PMC:7600245 / 69974-71491 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7600245","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7600245","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7600245","text":"4.18. Chlorhexidine (Peridex)\nChlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum, guanidino-containing antimicrobial agent (Figure S6) that is widely used as antiseptic. It was first approved in the U.S. in 1986 and is used for gingivitis and periodontitis. It is also used for the oropharyngeal sanitization to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated or hospital-acquired pneumonia. It is used as a skin disinfectant for preoperative skin preparation. It can also be used to disinfect hands, surface wounds, surgical tools, and surgical scrub, for both patients and healthcare workers [252,253,254,255].\nMechanistically, it has both micro-biostatic and micro-biocidal effects depending on its concentration. The former effect happens at low concentrations due to the binding of this cationic molecule to the negatively charged extracellular components of some microbes, which causes an alteration of osmotic equilibrium and leakage of essential ions. At higher concentrations, the molecule gets into the microbial cells and precipitates intracellular components, leading to microbial death [252,253,254,255]. Currently, 0.12% chlorhexidine oral/nasal rinse is being tested in a randomized, open-label, single-institution study so as to evaluate its potential to reduce oro- and naso-pharyngeal viral load in patients with COVID-19 (NCT04344236; n = 48). Recently, computational methods have proposed chlorhexidine to be an inhibitor of 3CLpro and/or RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 [169], yet this potential is to be experimentally 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