PMC:7558914 / 11841-13524 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7558914","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7558914","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7558914","text":"All protocol considered the management of ARDS with signs of cytokine release syndrome, which included elevation of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein levels [9]. The therapies (corticosteroids, anticytokine or immunomodulatory agents, and immunoglobulin therapy) were recommended once these syndromes were observed. The choice of which therapy to use was made by physicians according to their own clinical judgment. Corticosteroids were widely included in all protocols; indeed, only 2 out of 15 hospitals did not include any corticosteroid regimen. There was a total of five corticosteroid regimens, which used dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, or prednisone. Dexamethasone was recommended in eight protocols with two different regimens: 20 mg (5/8, 62.5%) or 40 mg (3/8, 37.5%) daily. Methylprednisolone was included in 13 protocols with 2 different regimens: 125–250 mg (8/13, 61.5%) or 1 mg/kg (5/13, 38.5%) daily. Only one protocol included prednisone with a single regimen of 40 mg daily. The duration of treatment varied from 3 to 10 days, depending on the patient’s clinical condition. Tocilizumab was recommended in all protocols with the same dosage (400 or 600 mg) according to body weight. Anakinra was included in seven protocols with six different regimens. Immunoglobulins were included as possible therapy in three protocols. In six protocols, other optional therapies were included, such as sarilumab, baricitinib, colchicine, ciclosporin A, sirolimus, tacrolimus, and vitamin D, according to clinical trials. Dosage and durations of corticosteroids, anticytokine or immunomodulatory agents, and immunoglobulin therapy are shown in Table 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