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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T3 7297-7305 Body_part denotes Appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T4 11008-11016 Body_part denotes Appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T4 6236-6240 Body_part denotes feet http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002387
T5 7201-7207 Body_part denotes scales http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T6 7808-7813 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T45 299-307 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T46 5056-5072 Disease denotes social cognition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010244
T47 5284-5300 Disease denotes Social cognition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010244
T48 5382-5385 Disease denotes PBC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005388
T49 6316-6324 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T50 7310-7326 Disease denotes Social cognition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010244
T51 7388-7391 Disease denotes PBC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005388
T52 8287-8295 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T53 8316-8324 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T54 10747-10763 Disease denotes social cognition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010244
T55 11274-11290 Disease denotes social cognition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010244
T56 12258-12260 Disease denotes R2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019903
T57 13073-13075 Disease denotes R2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019903
T58 13587-13589 Disease denotes R2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019903
T59 14434-14436 Disease denotes R2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019903

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T57 75-81 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T58 108-114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T59 240-242 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T60 650-651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T61 1113-1114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 1721-1725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes at 1
T63 1946-1947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T64 1949-1955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes Female
T65 2005-2009 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes Male
T66 2005-2009 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes Male
T67 2023-2026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054057 denotes 181
T68 2154-2155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T69 2427-2429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T70 2574-2576 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T71 2584-2586 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T72 2822-2824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T73 2943-2945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T74 3063-3065 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T75 3149-3155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008149 denotes n (%)e
T76 3316-3318 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T77 3574-3576 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T78 3668-3670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T79 3731-3733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T80 3751-3753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T81 3828-3830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T82 4045-4047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T83 4158-4161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054061 denotes 132
T84 4251-4253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T85 4992-4993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T86 5222-5223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87 5518-5519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T88 5793-5794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T89 5857-5860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001755 denotes ask
T90 6121-6133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T91 6219-6220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92 6232-6235 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 3–6
T93 6443-6444 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T94 6452-6455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 3–6
T95 6456-6458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003401 denotes ft
T96 6741-6742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T97 6969-6974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T98 7306-7307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T99 7806-7807 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T100 8298-8303 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T101 8933-8934 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T102 8998-9000 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T103 9712-9718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T104 9968-9971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T105 10377-10378 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T106 10385-10392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T107 10539-10540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T108 10815-10816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T109 11017-11018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T110 11115-11116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T111 11750-11755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T112 12479-12480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T113 13358-13359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T114 13409-13410 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T115 14266-14270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T116 14317-14318 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T117 14509-14511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T118 14650-14656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T119 14727-14733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415 denotes tailed
T120 14747-14752 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T121 14762-14768 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T122 14829-14830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T123 15092-15093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T124 15137-15138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T125 15160-15167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T126 15374-15375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T6 277-283 Chemical denotes formal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48341
T7 1869-1871 Chemical denotes SD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74807
T8 4417-4419 Chemical denotes SD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74807
T9 9080-9086 Chemical denotes formal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48341
T10 13138-13141 Chemical denotes SSR http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73280
T11 13498-13501 Chemical denotes SSR http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73280
T12 13646-13649 Chemical denotes SSR http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73280
T13 13882-13891 Chemical denotes indicator http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47867
T14 14672-14677 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T15 15094-15100 Chemical denotes formal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48341

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
63 8-20 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
70 209-221 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
71 309-321 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
72 596-608 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
73 844-856 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
74 1127-1139 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
75 299-307 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
79 1822-1834 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
80 2059-2072 Species denotes Not specified Tax:32644
81 4206-4213 Disease denotes diploma
84 4445-4457 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
85 4520-4532 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
87 4587-4599 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
89 4665-4677 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
91 4740-4752 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
94 4816-4828 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
95 4891-4903 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
106 5459-5471 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
107 5705-5717 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
108 6069-6075 Species denotes people Tax:9606
109 6262-6268 Species denotes people Tax:9606
110 6480-6486 Species denotes people Tax:9606
111 6506-6518 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
112 6719-6731 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
113 6969-6974 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
114 6302-6310 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
115 6316-6324 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
117 7160-7172 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
119 7590-7602 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
121 7699-7711 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
126 8174-8186 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
127 8287-8297 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
128 8368-8380 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
129 8316-8324 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
133 8655-8667 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
134 9213-9220 Disease denotes diploma
135 9240-9247 Disease denotes diploma
137 10505-10520 Gene denotes Model 1; Fig. 1 Gene:259307
139 11395-11411 Disease denotes oblique rotation MESH:D009069
144 14794-14806 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
145 14983-14995 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
146 15226-15238 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
147 15335-15347 Species denotes participants Tax:9606

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T95 5063-5072 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050890 denotes cognition
T96 5158-5166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T97 5291-5300 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050890 denotes cognition
T98 5341-5349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T99 5554-5562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T100 5820-5828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T101 6406-6414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T102 6617-6625 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T103 7317-7326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050890 denotes cognition
T104 7555-7563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T105 7759-7767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T106 8080-8088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T107 8152-8160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T108 8165-8173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T109 8242-8250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T110 8428-8436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T111 10595-10603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T112 10754-10763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050890 denotes cognition
T113 11281-11290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050890 denotes cognition
T114 15290-15298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T90 0-6 Sentence denotes Method
T91 8-36 Sentence denotes Participants and Recruitment
T92 37-178 Sentence denotes Samples of Australian (N = 495, 50.1% female) and U.S. (N = 701, 48.9% female) residents were recruited via an online research panel company.
T93 179-308 Sentence denotes To be eligible for inclusion, participants needed to be aged 18 years or older and not subject to formal quarantine for COVID-19.
T94 309-538 Sentence denotes Participants were also screened for age, gender, and geographical region and quotas imposed during recruitment to ensure that the final samples closely matched the national distributions for these characteristics in each country.
T95 539-591 Sentence denotes Data were collected between April 1 and May 6, 2020.
T96 592-719 Sentence denotes All participants in the Australian sample were subject to a national “shelter-in-place” order issued by the federal government.
T97 720-822 Sentence denotes However, issuance of orders in the USA was devolved to state governments resulting in some variations.
T98 823-965 Sentence denotes The vast majority of participants in the U.S. sample (n = 610, 87.0%) were subject to “shelter-in-place” orders for the duration of the study.
T99 966-1205 Sentence denotes However, some states did not impose “shelter-in-place” orders at all (Arkansas, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming), so a minority of participants in the U.S. sample (n = 37, 5.3%) were never subject to an order.
T100 1206-1345 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in some cases in the U.S. sample (n = 47, 6.7%), “shelter-in-place” orders had been lifted prior to follow-up data collection.
T101 1346-1566 Sentence denotes However, among the states in the USA that did not have “shelter-in-place” orders, or lifted their orders during the study, all issued social distancing guidelines and encouraged the population to follow those guidelines.
T102 1567-1624 Sentence denotes Baseline sample characteristics are presented in Table 1.
T103 1625-1633 Sentence denotes Table 1.
T104 1635-1740 Sentence denotes Sample characteristics and descriptive statistics for study variables at baseline and at 1 week follow-up
T105 1741-1780 Sentence denotes Variable Australia sample U.S. sample
T106 1781-1821 Sentence denotes Baseline Follow-up Baseline Follow-up
T107 1822-1854 Sentence denotes Participants 495 365 701 440
T108 1855-1932 Sentence denotes Age, M years (SD) 47.09 (17.11) 49.78 (16.89) 45.55 (17.40) 51.77 (16.26)
T109 1933-1947 Sentence denotes Gender, n (%)a
T110 1948-2003 Sentence denotes  Female 252 (51.1) 182 (50.1) 352 (48.9) 205 (46.6)
T111 2004-2057 Sentence denotes  Male 241 (48.9) 181 (49.9) 341 (50.5) 231 (52.5)
T112 2058-2129 Sentence denotes  Not specified/prefer not to answer 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (0.6) 4 (0.9)
T113 2130-2155 Sentence denotes Employment status, n (%)b
T114 2156-2245 Sentence denotes  Currently unemployed/full-time caregiver 231 (46.7) 180 (49.3) 330 (47.3) 216 (49.5)
T115 2246-2317 Sentence denotes  Part-time/casual employed 97 (19.6) 65 (17.8) 106 (15.2) 60 (13.8)
T116 2318-2395 Sentence denotes  Currently employed full time 140 (28.3) 104 (28.5) 233 (33.4) 147 (33.7)
T117 2396-2465 Sentence denotes  Leave without pay/furloughed 27 (5.5) 16 (4.4) 28 (4.0) 13 (3.0)
T118 2466-2488 Sentence denotes Marital status, n (%)c
T119 2489-2545 Sentence denotes  Married 184 (37.2) 146 (40.0) 300 (43.0) 224 (51.4)
T120 2546-2592 Sentence denotes  Widowed 8 (1.6) 7 (1.9) 22 (3.2) 18 (4.1)
T121 2593-2655 Sentence denotes  Separated/divorced 53 (10.7) 39 (10.7) 69 (9.9) 47 (10.8)
T122 2656-2717 Sentence denotes  Never married 160 (32.3) 103 (28.2) 255 (36.6) 126(28.9)
T123 2718-2777 Sentence denotes  Married de facto 90 (18.2) 70 (19.2) 51 (7.3) 21 (4.8)
T124 2778-2795 Sentence denotes Ethnicity, n (%)d
T125 2796-2840 Sentence denotes  Black 3 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 52 (7.5) 26 (6.0)
T126 2841-2905 Sentence denotes  Caucasian/White 392 (79.2) 304 (83.3) 566 (81.2) 376 (86.2)
T127 2906-2983 Sentence denotes  Asian (South-East Asia/South Asia) 71 (14.3) 43 (11.8) 39 (5.6) 24 (5.5)
T128 2984-3035 Sentence denotes  Middle-Eastern 6 (1.2) 3 (0.8) 1 (0.1) 0 (0.0)
T129 3036-3080 Sentence denotes  Other 13 (2.6) 6 (1.6) 27 (3.9) 8 (1.8)
T130 3081-3140 Sentence denotes  Prefer not to answer 10 (2.0) 8 (2.2) 12 (1.7) 2 (0.5)
T131 3141-3155 Sentence denotes Income, n (%)e
T132 3156-3206 Sentence denotes  Zero income 8 (1.7) 4 (1.2) 31 (4.4) 19 (4.4)
T133 3207-3266 Sentence denotes  $1–$199 ($1–$10,399) 9 (2.0) 6 (1.8) 40 (5.7) 24 (5.5)
T134 3267-3334 Sentence denotes  $200–$299 ($10,400–$15,599) 12 (2.6) 8 (2.4) 34 (4.9) 23 (5.3)
T135 3335-3403 Sentence denotes  $300–$399 ($15,600–$20,799) 19 (4.1) 12 (3.6) 38 (5.5) 23 (5.3)
T136 3404-3472 Sentence denotes  $400–$599 ($20,800–$31,199) 42 (9.2) 33 (9.9) 62 (8.9) 33 (7.6)
T137 3473-3543 Sentence denotes  $600–$799 ($31,200–$41,599) 57 (12.4) 42 (12.6) 61 (8.8) 39 (8.9)
T138 3544-3613 Sentence denotes  $800–$999 ($41,600–$51,999) 45 (9.8) 31 (9.3) 68 (9.8) 46 (10.6)
T139 3614-3686 Sentence denotes  $1,000–$1,249 ($52,000–$64,999) 39 (8.5) 32 (9.6) 48 (6.9) 38 (8.7)
T140 3687-3759 Sentence denotes  $1,250–$1,499 ($65,000–$77,999) 28 (6.1) 22 (6.6) 59 (8.5) 41 (9.4)
T141 3760-3837 Sentence denotes  $1,500–$1,999 ($78,000–$103,999) 72 (15.7) 50 (15.0) 72 (10.3) 48 (11.0)
T142 3838-3917 Sentence denotes  $2,000 or more ($104,000 or more) 81 (17.6) 62 (18.6) 108 (15.5) 74 (17.0)
T143 3918-3981 Sentence denotes  Prefer not to answer 47 (10.2) 32 (9.6) 76 (10.9) 28 (6.4)
T144 3982-4004 Sentence denotes Education level, n (%)
T145 4005-4081 Sentence denotes  Completed junior/lower/primary school 18 (3.6) 17 (4.7) 6 (0.9) 0 (0.0)
T146 4082-4168 Sentence denotes  Completed senior/high/secondary school 133 (26.9) 98 (26.8) 265 (37.8) 132 (30.0)
T147 4169-4260 Sentence denotes  Postschool vocational qualification/diploma 147 (29.7) 111 (30.4) 138 (19.7) 94 (21.4)
T148 4261-4340 Sentence denotes  Undergraduate university degree 131 (26.5) 93 (25.5) 214 (30.5) 159 (36.1)
T149 4341-4416 Sentence denotes  Postgraduate university degree 66 (13.3) 46 (12.6) 78 (11.1) 55 (12.5)
T150 4417-4439 Sentence denotes SD standard deviation.
T151 4440-4580 Sentence denotes aTwo participants in the Australian sample did not report their gender and four participants in the U.S. sample did not report their gender.
T152 4581-4658 Sentence denotes bFour participants in the U.S. sample did not report their employment status.
T153 4659-4733 Sentence denotes cFour participants in the U.S. sample did not report their marital status.
T154 4734-4803 Sentence denotes dFour participants in the U.S. sample did not report their ethnicity.
T155 4804-4951 Sentence denotes eThirty-one participants in the Australian sample did not report their income and four participants in the U.S. sample did not report their income.
T156 4953-4973 Sentence denotes Design and Procedure
T157 4974-5283 Sentence denotes The study adopted a prospective correlational design with self-report measures of social cognition constructs from the proposed integrated model, intention, and past social distancing behavior administered at an initial data collection occasion in a survey administered using the Qualtrics online survey tool.
T158 5284-5458 Sentence denotes Social cognition measures included the theory of planned behavior (attitude, subjective norm, and PBC), moral norm, anticipated regret, action planning, and habit constructs.
T159 5459-5622 Sentence denotes Participants were informed that they were participating in a survey on their social distancing behavior and provided with information outlining study requirements.
T160 5623-5704 Sentence denotes They were required to provide informed consent before proceeding with the survey.
T161 5705-5920 Sentence denotes Participants were also provided with instructions on how to complete study measures and a definition of the target behavior: “The following survey will ask about your beliefs and attitudes about ‘social distancing’.
T162 5921-5958 Sentence denotes What do we mean by social distancing?
T163 5959-6103 Sentence denotes Social distancing (also known as ‘physical distancing’) is deliberately increasing the physical space between people to avoid spreading illness.
T164 6104-6325 Sentence denotes The World Health Organization and other world leading health authorities suggest that you should maintain at least a 1–2 meter (3–6 feet) distance from other people to lessen the chances of getting infected with COVID-19.
T165 6326-6718 Sentence denotes When answering the questions in this survey, think about your social distancing behavior (i.e., maintaining at least a 1–2 m (3–6 ft) distance from other people).” One week later, participants were re-contacted by the panel company and asked to self-report their habit and social distancing behavior over the previous week using the same measures used at the initial data collection occasion.
T166 6719-6872 Sentence denotes Participants received a fixed sum of money for their participation based on expected completion time consistent with the panel company’s published rates.
T167 6873-7001 Sentence denotes Approval for study procedures was granted prior to data collection from the Griffith University Human Research Ethics Committee.
T168 7003-7011 Sentence denotes Measures
T169 7012-7159 Sentence denotes Study measures were multi-item self-report measures of constructs based on published guidelines and measures used in previous studies [13, 29, 30].
T170 7160-7242 Sentence denotes Participants provided their responses on scales with seven-point response options.
T171 7243-7308 Sentence denotes Complete study measures are provided in Supplementary Appendix A.
T172 7310-7337 Sentence denotes Social cognition constructs
T173 7338-7503 Sentence denotes Multi-item measures of attitude, subjective norm, PBC, moral norm, anticipated regret, and action planning were developed according to published guidelines [13, 29].
T174 7504-7687 Sentence denotes Each measure made explicit reference to the target behavior of social distancing, and participants were reminded of the definition of social distancing before completing the measures.
T175 7689-7698 Sentence denotes Intention
T176 7699-7863 Sentence denotes Participants’ intention to participate in social distancing behavior over the next week was measured using a scale developed according to published guidelines [31].
T177 7865-7870 Sentence denotes Habit
T178 7871-8006 Sentence denotes Habit was measured at both time points using the behavioral automaticity items of Verplanken and Orbell’s self-report habit index [25].
T179 8007-8145 Sentence denotes The measure measures individuals’ reflections on the extent to which the behavior is experienced as automatic and enacted without thought.
T180 8147-8173 Sentence denotes Past behavior and behavior
T181 8174-8325 Sentence denotes Participants self-reported their participation in social distancing behavior to minimize the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19.
T182 8326-8458 Sentence denotes The measure comprised two items prompting participants to report their frequency of social distancing behavior in the previous week.
T183 8459-8631 Sentence denotes This is based on previously used self-report behavioral measures that have demonstrated concurrent validity with non-self-report measures in other behavioral contexts [32].
T184 8633-8654 Sentence denotes Demographic variables
T185 8655-9383 Sentence denotes Participants self-reported their age in years, gender, employment status (currently unemployed/full-time caregiver, currently full-time employed, part-time employed, or on leave without pay/furloughed), marital status (married, widowed, separated/divorced, never married, or in a de factor relationship), annual household income stratified by 11 income levels based on Australian and U.S. national averages, highest level of formal education (completed junior/lower/primary school, completed senior/high/secondary school, postschool vocational qualification/diploma, further education diploma, undergraduate university degree, or postgraduate university degree), and ethnicity (Black, Caucasian/White, Asian, or Middle-eastern).
T186 9384-9630 Sentence denotes Binary income (low income vs. middle/high income), highest education level (completed school education only vs. completed postschool education), and ethnicity (Caucasian/White vs. non-White) variables were computed for use in subsequent analyses.
T187 9632-9645 Sentence denotes Data Analysis
T188 9646-9865 Sentence denotes Hypothesized relations among the integrated model constructs were tested in the Australian and U.S. samples separately using variance-based structural equation modeling implemented in the WARP 7.0 analysis package [33].
T189 9866-10144 Sentence denotes Model parameters and standard errors (SEs) were computed using the “Stable3” estimation method, which has been shown to provide the most precise parameter estimates in complex structural models in smaller samples and outperforms bootstrapping methods in simulation studies [33].
T190 10145-10334 Sentence denotes Simulation studies have also shown this method to provide more consistent and precise estimates in data containing outliers, which may inflate SEs and lead to abnormally high p-values [33].
T191 10335-10635 Sentence denotes Two models were estimated in each sample: a model testing predictions of the proposed integrated model with the binary demographic variables also included as covariates (Model 1; Fig. 1, upper panel) and a model that included effects of past social distancing behavior (Model 2; Fig. 1, lower panel).
T192 10636-10711 Sentence denotes All constructs were latent variables indicated by single or multiple items.
T193 10712-10803 Sentence denotes There were no missing data for the social cognition and self-reported behavioral variables.
T194 10804-10964 Sentence denotes There were a few instances of missing data for the demographic variables ranging from 0.5% to 8.8% in the Australia sample, and 0.9% to 6.4% in the U.S. sample.
T195 10965-11019 Sentence denotes Missing data are reported in Supplementary Appendix B.
T196 11020-11092 Sentence denotes Missing data were imputed using stochastic hierarchical regression [33].
T197 11093-11224 Sentence denotes The analysis afforded a number of analyses to evaluate the adequacy of measures used to indicate the latent variables in the model.
T198 11225-11544 Sentence denotes Construct validity of the latent factors for the social cognition, intention, and behavioral variables was established using the normalized factor pattern loadings after oblique rotation and Kaiser normalization [33] and the average variance extracted (AVE), which should approach or exceed .700 and .500, respectively.
T199 11545-11731 Sentence denotes Internal consistency of the factors was estimated using omega reliability coefficients (ω) and composite reliability coefficients (ρ), which should exceed .700 and ideally approach .900.
T200 11732-11816 Sentence denotes We also conducted tests of the discriminant validity of the constructs in the model.
T201 11817-11963 Sentence denotes Discriminant validity was supported when the square root of the AVE for each latent variable exceeded its correlation with other latent variables.
T202 11964-12163 Sentence denotes Adequacy of the proposed model in describing the data was established using the goodness-of-fit (GoF) index with values of .100, .250, and .360 corresponding to small, medium, and large effect sizes.
T203 12164-12273 Sentence denotes Further information on model quality was provided by the average path coefficient and average R2 coefficient.
T204 12274-12500 Sentence denotes These indices summarize the average parameter estimates of relations in the model and the amount of variance explained in each dependent variable, respectively, and should be statistically significant for a good-quality model.
T205 12501-12743 Sentence denotes In addition, an overall GoF index is provided by the average block variance inflation factor for model parameters and the average full collinearity variance inflation factor, which should be equal to or lower than 3.3 for well-fitting models.
T206 12744-12867 Sentence denotes These indices indicate the extent to which latent variables in the model overlap and contribute to model multicollinearity.
T207 12868-12974 Sentence denotes They, therefore, provide an indication as to the uniqueness of the existing latent variables in the model.
T208 12975-13207 Sentence denotes Four further indices were also used to evaluate model quality: the Simpson’s paradox ratio (SPR), R2 contribution ratio (R2CR), the statistical suppression ratio (SSR), and the nonlinear bivariate causality direction ratio (NLBCDR).
T209 13208-13429 Sentence denotes The SPR indicates whether the model is free from incidences of Simpson’s paradox (i.e., when the path coefficient and the correlation associated with a latent variable have opposite signs), indicating a causality problem.
T210 13430-13484 Sentence denotes The SPR should exceed .700 and ideally approach 1.000.
T211 13485-13632 Sentence denotes The R2CR and SSR provide indication of the extent to which models are free from instances of negative R2 contributions and statistical suppression.
T212 13633-13692 Sentence denotes The R2CR and SSR should exceed .900 and .700, respectively.
T213 13693-14029 Sentence denotes The NLBCDR provides an estimate of the extent to which the proposed “causal” associations in the proposed model are more tenable than those in the opposite direction and provide an initial indicator of support for the hypothesized directions of the causal links in the proposed model compared to if the proposed direction were reversed.
T214 14030-14084 Sentence denotes The NLBCDR should exceed .700 for high-quality models.
T215 14085-14163 Sentence denotes Kock [33] provides further technical details on model fit and quality indices.
T216 14164-14282 Sentence denotes Model effects were estimated using standardized path coefficients with confidence intervals (CIs) and test statistics.
T217 14283-14483 Sentence denotes Effect sizes were estimated using a variant of Cohen’s f-square coefficient and represent the individual contribution of the predictor variable to the R2 coefficients of the criterion latent variable.
T218 14484-14574 Sentence denotes Values of .02, .15, and .35 represent small, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively.
T219 14575-14753 Sentence denotes Differences in the path coefficients in the models across the samples were tested using multiple-group analysis using the Satterthwaite method with two-tailed significance tests.
T220 14754-14961 Sentence denotes We also tested whether the inclusion of participants that were never under a “shelter-in-place” order, or had the “shelter-in-place” order lifted during the study, affected predicted relations in the models.
T221 14962-15253 Sentence denotes The small numbers of participants that were, at some point, not subjected to “shelter-in-place” orders meant we could not conduct a formal moderator analysis, so we conducted a sensitivity analysis testing whether effects in the models differed if data from these participants were excluded.
T222 15254-15516 Sentence denotes Models excluding and including past behavior were estimated in samples excluding participants who were never subject to a “shelter-in place” order, and in the sample that were never subject to an order, or who had the order lifted at some stage during the study.
T223 15517-15648 Sentence denotes Formal comparisons of parameter estimates in these models with those from the full sample were made using the Satterthwaite method.
T224 15649-15757 Sentence denotes Data files, analysis scripts, and output files for all analyses are available online: https://osf.io/x9tms/.

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32914831-14715114-2620056 7151-7153 14715114 denotes 29
32914831-22935297-2620057 7155-7157 22935297 denotes 30
32914831-14715114-2620058 7499-7501 14715114 denotes 29