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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":747,"end":760},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A128","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T128","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"}],"text":"The biological activities of this nutrient are also associated with the reduced cellular potential of oxygen, which mainly depends on the ratio between reduced/oxidized glutathione [143]. In addition, glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytes plus secretory activities and bacterial killing of neutrophils. In immune cells, glucose is mainly converted into lactate (glycolysis), while glutamine is converted into glutamate, aspartate and alanine undergoing a partial oxidation in carbon dioxide, in a process of glutaminolysis [142]. This unique conversion plays a crucial role in the effective functioning of immunity. Glutamine is necessary for the expression of a variety of immune system genes [144], in particular through the activation of proteins, such as the ERK and JNK kinases which are involved in the activation of transcription factors, including JNK and AP-1, finally promoting the transcription of genes that participate in cell proliferation. Besides, a sufficient level of glutamine is important to express the key markers of the cell surface of the lymphocytes and also various cytokines, for example, IL-6, IFN and TNF [143–145]. In healthy subjects with a balanced diet, glutamine supplementation does not increase the effectiveness of immune surveillance or prevent disease episodes, as reported by some reviews, but in some catabolic situations or in a low glutamine intake obtained from the diet, the amino acid supplementation could be required [142]."}

LitCovid-PD-CLO

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T670","span":{"begin":15,"end":25},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T671","span":{"begin":301,"end":311},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000234"},{"id":"T672","span":{"begin":327,"end":337},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T673","span":{"begin":386,"end":391},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T674","span":{"begin":526,"end":527},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T675","span":{"begin":568,"end":569},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T676","span":{"begin":632,"end":633},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T677","span":{"begin":734,"end":735},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T678","span":{"begin":747,"end":760},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"T679","span":{"begin":761,"end":766},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T680","span":{"begin":800,"end":810},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T681","span":{"begin":882,"end":892},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T682","span":{"begin":937,"end":939},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001547"},{"id":"T683","span":{"begin":982,"end":987},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T684","span":{"begin":1008,"end":1012},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T685","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1038},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T686","span":{"begin":1116,"end":1120},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T687","span":{"begin":1243,"end":1244},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T688","span":{"begin":1442,"end":1443},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"The biological activities of this nutrient are also associated with the reduced cellular potential of oxygen, which mainly depends on the ratio between reduced/oxidized glutathione [143]. In addition, glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytes plus secretory activities and bacterial killing of neutrophils. In immune cells, glucose is mainly converted into lactate (glycolysis), while glutamine is converted into glutamate, aspartate and alanine undergoing a partial oxidation in carbon dioxide, in a process of glutaminolysis [142]. This unique conversion plays a crucial role in the effective functioning of immunity. Glutamine is necessary for the expression of a variety of immune system genes [144], in particular through the activation of proteins, such as the ERK and JNK kinases which are involved in the activation of transcription factors, including JNK and AP-1, finally promoting the transcription of genes that participate in cell proliferation. Besides, a sufficient level of glutamine is important to express the key markers of the cell surface of the lymphocytes and also various cytokines, for example, IL-6, IFN and TNF [143–145]. In healthy subjects with a balanced diet, glutamine supplementation does not increase the effectiveness of immune surveillance or prevent disease episodes, as reported by some reviews, but in some catabolic situations or in a low glutamine intake obtained from the diet, the amino acid supplementation could be required [142]."}

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":240,"end":264},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046651"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":269,"end":288},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001816"},{"id":"T241","span":{"begin":435,"end":445},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006096"},{"id":"T242","span":{"begin":896,"end":917},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000981"},{"id":"T243","span":{"begin":896,"end":909},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T244","span":{"begin":965,"end":978},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":1008,"end":1026},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008283"}],"text":"The biological activities of this nutrient are also associated with the reduced cellular potential of oxygen, which mainly depends on the ratio between reduced/oxidized glutathione [143]. In addition, glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytes plus secretory activities and bacterial killing of neutrophils. In immune cells, glucose is mainly converted into lactate (glycolysis), while glutamine is converted into glutamate, aspartate and alanine undergoing a partial oxidation in carbon dioxide, in a process of glutaminolysis [142]. This unique conversion plays a crucial role in the effective functioning of immunity. Glutamine is necessary for the expression of a variety of immune system genes [144], in particular through the activation of proteins, such as the ERK and JNK kinases which are involved in the activation of transcription factors, including JNK and AP-1, finally promoting the transcription of genes that participate in cell proliferation. Besides, a sufficient level of glutamine is important to express the key markers of the cell surface of the lymphocytes and also various cytokines, for example, IL-6, IFN and TNF [143–145]. In healthy subjects with a balanced diet, glutamine supplementation does not increase the effectiveness of immune surveillance or prevent disease episodes, as reported by some reviews, but in some catabolic situations or in a low glutamine intake obtained from the diet, the amino acid supplementation could be required [142]."}

LitCovid-sentences

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T338","span":{"begin":0,"end":187},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T339","span":{"begin":188,"end":375},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":376,"end":602},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T341","span":{"begin":603,"end":688},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T342","span":{"begin":689,"end":1027},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T343","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1217},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T344","span":{"begin":1218,"end":1544},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"The biological activities of this nutrient are also associated with the reduced cellular potential of oxygen, which mainly depends on the ratio between reduced/oxidized glutathione [143]. In addition, glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytes plus secretory activities and bacterial killing of neutrophils. In immune cells, glucose is mainly converted into lactate (glycolysis), while glutamine is converted into glutamate, aspartate and alanine undergoing a partial oxidation in carbon dioxide, in a process of glutaminolysis [142]. This unique conversion plays a crucial role in the effective functioning of immunity. Glutamine is necessary for the expression of a variety of immune system genes [144], in particular through the activation of proteins, such as the ERK and JNK kinases which are involved in the activation of transcription factors, including JNK and AP-1, finally promoting the transcription of genes that participate in cell proliferation. Besides, a sufficient level of glutamine is important to express the key markers of the cell surface of the lymphocytes and also various cytokines, for example, IL-6, IFN and TNF [143–145]. In healthy subjects with a balanced diet, glutamine supplementation does not increase the effectiveness of immune surveillance or prevent disease episodes, as reported by some reviews, but in some catabolic situations or in a low glutamine intake obtained from the diet, the amino acid supplementation could be required [142]."}

LitCovid-PubTator