PMC:7544943 / 1875-3470
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7544943","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7544943","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7544943","text":"The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat worldwide due to its fast-spreading nature. This disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The entry of this coronavirus to the host cell is mediated through the transmembrane spike glycoproteins (Hasan et al., 2020). This glycoprotein consists of two subunits and is reported to have a similar affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which in turn results in efficient spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in humans (Walls et al., 2020). The spike glycol protein binds to its receptor human ACE2 by its receptor-binding domain (RBD) and is activated proteolytically by human protease (Shang et al., 2020). The interaction of the RBD of the spike glycoprotein to ACE2 is carried out by ARG403, TYR453, SER494, TYR495, PHE497, GLN498, THR500, ASN501, TYR505 residues of spike glycoprotein (Lan et al., 2020). The interaction of RBD Spro to ACE2 can be inhibited by the small molecules that interact with the above residues of RBD spike protein (Spro). On the other hand, the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), also known as chymotrypsin-like protease, or 3-C-like protease (3CLpro), plays a vital role in processing the polyproteins through the translation of viral RNA. This protease is reported to have a minimum of 11 cleavage sites resulting in viral replication and toxicity (Zhang et al., 2020). The inhibition of these two viral targets can actively block the fusion and replication of SARS-CoV-2.","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1162},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":246,"end":250},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":295,"end":308},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":336,"end":348},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":650,"end":657},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":841,"end":853},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":969,"end":981},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1129,"end":1136},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1158,"end":1162},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1357,"end":1360},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A4","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A5","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A6","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A7","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A8","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A9","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A10","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712"},{"id":"A11","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":10,"end":34},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":36,"end":44},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":142,"end":189},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":142,"end":175},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":191,"end":199},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":484,"end":517},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":531,"end":539},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":590,"end":598},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1168,"end":1176},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1592},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A18","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A21","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A22","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A23","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T21","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T22","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T23","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":46,"end":49},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":57,"end":58},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":246,"end":250},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":398,"end":399},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":424,"end":429},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":604,"end":610},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":680,"end":685},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":735,"end":744},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":761,"end":769},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1281},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1396,"end":1397},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1409,"end":1411},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1539,"end":1547},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T21","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"79","span":{"begin":430,"end":461},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"80","span":{"begin":463,"end":467},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"81","span":{"begin":686,"end":690},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"82","span":{"begin":835,"end":840},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"83","span":{"begin":857,"end":861},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"84","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1037},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"85","span":{"begin":1194,"end":1198},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"86","span":{"begin":142,"end":189},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"87","span":{"begin":191,"end":201},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"88","span":{"begin":222,"end":233},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"89","span":{"begin":424,"end":429},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"90","span":{"begin":484,"end":529},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"91","span":{"begin":531,"end":539},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"92","span":{"begin":590,"end":600},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"93","span":{"begin":604,"end":610},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"94","span":{"begin":680,"end":685},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"95","span":{"begin":764,"end":769},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"96","span":{"begin":1168,"end":1178},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"97","span":{"begin":1584,"end":1594},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"98","span":{"begin":1123,"end":1128},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"99","span":{"begin":637,"end":642},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"100","span":{"begin":289,"end":294},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"101","span":{"begin":643,"end":649},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"102","span":{"begin":880,"end":886},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"103","span":{"begin":888,"end":894},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"104","span":{"begin":896,"end":902},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"105","span":{"begin":904,"end":910},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"106","span":{"begin":912,"end":918},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"107","span":{"begin":920,"end":926},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"108","span":{"begin":928,"end":934},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"109","span":{"begin":936,"end":942},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"110","span":{"begin":944,"end":950},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"111","span":{"begin":4,"end":29},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"112","span":{"begin":36,"end":44},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"113","span":{"begin":1462,"end":1470},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A79","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"79","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A80","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"80","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A81","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"81","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A82","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"82","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A83","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"83","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A84","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"84","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A85","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"85","obj":"Gene:8673700"},{"id":"A86","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"86","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A87","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"87","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A88","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"88","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A89","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"89","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A90","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"90","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A91","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"91","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A92","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"92","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A93","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"93","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A94","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"94","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A95","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"95","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A96","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"96","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A97","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"97","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A98","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"98","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A99","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"99","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A100","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"100","obj":"Gene:43740568"},{"id":"A101","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"101","obj":"MESH:D006018"},{"id":"A111","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"111","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A112","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"112","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A113","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"113","obj":"MESH:D064420"},{"subj":"79","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"80","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"81","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"82","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"83","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"84","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"85","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"86","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"87","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"88","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"89","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"90","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"91","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"92","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"93","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"94","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"95","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"96","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"97","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"98","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"99","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"100","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"101","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"102","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"103","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"104","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"105","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"106","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"107","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"108","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"109","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"110","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"111","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"112","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"113","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1336,"end":1347},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1440,"end":1457},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1440,"end":1457},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":0,"end":115},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":116,"end":203},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":204,"end":330},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":331,"end":632},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":633,"end":800},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":801,"end":1001},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1002,"end":1144},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1145,"end":1361},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1492},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1595},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T24","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T25","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T26","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T27","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T28","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T29","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T30","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T31","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T32","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T33","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32938313-32155444-56197365","span":{"begin":626,"end":630},"obj":"32155444"},{"id":"32938313-32376634-56197366","span":{"begin":794,"end":798},"obj":"32376634"},{"id":"32938313-32198291-56197367","span":{"begin":1486,"end":1490},"obj":"32198291"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"32938313-32155444-56197365","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32938313-32376634-56197366","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"32938313-32198291-56197367","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","color":"#93a9ec","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#c3ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#ec93dd"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#93ece1"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#ecc793"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#ad93ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#93ec93"},{"id":"2_test","color":"#ec93ac"}]}]}}