PMC:7600245 / 9727-11362
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":65,"end":70},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":283,"end":298},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":294,"end":298},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":483,"end":487},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":488,"end":493},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":664,"end":668},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1368},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1374},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":1547,"end":1551},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A59","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A60","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768"},{"id":"A61","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A62","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A63","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A64","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A65","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A66","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T66","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A67","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"}],"text":"Remdesivir itself demonstrated in vitro activity against Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.77 µM (CC50 \u003e 100 µM) [33]. Remdesivir also exhibited in vitro activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with sub-micromolar IC50 values [28]. Remdesivir was also effective against pre-pandemic bat-CoVs, bat-CoVs, and contemporary circulating human coronaviruses in primary human lung cells suggesting a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV, the prophylactic and early therapeutic use of remdesivir significantly decreased the lung viral load and improved the respiratory functions as well as the overall clinical signs of the disease [28]. Furthermore, remdesivir with interferon (INF)-b demonstrated better antiviral activity compared to lopinavir/ritonavir with INF-b in vitro. Compared to lopinavir/ritonavir/INF-b, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir also more effectively diminished the pulmonary viral loads and improved the pulmonary function in mice model of MERS-CoV [34]. The efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir was also demonstrated in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection [35]. Very recently, remdesivir was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). In mice infected with a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding RdRp, therapeutic administration of remdesivir diminished lung viral load and improved pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated mice [36]."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":483,"end":487},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":664,"end":668},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1368},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1547,"end":1551},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"Remdesivir itself demonstrated in vitro activity against Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.77 µM (CC50 \u003e 100 µM) [33]. Remdesivir also exhibited in vitro activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with sub-micromolar IC50 values [28]. Remdesivir was also effective against pre-pandemic bat-CoVs, bat-CoVs, and contemporary circulating human coronaviruses in primary human lung cells suggesting a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV, the prophylactic and early therapeutic use of remdesivir significantly decreased the lung viral load and improved the respiratory functions as well as the overall clinical signs of the disease [28]. Furthermore, remdesivir with interferon (INF)-b demonstrated better antiviral activity compared to lopinavir/ritonavir with INF-b in vitro. Compared to lopinavir/ritonavir/INF-b, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir also more effectively diminished the pulmonary viral loads and improved the pulmonary function in mice model of MERS-CoV [34]. The efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir was also demonstrated in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection [35]. Very recently, remdesivir was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). In mice infected with a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding RdRp, therapeutic administration of remdesivir diminished lung viral load and improved pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated mice [36]."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":85,"end":93},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":200,"end":208},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":569,"end":577},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1273},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1340},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1471,"end":1479},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A33","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T33","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A34","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T34","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A35","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T35","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A36","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T36","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A37","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T37","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A38","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T38","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"Remdesivir itself demonstrated in vitro activity against Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.77 µM (CC50 \u003e 100 µM) [33]. Remdesivir also exhibited in vitro activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with sub-micromolar IC50 values [28]. Remdesivir was also effective against pre-pandemic bat-CoVs, bat-CoVs, and contemporary circulating human coronaviruses in primary human lung cells suggesting a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV, the prophylactic and early therapeutic use of remdesivir significantly decreased the lung viral load and improved the respiratory functions as well as the overall clinical signs of the disease [28]. Furthermore, remdesivir with interferon (INF)-b demonstrated better antiviral activity compared to lopinavir/ritonavir with INF-b in vitro. Compared to lopinavir/ritonavir/INF-b, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir also more effectively diminished the pulmonary viral loads and improved the pulmonary function in mice model of MERS-CoV [34]. The efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir was also demonstrated in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection [35]. Very recently, remdesivir was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). In mice infected with a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding RdRp, therapeutic administration of remdesivir diminished lung viral load and improved pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated mice [36]."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":40,"end":48},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":57,"end":70},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051719"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":183,"end":191},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":270,"end":275},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":276,"end":282},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":283,"end":293},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":294,"end":298},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":397,"end":400},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":407,"end":410},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":446,"end":451},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":477,"end":482},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":483,"end":487},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":483,"end":487},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":488,"end":493},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":505,"end":506},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":539,"end":547},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":552,"end":553},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":554,"end":559},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":664,"end":668},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":664,"end":668},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":824,"end":825},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":856,"end":864},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":906,"end":907},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":954,"end":955},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":1130,"end":1132},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1245},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9544"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":1275,"end":1277},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":1358,"end":1363},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1368},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":1364,"end":1368},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":1369,"end":1374},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":1387,"end":1392},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1399},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":1400,"end":1410},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":1460,"end":1461},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":1547,"end":1551},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":1547,"end":1551},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":1631,"end":1633},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313"}],"text":"Remdesivir itself demonstrated in vitro activity against Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.77 µM (CC50 \u003e 100 µM) [33]. Remdesivir also exhibited in vitro activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with sub-micromolar IC50 values [28]. Remdesivir was also effective against pre-pandemic bat-CoVs, bat-CoVs, and contemporary circulating human coronaviruses in primary human lung cells suggesting a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV, the prophylactic and early therapeutic use of remdesivir significantly decreased the lung viral load and improved the respiratory functions as well as the overall clinical signs of the disease [28]. Furthermore, remdesivir with interferon (INF)-b demonstrated better antiviral activity compared to lopinavir/ritonavir with INF-b in vitro. Compared to lopinavir/ritonavir/INF-b, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir also more effectively diminished the pulmonary viral loads and improved the pulmonary function in mice model of MERS-CoV [34]. The efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir was also demonstrated in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection [35]. Very recently, remdesivir was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). In mice infected with a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding RdRp, therapeutic administration of remdesivir diminished lung viral load and improved pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated mice [36]."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":625,"end":635},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":791,"end":801},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":807,"end":817},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":819,"end":822},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":846,"end":855},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":877,"end":896},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":877,"end":886},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":887,"end":896},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":902,"end":905},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":930,"end":949},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":930,"end":939},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":940,"end":949},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":950,"end":953},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":997,"end":1007},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1201},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1305},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1535},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A88","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T88","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994"},{"id":"A89","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994"},{"id":"A90","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T90","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999"},{"id":"A91","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T91","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999"},{"id":"A92","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A93","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T93","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924"},{"id":"A94","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781"},{"id":"A95","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T95","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409"},{"id":"A96","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999"},{"id":"A97","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T97","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924"},{"id":"A98","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T98","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781"},{"id":"A99","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T99","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409"},{"id":"A100","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T100","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999"},{"id":"A101","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T101","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994"},{"id":"A102","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T102","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994"},{"id":"A103","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T103","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994"},{"id":"A104","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T104","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994"}],"text":"Remdesivir itself demonstrated in vitro activity against Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.77 µM (CC50 \u003e 100 µM) [33]. Remdesivir also exhibited in vitro activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with sub-micromolar IC50 values [28]. Remdesivir was also effective against pre-pandemic bat-CoVs, bat-CoVs, and contemporary circulating human coronaviruses in primary human lung cells suggesting a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV, the prophylactic and early therapeutic use of remdesivir significantly decreased the lung viral load and improved the respiratory functions as well as the overall clinical signs of the disease [28]. Furthermore, remdesivir with interferon (INF)-b demonstrated better antiviral activity compared to lopinavir/ritonavir with INF-b in vitro. Compared to lopinavir/ritonavir/INF-b, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir also more effectively diminished the pulmonary viral loads and improved the pulmonary function in mice model of MERS-CoV [34]. The efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir was also demonstrated in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection [35]. Very recently, remdesivir was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). In mice infected with a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding RdRp, therapeutic administration of remdesivir diminished lung viral load and improved pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated mice [36]."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":0,"end":147},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":148,"end":345},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":346,"end":548},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":549,"end":777},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":778,"end":917},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":918,"end":1134},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1279},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1437},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":1438,"end":1635},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Remdesivir itself demonstrated in vitro activity against Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.77 µM (CC50 \u003e 100 µM) [33]. Remdesivir also exhibited in vitro activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with sub-micromolar IC50 values [28]. Remdesivir was also effective against pre-pandemic bat-CoVs, bat-CoVs, and contemporary circulating human coronaviruses in primary human lung cells suggesting a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV, the prophylactic and early therapeutic use of remdesivir significantly decreased the lung viral load and improved the respiratory functions as well as the overall clinical signs of the disease [28]. Furthermore, remdesivir with interferon (INF)-b demonstrated better antiviral activity compared to lopinavir/ritonavir with INF-b in vitro. Compared to lopinavir/ritonavir/INF-b, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir also more effectively diminished the pulmonary viral loads and improved the pulmonary function in mice model of MERS-CoV [34]. The efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir was also demonstrated in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection [35]. Very recently, remdesivir was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). In mice infected with a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding RdRp, therapeutic administration of remdesivir diminished lung viral load and improved pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated mice [36]."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"213","span":{"begin":1489,"end":1493},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"214","span":{"begin":85,"end":95},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"215","span":{"begin":200,"end":208},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"216","span":{"begin":213,"end":221},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"217","span":{"begin":270,"end":275},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"218","span":{"begin":401,"end":405},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"219","span":{"begin":411,"end":415},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"220","span":{"begin":446,"end":451},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"221","span":{"begin":452,"end":465},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"222","span":{"begin":477,"end":482},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"223","span":{"begin":554,"end":559},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"224","span":{"begin":569,"end":577},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"225","span":{"begin":1106,"end":1110},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"226","span":{"begin":1120,"end":1128},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"227","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1245},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"228","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1342},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"229","span":{"begin":1358,"end":1363},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"230","span":{"begin":1387,"end":1392},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"231","span":{"begin":1441,"end":1445},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"232","span":{"begin":1471,"end":1479},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"233","span":{"begin":1625,"end":1629},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"234","span":{"begin":697,"end":708},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"235","span":{"begin":527,"end":538},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"236","span":{"begin":0,"end":10},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"237","span":{"begin":148,"end":158},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"238","span":{"begin":346,"end":356},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"239","span":{"begin":625,"end":635},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"240","span":{"begin":791,"end":801},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"241","span":{"begin":877,"end":896},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"242","span":{"begin":930,"end":949},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"243","span":{"begin":953,"end":955},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"244","span":{"begin":997,"end":1007},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"245","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1201},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"246","span":{"begin":1295,"end":1305},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"247","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1535},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"248","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"249","span":{"begin":1260,"end":1273},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"250","span":{"begin":1446,"end":1454},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"251","span":{"begin":62,"end":64},"obj":"CellLine"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A213","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"213","obj":"Gene:43740578"},{"id":"A214","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"214","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A215","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"215","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A216","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"216","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A217","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"217","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A218","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"218","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A219","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"219","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A220","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"220","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A221","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"221","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A222","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"222","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A223","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"223","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A224","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"224","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A225","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"225","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A226","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"226","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A227","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"227","obj":"Tax:9544"},{"id":"A228","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"228","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A229","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"229","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A230","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"230","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A231","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"231","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A232","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"232","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A233","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"233","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A234","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"234","obj":"Tax:12814"},{"id":"A235","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"235","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A236","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"236","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A237","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"237","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A238","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"238","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A239","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"239","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A240","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"240","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A241","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"241","obj":"MESH:C558899"},{"id":"A242","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"242","obj":"MESH:C558899"},{"id":"A243","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"243","obj":"MESH:D001895"},{"id":"A244","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"244","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A245","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"245","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A246","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"246","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A247","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"247","obj":"MESH:C000606551"},{"id":"A248","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"248","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A249","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"249","obj":"MESH:D018352"},{"id":"A250","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"250","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A251","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"251","obj":"CVCL:4582"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Remdesivir itself demonstrated in vitro activity against Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 value of 0.77 µM (CC50 \u003e 100 µM) [33]. Remdesivir also exhibited in vitro activity against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with sub-micromolar IC50 values [28]. Remdesivir was also effective against pre-pandemic bat-CoVs, bat-CoVs, and contemporary circulating human coronaviruses in primary human lung cells suggesting a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV, the prophylactic and early therapeutic use of remdesivir significantly decreased the lung viral load and improved the respiratory functions as well as the overall clinical signs of the disease [28]. Furthermore, remdesivir with interferon (INF)-b demonstrated better antiviral activity compared to lopinavir/ritonavir with INF-b in vitro. Compared to lopinavir/ritonavir/INF-b, the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir also more effectively diminished the pulmonary viral loads and improved the pulmonary function in mice model of MERS-CoV [34]. The efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of remdesivir was also demonstrated in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection [35]. Very recently, remdesivir was also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). In mice infected with a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding RdRp, therapeutic administration of remdesivir diminished lung viral load and improved pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated mice [36]."}