PMC:7589163 / 78209-80956 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T346","span":{"begin":350,"end":355},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T347","span":{"begin":424,"end":437},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T348","span":{"begin":516,"end":521},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T349","span":{"begin":535,"end":543},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T350","span":{"begin":625,"end":648},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T351","span":{"begin":820,"end":825},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T352","span":{"begin":875,"end":897},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T353","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1081},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T354","span":{"begin":1349,"end":1354},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T355","span":{"begin":1397,"end":1420},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T356","span":{"begin":1642,"end":1647},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T357","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1659},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T358","span":{"begin":1927,"end":1932},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T359","span":{"begin":1946,"end":1951},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T360","span":{"begin":2000,"end":2023},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T361","span":{"begin":2222,"end":2227},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T362","span":{"begin":2280,"end":2284},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T363","span":{"begin":2441,"end":2445},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T364","span":{"begin":2513,"end":2518},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T365","span":{"begin":2541,"end":2549},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T366","span":{"begin":2653,"end":2661},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A346","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T346","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A347","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T347","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76497"},{"id":"A348","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T348","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A349","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T349","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma292381"},{"id":"A350","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T350","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662"},{"id":"A351","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T351","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A352","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T352","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662"},{"id":"A353","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T353","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A354","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T354","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A355","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T355","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662"},{"id":"A356","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T356","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A357","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T357","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A358","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T358","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A359","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T359","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A360","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T360","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662"},{"id":"A361","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T361","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"id":"A362","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T362","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A363","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T363","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A364","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T364","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A365","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T365","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma292381"},{"id":"A366","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T366","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma292381"}],"text":"Study Authors Country Study Population Results\nAssociation of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers. Karatekin et al., 2009 [145] Turkey 25 newborns with LRTI admitted to NICU vs. healthy controls Significantly lower vitamin D levels in affected newborns than in controls.\nCord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Belderbos et al., 2011 [146] Netherlands 156 healthy newborns Lower cord blood vitamin D in neonates who developed RSV infections.\nMaternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and risk of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, and asthma in offspring. Morales et al., 2012 [147] Spain 1724 pregnant women Decreased LRTI in offspring of mothers with higher vitamin D.\nCord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of acute lowerrespiratory tract infection in early childhood. Mohameet al., 2013 [148] Egypt 206 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing ALRIs in the first 2 years of life in newborns with lower cord blood vitamin D.\nProspective study of maternal mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and earlychildhood respiratory disorders. Magnus et al., 2013 [149] Norway Pregnant women Reduced risk of LRTI in offspring by age 36 months when maternal vitamin D was higher.\nCord blood 25(OH)D levels and the subsequent risk of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood: the Ulm birth cohort. Luczynska et al., 2014 [150] Germany 777 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing LRTIs in the first year of life in infants with vitamin D deficiency in cord blood.\nCord blood vitamin D and the risk of acute lower respiratory infection in Indigenous infants in the Northern Territory. Binks et al., 2016[151] Australia 109 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of hospitalization for ALRI in pairs with lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy, cord blood and infants’ blood.\nAssociation of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Dinlen et al., 2016[152] Turkey 30 newborns with ALRI and their mothers vs. healthy control pairs Lower vitamin D levels in ALRI group than in healthy controls.\nLow cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. Lai et al., 2017[153] Taiwan 122 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of RTI and poorer lung function in infants with lower vitamin D levels (maternal and cord blood).\nVitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators. El-Kassas et al., 2019[154] Egypt 33 neonates with pneumonia vs. healthy controls Lower levels of vitamin D in pneumonia patients."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":350,"end":355},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":516,"end":521},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":625,"end":648},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":631,"end":648},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":820,"end":825},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":875,"end":897},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1081},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":1349,"end":1354},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":1397,"end":1420},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":1403,"end":1420},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":1642,"end":1647},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1659},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":1927,"end":1932},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":1946,"end":1951},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":2000,"end":2023},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":2006,"end":2023},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":2222,"end":2227},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":2280,"end":2284},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":2441,"end":2445},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":2513,"end":2518},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A146","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T146","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A147","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T147","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A148","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T148","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"A149","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T149","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A150","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T150","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A151","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T151","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"A152","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T152","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A153","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T153","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A154","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T154","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"A155","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T155","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A156","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T156","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A157","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A158","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T158","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A159","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T159","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A160","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T160","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"A161","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T161","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A162","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T162","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"},{"id":"A163","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T163","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A164","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T164","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A165","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T165","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"}],"text":"Study Authors Country Study Population Results\nAssociation of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers. Karatekin et al., 2009 [145] Turkey 25 newborns with LRTI admitted to NICU vs. healthy controls Significantly lower vitamin D levels in affected newborns than in controls.\nCord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Belderbos et al., 2011 [146] Netherlands 156 healthy newborns Lower cord blood vitamin D in neonates who developed RSV infections.\nMaternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and risk of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, and asthma in offspring. Morales et al., 2012 [147] Spain 1724 pregnant women Decreased LRTI in offspring of mothers with higher vitamin D.\nCord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of acute lowerrespiratory tract infection in early childhood. Mohameet al., 2013 [148] Egypt 206 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing ALRIs in the first 2 years of life in newborns with lower cord blood vitamin D.\nProspective study of maternal mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and earlychildhood respiratory disorders. Magnus et al., 2013 [149] Norway Pregnant women Reduced risk of LRTI in offspring by age 36 months when maternal vitamin D was higher.\nCord blood 25(OH)D levels and the subsequent risk of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood: the Ulm birth cohort. Luczynska et al., 2014 [150] Germany 777 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing LRTIs in the first year of life in infants with vitamin D deficiency in cord blood.\nCord blood vitamin D and the risk of acute lower respiratory infection in Indigenous infants in the Northern Territory. Binks et al., 2016[151] Australia 109 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of hospitalization for ALRI in pairs with lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy, cord blood and infants’ blood.\nAssociation of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Dinlen et al., 2016[152] Turkey 30 newborns with ALRI and their mothers vs. healthy control pairs Lower vitamin D levels in ALRI group than in healthy controls.\nLow cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. Lai et al., 2017[153] Taiwan 122 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of RTI and poorer lung function in infants with lower vitamin D levels (maternal and cord blood).\nVitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators. El-Kassas et al., 2019[154] Egypt 33 neonates with pneumonia vs. healthy controls Lower levels of vitamin D in pneumonia patients."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":128,"end":149},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T341","span":{"begin":140,"end":149},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T342","span":{"begin":424,"end":437},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T343","span":{"begin":562,"end":572},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T344","span":{"begin":631,"end":659},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T345","span":{"begin":675,"end":681},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T346","span":{"begin":898,"end":907},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T347","span":{"begin":1182,"end":1203},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T348","span":{"begin":1403,"end":1434},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T349","span":{"begin":1698,"end":1719},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T350","span":{"begin":1710,"end":1719},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T351","span":{"begin":2006,"end":2037},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T352","span":{"begin":2320,"end":2341},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T353","span":{"begin":2332,"end":2341},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T354","span":{"begin":2667,"end":2676},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T355","span":{"begin":2728,"end":2737},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A340","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T340","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A341","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T341","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A342","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T342","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002465"},{"id":"A343","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T343","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A344","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T344","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A345","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T345","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004979"},{"id":"A346","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T346","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A347","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T347","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087"},{"id":"A348","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T348","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A349","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T349","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A350","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T350","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A351","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T351","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A352","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T352","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A353","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T353","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A354","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T354","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A355","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T355","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"}],"text":"Study Authors Country Study Population Results\nAssociation of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers. Karatekin et al., 2009 [145] Turkey 25 newborns with LRTI admitted to NICU vs. healthy controls Significantly lower vitamin D levels in affected newborns than in controls.\nCord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Belderbos et al., 2011 [146] Netherlands 156 healthy newborns Lower cord blood vitamin D in neonates who developed RSV infections.\nMaternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and risk of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, and asthma in offspring. Morales et al., 2012 [147] Spain 1724 pregnant women Decreased LRTI in offspring of mothers with higher vitamin D.\nCord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of acute lowerrespiratory tract infection in early childhood. Mohameet al., 2013 [148] Egypt 206 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing ALRIs in the first 2 years of life in newborns with lower cord blood vitamin D.\nProspective study of maternal mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and earlychildhood respiratory disorders. Magnus et al., 2013 [149] Norway Pregnant women Reduced risk of LRTI in offspring by age 36 months when maternal vitamin D was higher.\nCord blood 25(OH)D levels and the subsequent risk of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood: the Ulm birth cohort. Luczynska et al., 2014 [150] Germany 777 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing LRTIs in the first year of life in infants with vitamin D deficiency in cord blood.\nCord blood vitamin D and the risk of acute lower respiratory infection in Indigenous infants in the Northern Territory. Binks et al., 2016[151] Australia 109 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of hospitalization for ALRI in pairs with lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy, cord blood and infants’ blood.\nAssociation of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Dinlen et al., 2016[152] Turkey 30 newborns with ALRI and their mothers vs. healthy control pairs Lower vitamin D levels in ALRI group than in healthy controls.\nLow cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. Lai et al., 2017[153] Taiwan 122 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of RTI and poorer lung function in infants with lower vitamin D levels (maternal and cord blood).\nVitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators. El-Kassas et al., 2019[154] Egypt 33 neonates with pneumonia vs. healthy controls Lower levels of vitamin D in pneumonia patients."}

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Karatekin et al., 2009 [145] Turkey 25 newborns with LRTI admitted to NICU vs. healthy controls Significantly lower vitamin D levels in affected newborns than in controls.\nCord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Belderbos et al., 2011 [146] Netherlands 156 healthy newborns Lower cord blood vitamin D in neonates who developed RSV infections.\nMaternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and risk of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, and asthma in offspring. Morales et al., 2012 [147] Spain 1724 pregnant women Decreased LRTI in offspring of mothers with higher vitamin D.\nCord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of acute lowerrespiratory tract infection in early childhood. Mohameet al., 2013 [148] Egypt 206 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing ALRIs in the first 2 years of life in newborns with lower cord blood vitamin D.\nProspective study of maternal mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and earlychildhood respiratory disorders. Magnus et al., 2013 [149] Norway Pregnant women Reduced risk of LRTI in offspring by age 36 months when maternal vitamin D was higher.\nCord blood 25(OH)D levels and the subsequent risk of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood: the Ulm birth cohort. Luczynska et al., 2014 [150] Germany 777 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing LRTIs in the first year of life in infants with vitamin D deficiency in cord blood.\nCord blood vitamin D and the risk of acute lower respiratory infection in Indigenous infants in the Northern Territory. Binks et al., 2016[151] Australia 109 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of hospitalization for ALRI in pairs with lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy, cord blood and infants’ blood.\nAssociation of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Dinlen et al., 2016[152] Turkey 30 newborns with ALRI and their mothers vs. healthy control pairs Lower vitamin D levels in ALRI group than in healthy controls.\nLow cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. Lai et al., 2017[153] Taiwan 122 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of RTI and poorer lung function in infants with lower vitamin D levels (maternal and cord blood).\nVitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators. El-Kassas et al., 2019[154] Egypt 33 neonates with pneumonia vs. healthy controls Lower levels of vitamin D in pneumonia patients."}

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Karatekin et al., 2009 [145] Turkey 25 newborns with LRTI admitted to NICU vs. healthy controls Significantly lower vitamin D levels in affected newborns than in controls.\nCord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Belderbos et al., 2011 [146] Netherlands 156 healthy newborns Lower cord blood vitamin D in neonates who developed RSV infections.\nMaternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and risk of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, and asthma in offspring. Morales et al., 2012 [147] Spain 1724 pregnant women Decreased LRTI in offspring of mothers with higher vitamin D.\nCord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of acute lowerrespiratory tract infection in early childhood. 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Binks et al., 2016[151] Australia 109 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of hospitalization for ALRI in pairs with lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy, cord blood and infants’ blood.\nAssociation of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Dinlen et al., 2016[152] Turkey 30 newborns with ALRI and their mothers vs. healthy control pairs Lower vitamin D levels in ALRI group than in healthy controls.\nLow cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. Lai et al., 2017[153] Taiwan 122 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of RTI and poorer lung function in infants with lower vitamin D levels (maternal and cord blood).\nVitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators. El-Kassas et al., 2019[154] Egypt 33 neonates with pneumonia vs. healthy controls Lower levels of vitamin D in pneumonia patients."}

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Binks et al., 2016[151] Australia 109 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of hospitalization for ALRI in pairs with lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy, cord blood and infants’ blood.\nAssociation of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Dinlen et al., 2016[152] Turkey 30 newborns with ALRI and their mothers vs. healthy control pairs Lower vitamin D levels in ALRI group than in healthy controls.\nLow cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. Lai et al., 2017[153] Taiwan 122 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of RTI and poorer lung function in infants with lower vitamin D levels (maternal and cord blood).\nVitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators. El-Kassas et al., 2019[154] Egypt 33 neonates with pneumonia vs. healthy controls Lower levels of vitamin D in pneumonia patients."}

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Authors Country Study Population Results\nAssociation of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers. Karatekin et al., 2009 [145] Turkey 25 newborns with LRTI admitted to NICU vs. healthy controls Significantly lower vitamin D levels in affected newborns than in controls.\nCord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Belderbos et al., 2011 [146] Netherlands 156 healthy newborns Lower cord blood vitamin D in neonates who developed RSV infections.\nMaternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and risk of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, and asthma in offspring. Morales et al., 2012 [147] Spain 1724 pregnant women Decreased LRTI in offspring of mothers with higher vitamin D.\nCord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of acute lowerrespiratory tract infection in early childhood. Mohameet al., 2013 [148] Egypt 206 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing ALRIs in the first 2 years of life in newborns with lower cord blood vitamin D.\nProspective study of maternal mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and earlychildhood respiratory disorders. Magnus et al., 2013 [149] Norway Pregnant women Reduced risk of LRTI in offspring by age 36 months when maternal vitamin D was higher.\nCord blood 25(OH)D levels and the subsequent risk of lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood: the Ulm birth cohort. Luczynska et al., 2014 [150] Germany 777 healthy newborns Increased risk of developing LRTIs in the first year of life in infants with vitamin D deficiency in cord blood.\nCord blood vitamin D and the risk of acute lower respiratory infection in Indigenous infants in the Northern Territory. Binks et al., 2016[151] Australia 109 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of hospitalization for ALRI in pairs with lower vitamin D levels in pregnancy, cord blood and infants’ blood.\nAssociation of vitamin D deficiency with acute lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Dinlen et al., 2016[152] Turkey 30 newborns with ALRI and their mothers vs. healthy control pairs Lower vitamin D levels in ALRI group than in healthy controls.\nLow cord-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with poor lung function performance and increased respiratory infection in infancy. Lai et al., 2017[153] Taiwan 122 mother-infant pairs Higher risk of RTI and poorer lung function in infants with lower vitamin D levels (maternal and cord blood).\nVitamin D Status in Neonatal Pulmonary Infections: Relationship to Inflammatory Indicators. El-Kassas et al., 2019[154] Egypt 33 neonates with pneumonia vs. healthy controls Lower levels of vitamin D in pneumonia patients."}