PMC:7556165 / 54021-56175
Annnotations
LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon","denotations":[{"id":"T332","span":{"begin":48,"end":56},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T333","span":{"begin":1025,"end":1033},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T334","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1875},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T335","span":{"begin":1962,"end":1972},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T336","span":{"begin":1962,"end":1966},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A332","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T332","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A333","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T333","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A334","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T334","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A335","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T335","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A336","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T336","obj":"NCBItxid:694009"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"NCBItxid","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T336","span":{"begin":0,"end":240},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T337","span":{"begin":241,"end":423},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T338","span":{"begin":424,"end":671},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T339","span":{"begin":672,"end":880},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":881,"end":1156},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T341","span":{"begin":1157,"end":1310},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T342","span":{"begin":1311,"end":1455},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T343","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1644},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T344","span":{"begin":1645,"end":1803},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T345","span":{"begin":1804,"end":1885},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T346","span":{"begin":1886,"end":2154},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":1536,"end":1542},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":1748,"end":1753},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A140","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T140","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"A141","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T141","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-Pubtator
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator","denotations":[{"id":"1536","span":{"begin":57,"end":65},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1537","span":{"begin":515,"end":523},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1538","span":{"begin":1183,"end":1191},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1539","span":{"begin":1923,"end":1931},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1540","span":{"begin":1962,"end":1972},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1541","span":{"begin":48,"end":56},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1542","span":{"begin":173,"end":185},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1543","span":{"begin":187,"end":210},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1544","span":{"begin":215,"end":239},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1545","span":{"begin":506,"end":514},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1546","span":{"begin":597,"end":609},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1547","span":{"begin":619,"end":627},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1548","span":{"begin":640,"end":663},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1549","span":{"begin":813,"end":825},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1550","span":{"begin":835,"end":857},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1551","span":{"begin":1025,"end":1033},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1552","span":{"begin":1247,"end":1259},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1553","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1273},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1554","span":{"begin":1361,"end":1373},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1555","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1389},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1556","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1557","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1464},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1558","span":{"begin":1512,"end":1516},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1559","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1549},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1560","span":{"begin":1563,"end":1575},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1561","span":{"begin":1603,"end":1612},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1562","span":{"begin":1774,"end":1783},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1563","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1875},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1564","span":{"begin":1894,"end":1901},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1565","span":{"begin":2105,"end":2114},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1565","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1565","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1563","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1563","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1555","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1555","obj":"MESH:D003920"},{"id":"A1550","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1550","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1539","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1539","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1542","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1542","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1547","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1547","obj":"MESH:D003920"},{"id":"A1561","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1561","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1556","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1556","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1558","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1558","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A1538","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1538","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1544","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1544","obj":"MESH:D003924"},{"id":"A1564","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1564","obj":"MESH:D009765"},{"id":"A1541","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1541","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1549","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1549","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1548","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1548","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1560","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1560","obj":"MESH:D012772"},{"id":"A1554","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1554","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1559","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1559","obj":"MESH:D058186"},{"id":"A1540","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1540","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1557","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1557","obj":"MESH:D003920"},{"id":"A1553","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1553","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1551","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1551","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1545","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1545","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A1543","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1543","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1546","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1546","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1562","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1562","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1536","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1536","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1552","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1552","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1537","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1537","obj":"Tax:9606"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO","denotations":[{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":156,"end":164},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T208","span":{"begin":202,"end":210},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":506,"end":514},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000586"},{"id":"T210","span":{"begin":655,"end":663},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T211","span":{"begin":726,"end":733},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T212","span":{"begin":850,"end":857},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T213","span":{"begin":968,"end":975},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T214","span":{"begin":1118,"end":1125},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T215","span":{"begin":1416,"end":1423},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T216","span":{"begin":1748,"end":1753},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA","denotations":[{"id":"T397","span":{"begin":1536,"end":1542},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T398","span":{"begin":1748,"end":1753},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A397","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T397","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"},{"id":"A398","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T398","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T296","span":{"begin":48,"end":56},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T297","span":{"begin":173,"end":210},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T298","span":{"begin":215,"end":239},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T299","span":{"begin":597,"end":609},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T300","span":{"begin":619,"end":627},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T301","span":{"begin":640,"end":663},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T302","span":{"begin":813,"end":825},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T303","span":{"begin":835,"end":857},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T304","span":{"begin":1025,"end":1033},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T305","span":{"begin":1247,"end":1259},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T306","span":{"begin":1361,"end":1373},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T307","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1389},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T308","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T309","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1464},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T310","span":{"begin":1512,"end":1516},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T311","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1549},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T312","span":{"begin":1804,"end":1811},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T313","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1875},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T314","span":{"begin":1894,"end":1901},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T315","span":{"begin":1962,"end":1972},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T316","span":{"begin":1962,"end":1966},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A296","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T296","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A312","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T312","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011122"},{"id":"A304","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T304","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A305","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T305","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A307","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T307","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015"},{"id":"A297","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T297","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001302"},{"id":"A316","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T316","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A310","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T310","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A300","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T300","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015"},{"id":"A298","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T298","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005148"},{"id":"A301","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T301","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004995"},{"id":"A302","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T302","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A303","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T303","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004995"},{"id":"A309","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T309","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015"},{"id":"A315","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T315","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A308","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T308","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004995"},{"id":"A311","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T311","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002492"},{"id":"A299","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T299","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A306","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T306","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A314","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T314","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011122"},{"id":"A313","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T313","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-PD-MAT
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MAT","denotations":[{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":106,"end":111},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000029"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":1536,"end":1542},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000119"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sample-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":173,"end":185},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":187,"end":210},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":222,"end":239},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":597,"end":609},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":640,"end":663},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":813,"end":825},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":835,"end":857},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1247,"end":1259},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1361,"end":1373},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1423},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1549},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1570,"end":1575},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1804,"end":1811},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1894,"end":1901},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A42","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A48","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A52","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001919"},{"id":"A49","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A47","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A51","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A44","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819"},{"id":"A55","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001513"},{"id":"A43","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A54","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001513"},{"id":"A45","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A46","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A50","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A53","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":173,"end":185},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":187,"end":210},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":222,"end":239},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":597,"end":609},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":640,"end":663},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":813,"end":825},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":835,"end":857},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":1247,"end":1259},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1361,"end":1373},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1423},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1549},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1570,"end":1575},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":1804,"end":1811},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1894,"end":1901},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A45","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A46","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A47","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819"},{"id":"A48","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A49","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A50","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A51","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A52","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A53","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A54","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A55","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001919"},{"id":"A56","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273"},{"id":"A57","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T57","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001513"},{"id":"A58","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001513"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1536","span":{"begin":57,"end":65},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1537","span":{"begin":515,"end":523},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1538","span":{"begin":1183,"end":1191},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1539","span":{"begin":1923,"end":1931},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1540","span":{"begin":1962,"end":1972},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1541","span":{"begin":48,"end":56},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1542","span":{"begin":173,"end":185},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1543","span":{"begin":187,"end":210},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1544","span":{"begin":215,"end":239},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1545","span":{"begin":506,"end":514},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1546","span":{"begin":597,"end":609},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1547","span":{"begin":619,"end":627},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1548","span":{"begin":640,"end":663},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1549","span":{"begin":813,"end":825},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1550","span":{"begin":835,"end":857},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1551","span":{"begin":1025,"end":1033},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1552","span":{"begin":1247,"end":1259},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1553","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1273},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1554","span":{"begin":1361,"end":1373},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1555","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1389},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1556","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1423},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1557","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1464},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1558","span":{"begin":1512,"end":1516},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1559","span":{"begin":1530,"end":1549},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1560","span":{"begin":1563,"end":1575},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1561","span":{"begin":1603,"end":1612},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1562","span":{"begin":1774,"end":1783},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1563","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1875},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1564","span":{"begin":1894,"end":1901},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1565","span":{"begin":2105,"end":2114},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1536","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1536","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1537","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1537","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1538","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1538","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1539","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1539","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1540","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1540","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1541","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1541","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1542","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1542","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1543","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1543","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1544","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1544","obj":"MESH:D003924"},{"id":"A1545","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1545","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A1546","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1546","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1547","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1547","obj":"MESH:D003920"},{"id":"A1548","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1548","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1549","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1549","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1550","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1550","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1551","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1551","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1552","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1552","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1553","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1553","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1554","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1554","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A1555","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1555","obj":"MESH:D003920"},{"id":"A1556","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1556","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A1557","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1557","obj":"MESH:D003920"},{"id":"A1558","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1558","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A1559","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1559","obj":"MESH:D058186"},{"id":"A1560","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1560","obj":"MESH:D012772"},{"id":"A1561","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1561","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1562","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1562","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1563","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1563","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1564","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1564","obj":"MESH:D009765"},{"id":"A1565","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1565","obj":"MESH:D003643"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T336","span":{"begin":0,"end":240},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T337","span":{"begin":241,"end":423},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T338","span":{"begin":424,"end":671},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T339","span":{"begin":672,"end":880},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":881,"end":1156},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T341","span":{"begin":1157,"end":1310},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T342","span":{"begin":1311,"end":1455},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T343","span":{"begin":1456,"end":1644},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T344","span":{"begin":1645,"end":1803},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T345","span":{"begin":1804,"end":1885},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T346","span":{"begin":1886,"end":2154},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Epidemiological data consistently show that the COVID-19 patients at highest risk of a poor prognosis are males older than 60 years with chronic underlying diseases, mostly hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports have been rapidly delivered from all over the world, and meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis are already available. A meta-analysis pooling data from seven studies following a total number of 1,576 infected patients from hospitals in China found that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (9.7%), and cardiovascular diseases (8.4%). These increased the risk of developing a more serious disease (i.e., requiring intensive care treatment), with odds ratios ranging from 2.4 (hypertension) to 3.4 (cardiovascular disease) (Yang et al., 2020b). These findings have been confirmed in the analysis performed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a huge sample of 72314 COVID-19 cases (Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). A study with 1591 Italian patients, similarly, reported a significant association between hypertension and mortality in Intensive Care Unit (63 vs. 40%). This series reported an even higher prevalence of hypertension (49%), diabetes (17%), and cardiovascular disease (21%) (Grasselli et al., 2020). Diabetes has been reported to predict the occurrence of ARDS (HR = 1.44), acute kidney injury (HR = 3.01), septic shock (HR = 1.95), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.70) (Zhu et al., 2020). Notably, poor glycemic control was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes, namely multi-organ injuries and higher mortality (Zhu et al., 2020). Obesity has also emerged as an important factor in determining COVID-19 severity. Indeed, obesity was more frequent in patients admitted to critical care for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to the general population; moreover, the BMI was positively related to the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality (Drucker, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020)."}