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PMC:7589163 / 42357-46510 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T213 2543-2556 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T214 2903-2911 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T84 2543-2556 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T168 88-96 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T169 140-148 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T170 230-240 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T171 719-727 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T172 893-901 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T173 1307-1315 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T174 1690-1698 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T175 1904-1912 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T176 2020-2028 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T177 2156-2160 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T178 2967-2983 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T179 2995-3003 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T180 3138-3146 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T181 3269-3277 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T182 3439-3443 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T183 3644-3652 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T184 3981-3989 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T441 32-33 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T442 158-161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T443 209-211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T444 497-502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T445 693-694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T446 741-744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T447 785-786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T448 1098-1099 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T449 1171-1172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T450 1661-1662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T451 1842-1843 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T452 1931-1934 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054057 denotes 181
T453 1951-1952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T454 2120-2121 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T455 2200-2203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T456 2543-2556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T457 2575-2576 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T458 2583-2593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T459 2749-2750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T460 3205-3206 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T461 3296-3299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054057 denotes 181
T462 3367-3368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T463 3403-3404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T464 3589-3590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T465 3699-3700 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T466 3772-3773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T467 3829-3830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T468 4133-4134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T614 48-57 Chemical denotes Vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89324
T615 48-55 Chemical denotes Vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T616 1432-1441 Chemical denotes Vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89324
T617 1432-1439 Chemical denotes Vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T618 1558-1567 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T619 1558-1565 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T620 1629-1638 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T621 1629-1636 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T622 1797-1806 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T623 1797-1804 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T624 1873-1882 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T625 1873-1880 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T626 1999-2008 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T627 1999-2006 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T628 2515-2524 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T629 2515-2522 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T630 2686-2695 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T631 2686-2693 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T632 2769-2778 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T633 2769-2776 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T634 2842-2851 Chemical denotes Vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89324
T635 2842-2849 Chemical denotes Vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T636 3087-3096 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T637 3087-3094 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T638 3232-3241 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T639 3232-3239 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T640 3339-3348 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T641 3339-3346 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T642 3495-3504 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T643 3495-3502 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T644 3568-3571 Chemical denotes Lau http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32359
T645 3609-3618 Chemical denotes vitamin D http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300
T646 3609-3616 Chemical denotes vitamin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229
T647 3997-4008 Chemical denotes Calcifediol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17933

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T112 2583-2622 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050729 denotes activation of the inflammatory response
T113 2601-2622 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammatory response
T114 2943-2955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T115 2967-2983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T90 1432-1452 Phenotype denotes Vitamin D deficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512
T91 1629-1649 Phenotype denotes vitamin D deficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512
T92 2903-2917 Phenotype denotes cytokine storm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041
T93 3087-3107 Phenotype denotes vitamin D deficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T253 0-4 Sentence denotes 5.5.
T254 5-22 Sentence denotes New Perspectives:
T255 23-97 Sentence denotes Is There a Potential for Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing COVID-19?
T256 98-241 Sentence denotes At the time of writing (3 July 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide with over 11 million confirmed infections.
T257 242-399 Sentence denotes Different regions of the world have been differently affected by the pandemic, with Northern Italy setting an unfortunate record for incidence and mortality.
T258 400-692 Sentence denotes Different factors might explain these geographical variations, such as the earlier spread of the virus in certain countries or the different preventive measures adopted, the different climates and air-pollution levels, or the different age-composition and social proximity of the communities.
T259 693-772 Sentence denotes A North–South gradient in COVID-19 distribution has been noticed [174,175,176].
T260 773-908 Sentence denotes Areas along a latitude of 30–50° N with similar low-humidity, temperate weather, showed significant community spread of COVID-19 [177].
T261 909-1059 Sentence denotes Marik and colleagues calculated the case-fatality rate in each state of the US and found increasing mortality with increasing latitude (>40° N) [178].
T262 1060-1214 Sentence denotes More recently, another study reported a highly significant, positive correlation between lower death rates and a country’s proximity to the equator [179].
T263 1215-1431 Sentence denotes Rhodes et al. described that more northerly countries are currently showing relatively high COVID-19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1-degree latitude north of 28 degrees North [180].
T264 1432-1597 Sentence denotes Vitamin D deficiency is less common in countries where the sun exposure is consistent throughout the year or where the use of vitamin D fortified food is widespread.
T265 1598-1747 Sentence denotes Various authors suggested that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in the variability of COVID-19 impact on different countries [175,176,177,181].
T266 1748-1936 Sentence denotes Ilie and colleagues searched literature for mean vitamin D level in each country and observed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and number of COVID-19 cases and deaths [181].
T267 1937-2109 Sentence denotes Ali described a significant negative correlation between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries, as of 20 May 2020 [182].
T268 2110-2291 Sentence denotes Moreover, a wide variation in the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection’s clinical presentation has been noticed, ranging from absent or minimal symptoms to critical conditions and death.
T269 2292-2473 Sentence denotes To date, although some risk factors have been identified (age, co-morbidities, etc.), it is not yet completely understood why some patients develop more severe symptoms than others.
T270 2474-2841 Sentence denotes Considering our knowledge on the role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system and in inhibiting a hyper activation of the inflammatory response, together with data from observational and clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation, various authors have also suggested a potential role of vitamin D in reducing the severity of the disease [183,184,185,186,187].
T271 2842-3010 Sentence denotes Vitamin D is especially known for its ability to reduce the “cytokine storm” that contributes to the pathogenesis of various viral infections, including COVID-19 [188].
T272 3011-3756 Sentence denotes To date, we only have preliminary observations regarding the association of vitamin D deficiency and frequency and severity of COVID-19; the above mentioned study from Ilie and colleagues found a correlation between mean vitamin D levels in each country and COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]; D’Avolio and colleagues investigated vitamin D concentrations in a small cohort of 107 patients with a positive naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 in Switzerland, and found significantly lower vitamin D levels in patients than in controls with negative swabs [187]; Lau et al. described a high frequency of vitamin D insufficiency (84.6%) in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in New Orleans, with a 100% frequency in patients younger than 75 years [188].
T273 3757-3996 Sentence denotes Interestingly, a recent pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19 [189].
T274 3997-4153 Sentence denotes Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer.

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1082 48-57 Chemical denotes Vitamin D MESH:D014807
1083 88-96 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1094 140-148 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1095 230-240 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1096 389-398 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1097 719-727 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1098 893-901 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1099 1009-1018 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1100 1155-1160 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1101 1307-1315 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1102 1316-1325 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1103 1362-1371 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1114 1432-1441 Chemical denotes Vitamin D MESH:D014807
1115 1558-1567 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1116 1629-1638 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1117 1797-1806 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1118 1873-1882 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1119 1999-2008 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1120 1690-1698 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1121 1904-1912 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1122 1923-1929 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
1123 2020-2028 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1134 2156-2165 Species denotes SARS-CoV2 Tax:2697049
1135 2423-2431 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1136 2515-2524 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1137 2686-2695 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1138 2769-2778 Chemical denotes vitamin D MESH:D014807
1139 2842-2851 Chemical denotes Vitamin D MESH:D014807
1140 2166-2175 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1141 2285-2290 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1142 2967-2983 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1143 2995-3003 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1154 3389-3397 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1155 3439-3448 Species denotes SARS-CoV2 Tax:2697049
1156 3515-3523 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1157 3653-3661 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1158 3719-3727 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1159 3138-3146 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1160 3269-3277 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1161 3288-3294 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
1162 3619-3632 Disease denotes insufficiency MESH:D000309
1163 3644-3652 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1167 3932-3940 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1168 3844-3863 Chemical denotes 25-hydroxyvitamin D MESH:C104450
1169 3981-3989 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245