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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T213","span":{"begin":2543,"end":2556},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T214","span":{"begin":2903,"end":2911},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A213","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T213","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825"},{"id":"A214","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T214","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"}],"text":"5.5. New Perspectives: Is There a Potential for Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing COVID-19?\nAt the time of writing (3 July 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide with over 11 million confirmed infections. Different regions of the world have been differently affected by the pandemic, with Northern Italy setting an unfortunate record for incidence and mortality. Different factors might explain these geographical variations, such as the earlier spread of the virus in certain countries or the different preventive measures adopted, the different climates and air-pollution levels, or the different age-composition and social proximity of the communities. A North–South gradient in COVID-19 distribution has been noticed [174,175,176]. Areas along a latitude of 30–50° N with similar low-humidity, temperate weather, showed significant community spread of COVID-19 [177]. Marik and colleagues calculated the case-fatality rate in each state of the US and found increasing mortality with increasing latitude (\u003e40° N) [178]. More recently, another study reported a highly significant, positive correlation between lower death rates and a country’s proximity to the equator [179]. Rhodes et al. described that more northerly countries are currently showing relatively high COVID-19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1-degree latitude north of 28 degrees North [180].\nVitamin D deficiency is less common in countries where the sun exposure is consistent throughout the year or where the use of vitamin D fortified food is widespread. Various authors suggested that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in the variability of COVID-19 impact on different countries [175,176,177,181]. Ilie and colleagues searched literature for mean vitamin D level in each country and observed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and number of COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]. Ali described a significant negative correlation between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries, as of 20 May 2020 [182].\nMoreover, a wide variation in the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection’s clinical presentation has been noticed, ranging from absent or minimal symptoms to critical conditions and death. To date, although some risk factors have been identified (age, co-morbidities, etc.), it is not yet completely understood why some patients develop more severe symptoms than others. Considering our knowledge on the role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system and in inhibiting a hyper activation of the inflammatory response, together with data from observational and clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation, various authors have also suggested a potential role of vitamin D in reducing the severity of the disease [183,184,185,186,187]. Vitamin D is especially known for its ability to reduce the “cytokine storm” that contributes to the pathogenesis of various viral infections, including COVID-19 [188].\nTo date, we only have preliminary observations regarding the association of vitamin D deficiency and frequency and severity of COVID-19; the above mentioned study from Ilie and colleagues found a correlation between mean vitamin D levels in each country and COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]; D’Avolio and colleagues investigated vitamin D concentrations in a small cohort of 107 patients with a positive naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 in Switzerland, and found significantly lower vitamin D levels in patients than in controls with negative swabs [187]; Lau et al. described a high frequency of vitamin D insufficiency (84.6%) in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in New Orleans, with a 100% frequency in patients younger than 75 years [188].\nInterestingly, a recent pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19 [189]. Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer."}

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":2543,"end":2556},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A84","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T84","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"}],"text":"5.5. New Perspectives: Is There a Potential for Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing COVID-19?\nAt the time of writing (3 July 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide with over 11 million confirmed infections. Different regions of the world have been differently affected by the pandemic, with Northern Italy setting an unfortunate record for incidence and mortality. Different factors might explain these geographical variations, such as the earlier spread of the virus in certain countries or the different preventive measures adopted, the different climates and air-pollution levels, or the different age-composition and social proximity of the communities. A North–South gradient in COVID-19 distribution has been noticed [174,175,176]. Areas along a latitude of 30–50° N with similar low-humidity, temperate weather, showed significant community spread of COVID-19 [177]. Marik and colleagues calculated the case-fatality rate in each state of the US and found increasing mortality with increasing latitude (\u003e40° N) [178]. More recently, another study reported a highly significant, positive correlation between lower death rates and a country’s proximity to the equator [179]. Rhodes et al. described that more northerly countries are currently showing relatively high COVID-19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1-degree latitude north of 28 degrees North [180].\nVitamin D deficiency is less common in countries where the sun exposure is consistent throughout the year or where the use of vitamin D fortified food is widespread. Various authors suggested that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in the variability of COVID-19 impact on different countries [175,176,177,181]. Ilie and colleagues searched literature for mean vitamin D level in each country and observed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and number of COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]. Ali described a significant negative correlation between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries, as of 20 May 2020 [182].\nMoreover, a wide variation in the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection’s clinical presentation has been noticed, ranging from absent or minimal symptoms to critical conditions and death. To date, although some risk factors have been identified (age, co-morbidities, etc.), it is not yet completely understood why some patients develop more severe symptoms than others. Considering our knowledge on the role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system and in inhibiting a hyper activation of the inflammatory response, together with data from observational and clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation, various authors have also suggested a potential role of vitamin D in reducing the severity of the disease [183,184,185,186,187]. Vitamin D is especially known for its ability to reduce the “cytokine storm” that contributes to the pathogenesis of various viral infections, including COVID-19 [188].\nTo date, we only have preliminary observations regarding the association of vitamin D deficiency and frequency and severity of COVID-19; the above mentioned study from Ilie and colleagues found a correlation between mean vitamin D levels in each country and COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]; D’Avolio and colleagues investigated vitamin D concentrations in a small cohort of 107 patients with a positive naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 in Switzerland, and found significantly lower vitamin D levels in patients than in controls with negative swabs [187]; Lau et al. described a high frequency of vitamin D insufficiency (84.6%) in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in New Orleans, with a 100% frequency in patients younger than 75 years [188].\nInterestingly, a recent pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19 [189]. Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer."}

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":2583,"end":2622},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050729"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":2601,"end":2622},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":2943,"end":2955},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":2967,"end":2983},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032"}],"text":"5.5. New Perspectives: Is There a Potential for Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing COVID-19?\nAt the time of writing (3 July 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide with over 11 million confirmed infections. Different regions of the world have been differently affected by the pandemic, with Northern Italy setting an unfortunate record for incidence and mortality. Different factors might explain these geographical variations, such as the earlier spread of the virus in certain countries or the different preventive measures adopted, the different climates and air-pollution levels, or the different age-composition and social proximity of the communities. A North–South gradient in COVID-19 distribution has been noticed [174,175,176]. Areas along a latitude of 30–50° N with similar low-humidity, temperate weather, showed significant community spread of COVID-19 [177]. Marik and colleagues calculated the case-fatality rate in each state of the US and found increasing mortality with increasing latitude (\u003e40° N) [178]. More recently, another study reported a highly significant, positive correlation between lower death rates and a country’s proximity to the equator [179]. Rhodes et al. described that more northerly countries are currently showing relatively high COVID-19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1-degree latitude north of 28 degrees North [180].\nVitamin D deficiency is less common in countries where the sun exposure is consistent throughout the year or where the use of vitamin D fortified food is widespread. Various authors suggested that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in the variability of COVID-19 impact on different countries [175,176,177,181]. Ilie and colleagues searched literature for mean vitamin D level in each country and observed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and number of COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]. Ali described a significant negative correlation between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries, as of 20 May 2020 [182].\nMoreover, a wide variation in the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection’s clinical presentation has been noticed, ranging from absent or minimal symptoms to critical conditions and death. To date, although some risk factors have been identified (age, co-morbidities, etc.), it is not yet completely understood why some patients develop more severe symptoms than others. Considering our knowledge on the role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system and in inhibiting a hyper activation of the inflammatory response, together with data from observational and clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation, various authors have also suggested a potential role of vitamin D in reducing the severity of the disease [183,184,185,186,187]. Vitamin D is especially known for its ability to reduce the “cytokine storm” that contributes to the pathogenesis of various viral infections, including COVID-19 [188].\nTo date, we only have preliminary observations regarding the association of vitamin D deficiency and frequency and severity of COVID-19; the above mentioned study from Ilie and colleagues found a correlation between mean vitamin D levels in each country and COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]; D’Avolio and colleagues investigated vitamin D concentrations in a small cohort of 107 patients with a positive naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 in Switzerland, and found significantly lower vitamin D levels in patients than in controls with negative swabs [187]; Lau et al. described a high frequency of vitamin D insufficiency (84.6%) in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in New Orleans, with a 100% frequency in patients younger than 75 years [188].\nInterestingly, a recent pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19 [189]. Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer."}

LitCovid-PD-HP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":1432,"end":1452},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":1629,"end":1649},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":2903,"end":2917},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":3087,"end":3107},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A90","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T90","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512"},{"id":"A91","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T91","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512"},{"id":"A92","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T92","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A93","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T93","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512"}],"text":"5.5. New Perspectives: Is There a Potential for Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing COVID-19?\nAt the time of writing (3 July 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide with over 11 million confirmed infections. Different regions of the world have been differently affected by the pandemic, with Northern Italy setting an unfortunate record for incidence and mortality. Different factors might explain these geographical variations, such as the earlier spread of the virus in certain countries or the different preventive measures adopted, the different climates and air-pollution levels, or the different age-composition and social proximity of the communities. A North–South gradient in COVID-19 distribution has been noticed [174,175,176]. Areas along a latitude of 30–50° N with similar low-humidity, temperate weather, showed significant community spread of COVID-19 [177]. Marik and colleagues calculated the case-fatality rate in each state of the US and found increasing mortality with increasing latitude (\u003e40° N) [178]. More recently, another study reported a highly significant, positive correlation between lower death rates and a country’s proximity to the equator [179]. Rhodes et al. described that more northerly countries are currently showing relatively high COVID-19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1-degree latitude north of 28 degrees North [180].\nVitamin D deficiency is less common in countries where the sun exposure is consistent throughout the year or where the use of vitamin D fortified food is widespread. Various authors suggested that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in the variability of COVID-19 impact on different countries [175,176,177,181]. Ilie and colleagues searched literature for mean vitamin D level in each country and observed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and number of COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]. Ali described a significant negative correlation between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries, as of 20 May 2020 [182].\nMoreover, a wide variation in the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection’s clinical presentation has been noticed, ranging from absent or minimal symptoms to critical conditions and death. To date, although some risk factors have been identified (age, co-morbidities, etc.), it is not yet completely understood why some patients develop more severe symptoms than others. Considering our knowledge on the role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system and in inhibiting a hyper activation of the inflammatory response, together with data from observational and clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation, various authors have also suggested a potential role of vitamin D in reducing the severity of the disease [183,184,185,186,187]. Vitamin D is especially known for its ability to reduce the “cytokine storm” that contributes to the pathogenesis of various viral infections, including COVID-19 [188].\nTo date, we only have preliminary observations regarding the association of vitamin D deficiency and frequency and severity of COVID-19; the above mentioned study from Ilie and colleagues found a correlation between mean vitamin D levels in each country and COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]; D’Avolio and colleagues investigated vitamin D concentrations in a small cohort of 107 patients with a positive naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 in Switzerland, and found significantly lower vitamin D levels in patients than in controls with negative swabs [187]; Lau et al. described a high frequency of vitamin D insufficiency (84.6%) in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in New Orleans, with a 100% frequency in patients younger than 75 years [188].\nInterestingly, a recent pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19 [189]. Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer."}

LitCovid-sentences

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":0,"end":4},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":5,"end":22},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":23,"end":97},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":98,"end":241},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":242,"end":399},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":400,"end":692},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":693,"end":772},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":773,"end":908},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T261","span":{"begin":909,"end":1059},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1214},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":1215,"end":1431},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":1432,"end":1597},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":1598,"end":1747},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":1748,"end":1936},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T267","span":{"begin":1937,"end":2109},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":2110,"end":2291},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":2292,"end":2473},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T270","span":{"begin":2474,"end":2841},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T271","span":{"begin":2842,"end":3010},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T272","span":{"begin":3011,"end":3756},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T273","span":{"begin":3757,"end":3996},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T274","span":{"begin":3997,"end":4153},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"5.5. New Perspectives: Is There a Potential for Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing COVID-19?\nAt the time of writing (3 July 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide with over 11 million confirmed infections. Different regions of the world have been differently affected by the pandemic, with Northern Italy setting an unfortunate record for incidence and mortality. Different factors might explain these geographical variations, such as the earlier spread of the virus in certain countries or the different preventive measures adopted, the different climates and air-pollution levels, or the different age-composition and social proximity of the communities. A North–South gradient in COVID-19 distribution has been noticed [174,175,176]. Areas along a latitude of 30–50° N with similar low-humidity, temperate weather, showed significant community spread of COVID-19 [177]. Marik and colleagues calculated the case-fatality rate in each state of the US and found increasing mortality with increasing latitude (\u003e40° N) [178]. More recently, another study reported a highly significant, positive correlation between lower death rates and a country’s proximity to the equator [179]. Rhodes et al. described that more northerly countries are currently showing relatively high COVID-19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1-degree latitude north of 28 degrees North [180].\nVitamin D deficiency is less common in countries where the sun exposure is consistent throughout the year or where the use of vitamin D fortified food is widespread. Various authors suggested that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in the variability of COVID-19 impact on different countries [175,176,177,181]. Ilie and colleagues searched literature for mean vitamin D level in each country and observed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and number of COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]. Ali described a significant negative correlation between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries, as of 20 May 2020 [182].\nMoreover, a wide variation in the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection’s clinical presentation has been noticed, ranging from absent or minimal symptoms to critical conditions and death. To date, although some risk factors have been identified (age, co-morbidities, etc.), it is not yet completely understood why some patients develop more severe symptoms than others. Considering our knowledge on the role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system and in inhibiting a hyper activation of the inflammatory response, together with data from observational and clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation, various authors have also suggested a potential role of vitamin D in reducing the severity of the disease [183,184,185,186,187]. Vitamin D is especially known for its ability to reduce the “cytokine storm” that contributes to the pathogenesis of various viral infections, including COVID-19 [188].\nTo date, we only have preliminary observations regarding the association of vitamin D deficiency and frequency and severity of COVID-19; the above mentioned study from Ilie and colleagues found a correlation between mean vitamin D levels in each country and COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]; D’Avolio and colleagues investigated vitamin D concentrations in a small cohort of 107 patients with a positive naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 in Switzerland, and found significantly lower vitamin D levels in patients than in controls with negative swabs [187]; Lau et al. described a high frequency of vitamin D insufficiency (84.6%) in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in New Orleans, with a 100% frequency in patients younger than 75 years [188].\nInterestingly, a recent pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19 [189]. Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer."}

LitCovid-PubTator

PMC:7589163 / 42357-46510 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

PMC:7589163 / 42357-46510 JSON TXT