PMC:7696151 / 8596-9883 JSONTXT

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{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":0,"end":115},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":116,"end":215},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":216,"end":355},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":356,"end":486},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":487,"end":598},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":599,"end":771},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":772,"end":949},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":950,"end":1164},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":1165,"end":1287},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"HIV is part of the genus Lentivirus, of the Retroviridae family, and it is divided into two lines: HIV-1 and HIV-2. The most virulent and infectious is HIV-1, since it causes most of the HIV infections in the world. The target cells of HIV are those rich in CD4 receptors, such as some lymphocytes called CD4+, which play a crucial role in human immunity. Indeed, these lymphocytes activate different immune system cells depending on the type of unwanted host they come in contact with. It seems that acute HIV infection is highly linked to a rapid depletion of CD4+ T cells in gut lymphoid tissue. This event is related to an alteration of the intestinal mucosa integrity, resulting in bloodstream translocation of microbial products like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [42]. It has been hypothesized that LPS, through the binding and activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), is responsible for the immune system activation observed in HIV infection. Although the real HCQ mechanism of action has not been well assessed, it seems that the anti-HIV effects are highly linked to the post-translational modification of glycoprotein 120 (gp120) in monocyte and T cells. Consequently, there was a modification of gp120 immunogenic properties and a reduction of new virions infectivity [15,16]."}