PMC:7600245 / 89832-91224 JSONTXT

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The viral RNA and the N structural protein are biosynthesized in the host cell cytoplasm, whereas viral structural proteins S, M, and E are biosynthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi apparatus. The viral RNA–N complex and S, M, and E proteins are assembled in ERGIC. The mature virus is produced by the budding process. The virus is then released by exocytosis. Note: The virus enters via membrane fusion in the endo/lyso-somes which requires proteolytic activation by cathepsins (a) or via fusion at the cell membrane which requires proteolytic activation by TMPRSS2 (b). Furin may also contribute to the entry of the virus, yet its site of action is not fully established. gRNA means genomic RNA and sgRNA means subgenomic 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