PMC:7555630 / 10925-12912
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1558,"end":1562},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A12","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1558,"end":1562},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A6","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":32,"end":40},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":58,"end":75},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":86,"end":104},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":416,"end":439},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":606,"end":623},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":630,"end":638},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":693,"end":695},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":1070,"end":1078},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":1131,"end":1133},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":1200,"end":1217},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":1284,"end":1292},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":1335,"end":1344},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":1400,"end":1408},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":1619,"end":1621},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":1643,"end":1651},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":1673,"end":1691},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":1767,"end":1769},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A95","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T95","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A96","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005180"},{"id":"A97","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T97","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005395"},{"id":"A98","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T98","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004995"},{"id":"A99","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T99","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005180"},{"id":"A100","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T100","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A101","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T101","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005180"},{"id":"A102","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T102","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A103","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T103","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005180"},{"id":"A104","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T104","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005180"},{"id":"A105","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A106","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A107","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A108","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T108","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005180"},{"id":"A109","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T109","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A110","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T110","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005395"},{"id":"A111","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T111","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005180"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":105,"end":108},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":131,"end":132},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":376,"end":381},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":376,"end":381},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":656,"end":659},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":749,"end":759},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":795,"end":796},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":872,"end":880},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1142},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1864,"end":1865},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":693,"end":695},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1131,"end":1133},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1619,"end":1621},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1767,"end":1769},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1891,"end":1896},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A20","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756"},{"id":"A21","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756"},{"id":"A22","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756"},{"id":"A23","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756"},{"id":"A24","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":58,"end":67},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":86,"end":104},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":416,"end":439},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":606,"end":615},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":1200,"end":1209},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":1659,"end":1668},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":1673,"end":1691},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A71","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T71","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001300"},{"id":"A72","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100022"},{"id":"A73","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626"},{"id":"A74","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001300"},{"id":"A75","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001300"},{"id":"A76","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001300"},{"id":"A77","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100022"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":0,"end":208},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":209,"end":347},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":348,"end":639},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":640,"end":970},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":971,"end":1140},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1350},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":1351,"end":1544},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":1545,"end":1987},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32962001-32250324-44896005","span":{"begin":202,"end":203},"obj":"32250324"},{"id":"32962001-32291797-44896006","span":{"begin":204,"end":206},"obj":"32291797"},{"id":"32962001-32250324-44896007","span":{"begin":965,"end":966},"obj":"32250324"},{"id":"32962001-32741841-44896008","span":{"begin":967,"end":968},"obj":"32741841"},{"id":"32962001-32250324-44896009","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1138},"obj":"32250324"},{"id":"32962001-32449528-44896010","span":{"begin":1346,"end":1348},"obj":"32449528"},{"id":"32962001-32347572-44896011","span":{"begin":1983,"end":1985},"obj":"32347572"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"382","span":{"begin":44,"end":52},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"383","span":{"begin":310,"end":318},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"384","span":{"begin":559,"end":566},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"385","span":{"begin":592,"end":600},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"386","span":{"begin":679,"end":687},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"387","span":{"begin":1119,"end":1125},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"388","span":{"begin":1186,"end":1194},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"389","span":{"begin":1430,"end":1438},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"390","span":{"begin":1536,"end":1543},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"391","span":{"begin":1622,"end":1630},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"392","span":{"begin":1770,"end":1778},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"393","span":{"begin":1957,"end":1965},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"394","span":{"begin":32,"end":40},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"395","span":{"begin":58,"end":75},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"396","span":{"begin":86,"end":104},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"397","span":{"begin":416,"end":439},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"398","span":{"begin":463,"end":486},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"399","span":{"begin":606,"end":623},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"400","span":{"begin":630,"end":638},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"401","span":{"begin":693,"end":695},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"402","span":{"begin":705,"end":714},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"403","span":{"begin":763,"end":769},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"404","span":{"begin":1070,"end":1078},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"405","span":{"begin":1131,"end":1133},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"406","span":{"begin":1200,"end":1217},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"407","span":{"begin":1284,"end":1292},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"408","span":{"begin":1335,"end":1344},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"409","span":{"begin":1388,"end":1394},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"410","span":{"begin":1400,"end":1408},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"411","span":{"begin":1619,"end":1621},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"412","span":{"begin":1643,"end":1651},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"413","span":{"begin":1659,"end":1691},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"414","span":{"begin":1767,"end":1769},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"415","span":{"begin":1917,"end":1926},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A382","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"382","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A383","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"383","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A384","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"384","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A385","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"385","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A386","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"386","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A387","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"387","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A388","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"388","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A389","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"389","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A390","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"390","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A391","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"391","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A392","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"392","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A393","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"393","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A394","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"394","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A395","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"395","obj":"MESH:D010300"},{"id":"A396","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"396","obj":"MESH:D009069"},{"id":"A397","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"397","obj":"MESH:D002318"},{"id":"A398","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"398","obj":"MESH:D012131"},{"id":"A399","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"399","obj":"MESH:D010300"},{"id":"A400","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"400","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A401","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"401","obj":"MESH:D010300"},{"id":"A402","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"402","obj":"MESH:D003072"},{"id":"A403","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"403","obj":"MESH:D000079225"},{"id":"A404","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"404","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A405","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"405","obj":"MESH:D010300"},{"id":"A406","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"406","obj":"MESH:D010300"},{"id":"A407","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"407","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A408","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"408","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A409","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"409","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A410","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"410","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A411","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"411","obj":"MESH:D010300"},{"id":"A412","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"412","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A413","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"413","obj":"MESH:D010302"},{"id":"A414","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"414","obj":"MESH:D010300"},{"id":"A415","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"415","obj":"MESH:D003643"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"The increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson disease and other movement disorders has been presumed and was a source of heightened concern in the early months of this pandemic [5,6,10]. The inherent characteristics and comorbidities of this population made it quite plausible that these patients are particularly vulnerable. Older age, preponderance in males, increased likelihood of comorbid cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction had all been cited as potential risk factors for worse outcomes in this patient population, particularly patients with Parkinson disease, from COVID-19. Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with PD may have cognitive and motor inflexibility, impaired activation of stress response mechanisms, and a susceptibility to adverse effects of social isolation and loss of physical activity that render them less likely to cope well with the consequences of this pandemic [5,6,9]. Up until recently, however, systematic data did not show an apparent increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or for worse outcomes of the disease in people with PD [5,6]. A community-based observational study of 141 patients with Parkinson disease in Lombardy, one of the most heavily affected regions in Italy by COVID-19, yielded 12 cases or an 8.5% incidence of infection [14]. The authors noted that there were no deaths from COVID-19 in their cohort, and patients manifested primarily with mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization except for one patient. On the other hand, Antonini and colleagues reported on the outcomes of 10 PD patients affected by COVID-19 at the Parkinson and Movement Disorders unit in Italy and at King’s College Hospital in London, and suggested that PD patients, particularly those who are older and on advanced therapies, should be considered as a specifically susceptible group because of the high mortality rate noted for this subset of patients in their series [15]."}