Table 2  Most frequently evaluated anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 a.
Therapy  Type  Mechanism  No. of Interventional Clinical Trials b
Tocilizumab(Actemra)  Humanized monoclonal antibody  IL-6 receptor blocker  ~41
Ruxolitinib(Jakafi)  Small molecule  JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor  ~15
Colchicine(Colcrys)  Small molecule  Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and of microtubule polymerization  ~15
Anakinra(Kineret)  Recombinant non-glycosylated human polypeptide  IL-1 receptor antagonist  ~13
Methylprednisolone (DEPOMedrol)  Small molecule  Intracellular receptor-mediated gene expression & suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, among others  ~13
Baricitinib(Olumiant)  Small molecule  JAK 1 and 2 inhibitor  ~12
Sarilumab(Kevzara)  Human monoclonal antibody  IL-6 receptor blocker  ~10
Dexamethasone(Decadron, Active Injection D)  Small molecule  Stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors, suppression of neutrophil migration, suppression of inflammatory mediators production, and reversal of increased capillary permeability  ~10
Sirolimus(Rapamune)  Small molecule  mTOR pathway inhibitor  ~4
Mavrilimumab  Human monoclonal antibody  GM-CSF receptor blocker  ~4
Siltuximab(Sylvant)  Chimeric monoclonal antibody  Anti-IL-6  ~2
Canakinumab(Ilaris)  Human monoclonal antibody  Anti-IL-1β  ~2
a From clinicaltrials.gov, b No. is as of July 25, 2020. Abbreviations: IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.