeeding/why-it-matters.html.
T141 17439-17518 Sentence denotes † https://apps.who.int/nutrition/topics/exclusive_breastfeeding/en/index.html.
T142 17519-17567 Sentence denotes § https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/mpinc.
T143 17568-17618 Sentence denotes ¶ 45 C.F.R. part 46, 21 C.F.R. part 56; 42 U.S.C.
T144 17619-17624 Sentence denotes Sect.
T145 17625-17641 Sentence denotes 241(d); 5 U.S.C.
T146 17642-17647 Sentence denotes Sect.
T147 17648-17663 Sentence denotes 552a; 44 U.S.C.
T148 17664-17669 Sentence denotes Sect.
T149 17670-17682 Sentence denotes 3501 et seq.
T150 17683-17764 Sentence denotes ** https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/breastfeeding-and-covid-19.
T151 17765-17836 Sentence denotes †† https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/breastfeeding-covid19.html.
T152 17837-17958 Sentence denotes §§ https://www.acog.org/en/Clinical/Clinical%20Guidance/Practice%20Advisory/Articles/2020/03/Novel%20Coronavirus%202019.
T153 17959-18034 Sentence denotes ¶¶ https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/caring-for-newborns.html.
T154 18035-18188 Sentence denotes *** https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/faqs-management-of-infants-born-to-covid-19-mothers/.
T155 18189-18279 Sentence denotes ††† https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html.
T156 18280-18329 Sentence denotes §§§ https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/933964.
T157 18330-18430 Sentence denotes ¶¶¶ https://www.cms.gov/CCIIO/Programs-and-Initiatives/Other-Insurance-Protections/nmhpa_factsheet.
T158 18431-18517 Sentence denotes **** https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/care-for-breastfeeding-women.html.
T159 18519-18670 Sentence denotes All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest.
T160 18671-18721 Sentence denotes No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.