PMC:7600245 / 25077-26455 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":41,"end":47},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":48,"end":58},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":159,"end":162},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":589,"end":598},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":605,"end":615},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":624,"end":631},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":807,"end":814},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A101","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T101","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82772"},{"id":"A102","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T102","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740"},{"id":"A103","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T103","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A104","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T104","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82755"},{"id":"A105","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740"},{"id":"A106","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A107","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":1156,"end":1165},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1345},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A97","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T97","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005155"},{"id":"A98","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T98","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T229","span":{"begin":33,"end":39},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T230","span":{"begin":86,"end":89},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T231","span":{"begin":110,"end":118},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T232","span":{"begin":163,"end":170},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T233","span":{"begin":182,"end":187},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":231,"end":232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":395,"end":405},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":507,"end":508},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":948,"end":954},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":1071,"end":1079},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":1213,"end":1214},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T338","span":{"begin":41,"end":58},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T339","span":{"begin":41,"end":47},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":48,"end":58},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T341","span":{"begin":59,"end":66},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T342","span":{"begin":75,"end":77},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T343","span":{"begin":100,"end":109},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T344","span":{"begin":240,"end":249},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T345","span":{"begin":308,"end":320},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T346","span":{"begin":308,"end":315},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T347","span":{"begin":316,"end":320},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T349","span":{"begin":326,"end":330},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T350","span":{"begin":531,"end":539},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T352","span":{"begin":533,"end":539},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T354","span":{"begin":589,"end":598},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T355","span":{"begin":605,"end":615},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T356","span":{"begin":624,"end":631},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T357","span":{"begin":708,"end":718},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T358","span":{"begin":762,"end":771},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T359","span":{"begin":782,"end":791},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T360","span":{"begin":807,"end":814},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T361","span":{"begin":886,"end":908},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T362","span":{"begin":886,"end":896},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T363","span":{"begin":897,"end":908},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T365","span":{"begin":970,"end":981},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T367","span":{"begin":1017,"end":1019},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T368","span":{"begin":1061,"end":1070},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T369","span":{"begin":1176,"end":1180},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A338","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T338","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26395"},{"id":"A339","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T339","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35584"},{"id":"A340","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T340","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976"},{"id":"A341","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T341","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50266"},{"id":"A342","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T342","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388"},{"id":"A343","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T343","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A344","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T344","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A345","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T345","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35175"},{"id":"A346","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T346","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189"},{"id":"A347","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T347","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866"},{"id":"A348","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T347","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710"},{"id":"A349","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T349","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A350","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T350","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32433"},{"id":"A351","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T350","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46217"},{"id":"A352","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T352","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22280"},{"id":"A353","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T352","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32441"},{"id":"A354","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T354","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27570"},{"id":"A355","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T355","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976"},{"id":"A356","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T356","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A357","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T357","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212"},{"id":"A358","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T358","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16750"},{"id":"A359","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T359","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16335"},{"id":"A360","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T360","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A361","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T361","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16862"},{"id":"A362","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T362","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33838"},{"id":"A363","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T363","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18361"},{"id":"A364","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T363","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33019"},{"id":"A365","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T365","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18361"},{"id":"A366","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T365","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33019"},{"id":"A367","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T367","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29388"},{"id":"A368","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T368","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A369","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T369","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}

    LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":677,"end":686},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}

    LitCovid-PD-HP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1156,"end":1165},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A15","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001394"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T183","span":{"begin":0,"end":224},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T184","span":{"begin":225,"end":269},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T185","span":{"begin":270,"end":412},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T186","span":{"begin":413,"end":553},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T187","span":{"begin":554,"end":719},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T188","span":{"begin":720,"end":1026},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T189","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1171},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":1172,"end":1378},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}

    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"707","span":{"begin":259,"end":263},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"708","span":{"begin":464,"end":482},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"709","span":{"begin":484,"end":488},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"710","span":{"begin":497,"end":508},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"711","span":{"begin":510,"end":514},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"712","span":{"begin":589,"end":633},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"713","span":{"begin":635,"end":640},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"714","span":{"begin":856,"end":874},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"715","span":{"begin":876,"end":880},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"716","span":{"begin":886,"end":915},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"717","span":{"begin":917,"end":921},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"718","span":{"begin":182,"end":187},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"719","span":{"begin":205,"end":218},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"720","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"721","span":{"begin":1314,"end":1322},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"722","span":{"begin":41,"end":58},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"723","span":{"begin":303,"end":320},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"724","span":{"begin":353,"end":366},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"725","span":{"begin":531,"end":539},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"726","span":{"begin":694,"end":707},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"727","span":{"begin":730,"end":743},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"728","span":{"begin":762,"end":771},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"729","span":{"begin":782,"end":791},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"730","span":{"begin":970,"end":981},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"731","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1129},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"732","span":{"begin":1156,"end":1165},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"733","span":{"begin":1337,"end":1345},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A707","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"707","obj":"Gene:43740578"},{"id":"A708","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"708","obj":"Gene:1066"},{"id":"A709","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"709","obj":"Gene:1066"},{"id":"A710","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"710","obj":"Gene:5476"},{"id":"A711","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"711","obj":"Gene:5476"},{"id":"A712","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"712","obj":"Gene:3094"},{"id":"A713","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"713","obj":"Gene:3094"},{"id":"A714","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"714","obj":"Gene:2987"},{"id":"A715","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"715","obj":"Gene:2987"},{"id":"A716","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"716","obj":"Gene:129607"},{"id":"A717","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"717","obj":"Gene:129607"},{"id":"A718","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"718","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A719","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"719","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A720","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"720","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A721","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"721","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A722","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"722","obj":"MESH:D011685"},{"id":"A728","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"728","obj":"MESH:D006151"},{"id":"A729","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"729","obj":"MESH:D000241"},{"id":"A730","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"730","obj":"MESH:D011756"},{"id":"A731","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"731","obj":"MESH:D006526"},{"id":"A732","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"732","obj":"MESH:D005355"},{"id":"A733","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"733","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"It is an investigational, orally active, purine nucleotide prodrug (Figure S3), which has exhibited antiviral activity against many single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses, including human flaviviruses and coronaviruses [77]. It is a potent inhibitor of viral RdRp [78]. Following oral administration as hemi-sulfate salt, the drug gets converted to the monophosphate form via multiple metabolic activation steps. The first step is catalyzed by the action of human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and/or cathepsin A (CatA) to produce the L-alanyl intermediate. Spontaneous hydrolysis followed by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1)-mediated hydrolysis results in the formation of the monophosphate metabolite. Then, the monophosphate is transformed to guanosine analog by adenosine deaminase like protein 1 (ADALP1) and further phosphorylated by guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to the pharmacologically active form of AT-527 diphosphate (also reported as AT-9010) (Figure S3) [78]. The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of AT-527 was earlier established in HCV-infected subjects with and without cirrhosis [79]. The drug is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with moderate COVID-19 symptoms (NCT04396106; n = 190)."}