PMC:7600245 / 95332-96916 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T431","span":{"begin":220,"end":228},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T432","span":{"begin":398,"end":409},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T433","span":{"begin":497,"end":501},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T434","span":{"begin":608,"end":612},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T435","span":{"begin":654,"end":682},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T436","span":{"begin":805,"end":813},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T437","span":{"begin":959,"end":969},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T438","span":{"begin":1057,"end":1066},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T439","span":{"begin":1180,"end":1188},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T440","span":{"begin":1193,"end":1196},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T441","span":{"begin":1259,"end":1267},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T442","span":{"begin":1321,"end":1329},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T443","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1340},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T444","span":{"begin":1422,"end":1433},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T445","span":{"begin":1479,"end":1486},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T446","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1533},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T447","span":{"begin":1535,"end":1546},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T448","span":{"begin":1547,"end":1557},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A431","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T431","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A432","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T432","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63849"},{"id":"A433","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T433","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A434","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T434","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402"},{"id":"A435","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T435","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860"},{"id":"A436","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T436","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A437","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T437","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860"},{"id":"A438","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T438","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63194"},{"id":"A439","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T439","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A440","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T440","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A441","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T441","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A442","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T442","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871"},{"id":"A443","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T443","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A444","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T444","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A445","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T445","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A446","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T446","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A447","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T447","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62854"},{"id":"A448","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T448","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":1057,"end":1066},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A48","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001982"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T434","span":{"begin":99,"end":107},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T435","span":{"begin":959,"end":979},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T436","span":{"begin":1461,"end":1464},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A434","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T434","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A435","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T435","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091"},{"id":"A436","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T436","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007435"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T952","span":{"begin":108,"end":109},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T953","span":{"begin":175,"end":176},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T954","span":{"begin":199,"end":208},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T955","span":{"begin":254,"end":256},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794"},{"id":"T956","span":{"begin":478,"end":483},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T957","span":{"begin":608,"end":612},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T958","span":{"begin":788,"end":793},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T959","span":{"begin":866,"end":872},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T960","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1168},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T961","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1309},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T962","span":{"begin":1346,"end":1347},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T963","span":{"begin":1373,"end":1374},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T21219","span":{"begin":70,"end":75},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T699","span":{"begin":230,"end":232},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T32906","span":{"begin":269,"end":275},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T29671","span":{"begin":284,"end":292},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11714","span":{"begin":306,"end":315},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T704","span":{"begin":321,"end":331},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T65432","span":{"begin":348,"end":356},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8416","span":{"begin":484,"end":495},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T53143","span":{"begin":497,"end":499},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51068","span":{"begin":511,"end":521},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T84855","span":{"begin":566,"end":574},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T711","span":{"begin":731,"end":739},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T50772","span":{"begin":753,"end":762},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T713","span":{"begin":815,"end":817},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24627","span":{"begin":842,"end":855},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T716","span":{"begin":856,"end":864},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T717","span":{"begin":893,"end":901},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T718","span":{"begin":918,"end":932},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T719","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1094},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T720","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1103},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T721","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1120},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T722","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1144},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T723","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1144},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T724","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1192},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T725","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1276},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T727","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1338},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T729","span":{"begin":1418,"end":1420},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T731","span":{"begin":1479,"end":1486},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T732","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1525},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T733","span":{"begin":1527,"end":1529},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7196","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T21219","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A73689","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T699","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A76995","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T699","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A65301","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T32906","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66917"},{"id":"A37120","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T29671","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A22627","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T11714","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A53884","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T704","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27882"},{"id":"A29401","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T65432","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A56336","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8416","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15841"},{"id":"A69124","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T53143","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A57001","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T53143","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A1201","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51068","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706"},{"id":"A9792","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T84855","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A66526","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T711","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A97067","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T50772","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A20506","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T713","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A42435","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T713","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A26553","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24627","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41879"},{"id":"A35400","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T716","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41879"},{"id":"A63123","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T717","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A718","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T718","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24261"},{"id":"A719","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T719","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9168"},{"id":"A720","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T720","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9168"},{"id":"A721","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T721","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A722","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T722","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76932"},{"id":"A723","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T723","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A724","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T724","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74120"},{"id":"A725","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T725","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A726","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T725","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A727","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T727","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A728","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T727","obj":"http://purl.obol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2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":398,"end":424},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046785"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":608,"end":623},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010467"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":959,"end":979},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990266"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1079},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A107","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030005"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T786","span":{"begin":0,"end":110},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T787","span":{"begin":111,"end":176},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T788","span":{"begin":177,"end":256},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T789","span":{"begin":257,"end":320},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T790","span":{"begin":321,"end":429},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T791","span":{"begin":430,"end":526},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T792","span":{"begin":527,"end":701},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T793","span":{"begin":702,"end":767},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T794","span":{"begin":768,"end":841},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T795","span":{"begin":842,"end":1084},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T796","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1148},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T797","span":{"begin":1149,"end":1217},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T798","span":{"begin":1218,"end":1282},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T799","span":{"begin":1283,"end":1345},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T800","span":{"begin":1346,"end":1402},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T801","span":{"begin":1403,"end":1421},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T802","span":{"begin":1422,"end":1439},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T803","span":{"begin":1440,"end":1584},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"4070","span":{"begin":294,"end":305},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4071","span":{"begin":372,"end":377},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4072","span":{"begin":741,"end":752},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4073","span":{"begin":1122,"end":1126},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4074","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1278},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4075","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1341},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4076","span":{"begin":478,"end":483},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"4077","span":{"begin":788,"end":793},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"4078","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1168},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"4079","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1309},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"4080","span":{"begin":815,"end":819},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4081","span":{"begin":230,"end":234},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4082","span":{"begin":177,"end":188},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"4083","span":{"begin":189,"end":196},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"4084","span":{"begin":257,"end":268},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"4085","span":{"begin":321,"end":331},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"4087","span":{"begin":99,"end":107},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"4092","span":{"begin":1435,"end":1438},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4093","span":{"begin":1454,"end":1459},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4094","span":{"begin":1490,"end":1494},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"4095","span":{"begin":1496,"end":1525},"obj":"Gene"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A4070","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4070","obj":"Gene:3716"},{"id":"A4071","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4071","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A4072","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4072","obj":"Gene:3716"},{"id":"A4073","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4073","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A4074","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4074","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A4075","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4075","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A4076","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4076","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A4077","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4077","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A4078","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4078","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A4079","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4079","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A4080","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4080","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A4081","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4081","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A4082","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4082","obj":"MESH:C502936"},{"id":"A4083","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4083","obj":"MESH:C502936"},{"id":"A4084","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4084","obj":"MESH:C540383"},{"id":"A4085","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4085","obj":"MESH:D003078"},{"id":"A4087","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4087","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A4092","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4092","obj":"Gene:3716"},{"id":"A4093","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4093","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A4094","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4094","obj":"Gene:2475"},{"id":"A4095","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"4095","obj":"Gene:2475"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Table 2 Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.\nTherapy Type Mechanism No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b\nTocilizumab(Actemra) Humanized monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~41\nRuxolitinib(Jakafi) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~15\nColchicine(Colcrys) Small molecule Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization ~15\nAnakinra(Kineret) Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide IL-1 receptor antagonist ~13\nMethylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol) Small molecule Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression \u0026 suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others ~13\nBaricitinib(Olumiant) Small molecule JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor ~12\nSarilumab(Kevzara) Human monoclonal antibody IL-6 receptor blocker ~10\nDexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D) Small molecule Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability ~10\nSirolimus(Rapamune) Small molecule mTOR pathway inhibitor ~4\nMavrilimumab Human monoclonal antibody GM-CSF receptor blocker ~4\nSiltuximab(Sylvant) Chimeric monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-6 ~2\nCanakinumab(Ilaris) Human monoclonal antibody Anti-IL-1β ~2\na From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor."}