PMC:7601109 / 67144-68261 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7601109","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7601109","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7601109","text":"Bee products such as royal jelly and propolis display potent antifungal, bactericidal, microbicidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing effects [2,66]. Most bee products investigated in this review were administered orally. Therefore, it is likely that their therapeutic effects may start locally within the GI tract, which frequently undergoes propagation of harmful endobacteria, inflammation, aberrations, and permeability in advanced age [10,24,152]. In this respect, Roquetto and colleagues [116] supplemented C57BL/6 mice on HFD with crude propolis (0.2%) for two and five weeks. HFD increased the proportion of the phylum Firmicutes as well as levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory biomarkers. DNA sequencing for the 16S rRNA of the gut microbiota revealed that five weeks of propolis treatment rendered the microbiota profile almost normal. Compared with untreated mice, propolis-supplemented animals demonstrated lower levels of serum triacylglycerols, glucose, and circulating LPS, along with reduced expression of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle 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