PMC:7589163 / 42357-46510
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T213 | 2543-2556 | Body_part | denotes | immune system | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825 |
T214 | 2903-2911 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T84 | 2543-2556 | Body_part | denotes | immune system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T168 | 88-96 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T169 | 140-148 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T170 | 230-240 | Disease | denotes | infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T171 | 719-727 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T172 | 893-901 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T173 | 1307-1315 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T174 | 1690-1698 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T175 | 1904-1912 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T176 | 2020-2028 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T177 | 2156-2160 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T178 | 2967-2983 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
T179 | 2995-3003 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T180 | 3138-3146 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T181 | 3269-3277 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T182 | 3439-3443 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T183 | 3644-3652 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T184 | 3981-3989 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T441 | 32-33 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T442 | 158-161 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T443 | 209-211 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
T444 | 497-502 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T445 | 693-694 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T446 | 741-744 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T447 | 785-786 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T448 | 1098-1099 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T449 | 1171-1172 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T450 | 1661-1662 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T451 | 1842-1843 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T452 | 1931-1934 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054057 | denotes | 181 |
T453 | 1951-1952 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T454 | 2120-2121 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T455 | 2200-2203 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T456 | 2543-2556 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 | denotes | immune system |
T457 | 2575-2576 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T458 | 2583-2593 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
T459 | 2749-2750 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T460 | 3205-3206 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T461 | 3296-3299 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054057 | denotes | 181 |
T462 | 3367-3368 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T463 | 3403-3404 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T464 | 3589-3590 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T465 | 3699-3700 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T466 | 3772-3773 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T467 | 3829-3830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T468 | 4133-4134 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T614 | 48-57 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89324 |
T615 | 48-55 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T616 | 1432-1441 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89324 |
T617 | 1432-1439 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T618 | 1558-1567 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T619 | 1558-1565 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T620 | 1629-1638 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T621 | 1629-1636 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T622 | 1797-1806 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T623 | 1797-1804 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T624 | 1873-1882 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T625 | 1873-1880 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T626 | 1999-2008 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T627 | 1999-2006 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T628 | 2515-2524 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T629 | 2515-2522 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T630 | 2686-2695 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T631 | 2686-2693 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T632 | 2769-2778 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T633 | 2769-2776 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T634 | 2842-2851 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89324 |
T635 | 2842-2849 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T636 | 3087-3096 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T637 | 3087-3094 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T638 | 3232-3241 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T639 | 3232-3239 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T640 | 3339-3348 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T641 | 3339-3346 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T642 | 3495-3504 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T643 | 3495-3502 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T644 | 3568-3571 | Chemical | denotes | Lau | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32359 |
T645 | 3609-3618 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300 |
T646 | 3609-3616 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229 |
T647 | 3997-4008 | Chemical | denotes | Calcifediol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17933 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T112 | 2583-2622 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050729 | denotes | activation of the inflammatory response |
T113 | 2601-2622 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammatory response |
T114 | 2943-2955 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 | denotes | pathogenesis |
T115 | 2967-2983 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infections |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T90 | 1432-1452 | Phenotype | denotes | Vitamin D deficiency | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512 |
T91 | 1629-1649 | Phenotype | denotes | vitamin D deficiency | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512 |
T92 | 2903-2917 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine storm | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
T93 | 3087-3107 | Phenotype | denotes | vitamin D deficiency | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100512 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T253 | 0-4 | Sentence | denotes | 5.5. |
T254 | 5-22 | Sentence | denotes | New Perspectives: |
T255 | 23-97 | Sentence | denotes | Is There a Potential for Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing COVID-19? |
T256 | 98-241 | Sentence | denotes | At the time of writing (3 July 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 500,000 lives worldwide with over 11 million confirmed infections. |
T257 | 242-399 | Sentence | denotes | Different regions of the world have been differently affected by the pandemic, with Northern Italy setting an unfortunate record for incidence and mortality. |
T258 | 400-692 | Sentence | denotes | Different factors might explain these geographical variations, such as the earlier spread of the virus in certain countries or the different preventive measures adopted, the different climates and air-pollution levels, or the different age-composition and social proximity of the communities. |
T259 | 693-772 | Sentence | denotes | A North–South gradient in COVID-19 distribution has been noticed [174,175,176]. |
T260 | 773-908 | Sentence | denotes | Areas along a latitude of 30–50° N with similar low-humidity, temperate weather, showed significant community spread of COVID-19 [177]. |
T261 | 909-1059 | Sentence | denotes | Marik and colleagues calculated the case-fatality rate in each state of the US and found increasing mortality with increasing latitude (>40° N) [178]. |
T262 | 1060-1214 | Sentence | denotes | More recently, another study reported a highly significant, positive correlation between lower death rates and a country’s proximity to the equator [179]. |
T263 | 1215-1431 | Sentence | denotes | Rhodes et al. described that more northerly countries are currently showing relatively high COVID-19 mortality, with an estimated 4.4% increase in mortality for each 1-degree latitude north of 28 degrees North [180]. |
T264 | 1432-1597 | Sentence | denotes | Vitamin D deficiency is less common in countries where the sun exposure is consistent throughout the year or where the use of vitamin D fortified food is widespread. |
T265 | 1598-1747 | Sentence | denotes | Various authors suggested that vitamin D deficiency might play a role in the variability of COVID-19 impact on different countries [175,176,177,181]. |
T266 | 1748-1936 | Sentence | denotes | Ilie and colleagues searched literature for mean vitamin D level in each country and observed a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and number of COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]. |
T267 | 1937-2109 | Sentence | denotes | Ali described a significant negative correlation between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries, as of 20 May 2020 [182]. |
T268 | 2110-2291 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, a wide variation in the severity of SARS-CoV2 infection’s clinical presentation has been noticed, ranging from absent or minimal symptoms to critical conditions and death. |
T269 | 2292-2473 | Sentence | denotes | To date, although some risk factors have been identified (age, co-morbidities, etc.), it is not yet completely understood why some patients develop more severe symptoms than others. |
T270 | 2474-2841 | Sentence | denotes | Considering our knowledge on the role of vitamin D in modulating the immune system and in inhibiting a hyper activation of the inflammatory response, together with data from observational and clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation, various authors have also suggested a potential role of vitamin D in reducing the severity of the disease [183,184,185,186,187]. |
T271 | 2842-3010 | Sentence | denotes | Vitamin D is especially known for its ability to reduce the “cytokine storm” that contributes to the pathogenesis of various viral infections, including COVID-19 [188]. |
T272 | 3011-3756 | Sentence | denotes | To date, we only have preliminary observations regarding the association of vitamin D deficiency and frequency and severity of COVID-19; the above mentioned study from Ilie and colleagues found a correlation between mean vitamin D levels in each country and COVID-19 cases and deaths [181]; D’Avolio and colleagues investigated vitamin D concentrations in a small cohort of 107 patients with a positive naso-pharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 in Switzerland, and found significantly lower vitamin D levels in patients than in controls with negative swabs [187]; Lau et al. described a high frequency of vitamin D insufficiency (84.6%) in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in New Orleans, with a 100% frequency in patients younger than 75 years [188]. |
T273 | 3757-3996 | Sentence | denotes | Interestingly, a recent pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19 [189]. |
T274 | 3997-4153 | Sentence | denotes | Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer. |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1082 | 48-57 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1083 | 88-96 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1094 | 140-148 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1095 | 230-240 | Disease | denotes | infections | MESH:D007239 |
1096 | 389-398 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
1097 | 719-727 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1098 | 893-901 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1099 | 1009-1018 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
1100 | 1155-1160 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
1101 | 1307-1315 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1102 | 1316-1325 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
1103 | 1362-1371 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
1114 | 1432-1441 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1115 | 1558-1567 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1116 | 1629-1638 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1117 | 1797-1806 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1118 | 1873-1882 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1119 | 1999-2008 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1120 | 1690-1698 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1121 | 1904-1912 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1122 | 1923-1929 | Disease | denotes | deaths | MESH:D003643 |
1123 | 2020-2028 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1134 | 2156-2165 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV2 | Tax:2697049 |
1135 | 2423-2431 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
1136 | 2515-2524 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1137 | 2686-2695 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1138 | 2769-2778 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1139 | 2842-2851 | Chemical | denotes | Vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
1140 | 2166-2175 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
1141 | 2285-2290 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
1142 | 2967-2983 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | MESH:D001102 |
1143 | 2995-3003 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1154 | 3389-3397 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
1155 | 3439-3448 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV2 | Tax:2697049 |
1156 | 3515-3523 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
1157 | 3653-3661 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
1158 | 3719-3727 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
1159 | 3138-3146 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1160 | 3269-3277 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1161 | 3288-3294 | Disease | denotes | deaths | MESH:D003643 |
1162 | 3619-3632 | Disease | denotes | insufficiency | MESH:D000309 |
1163 | 3644-3652 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1167 | 3932-3940 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
1168 | 3844-3863 | Chemical | denotes | 25-hydroxyvitamin D | MESH:C104450 |
1169 | 3981-3989 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |