PMC:7534795 / 64424-65935 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":114,"end":123},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":125,"end":135},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T261","span":{"begin":532,"end":545},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":532,"end":536},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":846,"end":855},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1042},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":1065,"end":1076},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1147},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T267","span":{"begin":1209,"end":1214},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":1261,"end":1268},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1294},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T270","span":{"begin":1319,"end":1330},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T271","span":{"begin":1338,"end":1348},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A259","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T259","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A260","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma241981"},{"id":"A261","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T261","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841"},{"id":"A262","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T262","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A263","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T263","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma241981"},{"id":"A264","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T264","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61788"},{"id":"A265","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T265","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A266","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T266","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82738"},{"id":"A267","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T267","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A268","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T268","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A269","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T269","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66595"},{"id":"A270","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T270","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860"},{"id":"A271","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T271","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63845"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T434","span":{"begin":1487,"end":1492},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A434","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T434","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T383","span":{"begin":0,"end":1},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T384","span":{"begin":61,"end":62},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T385","span":{"begin":189,"end":197},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T386","span":{"begin":252,"end":260},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T387","span":{"begin":306,"end":316},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T388","span":{"begin":324,"end":330},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001869"},{"id":"T389","span":{"begin":472,"end":474},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627"},{"id":"T390","span":{"begin":532,"end":536},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T391","span":{"begin":537,"end":545},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T392","span":{"begin":581,"end":590},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T393","span":{"begin":718,"end":723},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037161"},{"id":"T394","span":{"begin":819,"end":821},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627"},{"id":"T395","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1059},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000030035"},{"id":"T396","span":{"begin":1097,"end":1099},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007408"},{"id":"T397","span":{"begin":1152,"end":1153},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T398","span":{"begin":1197,"end":1206},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T399","span":{"begin":1207,"end":1214},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236"},{"id":"T400","span":{"begin":1292,"end":1294},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001562"},{"id":"T401","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1371},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}

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I_140399"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":160,"end":197},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900226"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":168,"end":197},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044546"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":216,"end":237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000981"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":216,"end":229},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":489,"end":510},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":581,"end":590},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":890,"end":900},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045158"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":890,"end":900},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045157"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":890,"end":900},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045156"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":890,"end":900},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008121"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":1338,"end":1361},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016559"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1501},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1501},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1501},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1501},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T480","span":{"begin":512,"end":818},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T481","span":{"begin":819,"end":1511},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":1487,"end":1492},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A205","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T205","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1931","span":{"begin":168,"end":173},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1932","span":{"begin":239,"end":244},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1933","span":{"begin":261,"end":267},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1934","span":{"begin":292,"end":296},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1935","span":{"begin":320,"end":325},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1936","span":{"begin":885,"end":888},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1937","span":{"begin":890,"end":905},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1938","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1031},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1939","span":{"begin":1114,"end":1118},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1940","span":{"begin":1216,"end":1221},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1941","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1270},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1942","span":{"begin":1272,"end":1276},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1943","span":{"begin":1278,"end":1294},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1944","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1336},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1945","span":{"begin":1480,"end":1485},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1946","span":{"begin":1487,"end":1510},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1947","span":{"begin":516,"end":520},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1948","span":{"begin":639,"end":642},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1949","span":{"begin":431,"end":433},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1950","span":{"begin":596,"end":605},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1951","span":{"begin":607,"end":610},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1952","span":{"begin":615,"end":618},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1953","span":{"begin":722,"end":731},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1931","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1931","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A1932","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1932","obj":"Gene:5465"},{"id":"A1933","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1933","obj":"Gene:338557"},{"id":"A1934","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1934","obj":"Gene:7099"},{"id":"A1935","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1935","obj":"Gene:4790"},{"id":"A1936","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1936","obj":"Gene:4051"},{"id":"A1937","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1937","obj":"Gene:4051"},{"id":"A1938","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1938","obj":"Gene:2922"},{"id":"A1939","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1939","obj":"Gene:9933"},{"id":"A1940","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1940","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A1941","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1941","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A1942","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1942","obj":"Gene:5320"},{"id":"A1943","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1943","obj":"Gene:5319"},{"id":"A1944","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1944","obj":"Gene:5465"},{"id":"A1945","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1945","obj":"Gene:7124"},{"id":"A1946","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1946","obj":"Gene:7124"},{"id":"A1947","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1947","obj":"Gene:9933"},{"id":"A1948","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1948","obj":"Gene:4051"},{"id":"A1949","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1949","obj":"MESH:D009584"},{"id":"A1950","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1950","obj":"MESH:D015525"},{"id":"A1951","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1951","obj":"MESH:D004281"},{"id":"A1952","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1952","obj":"MESH:D015118"},{"id":"A1953","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1953","obj":"MESH:D015525"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"A summary of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs. (A) N-3 PUFAs can regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasomes, activate anti-inflammatory transcription factors (PPARα/γ) and activate GPR120 receptors which inhibit TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB. (B) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/5-LOX into 5-series LTs which exert anti-inflammatory effects. (C) N-3 PUFAs can replace n-6 PUFAs, such as AA, altering the inflammatory response. N-3 PUFA will alter cell membrane composition, fluidity and mediated signaling. (D) N-3 PUFAs, DHA and EPA, are metabolized by CYP epoxygenases into bioactive epoxylipids with anti-inflammatory properties. (E) N-3 PUFAs are metabolized by COX/LOX into SPMs which act as potent anti-inflammatory modulators. AA, Arachidonic acid; CCL, Chemokine ligand; COX, Cyclooxygenase; CYP, Cytochrome P450; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EDP, Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid; EEQ, Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; GRP, G-protein coupled receptor; IL, Interleukin; LOX, Lipoxygenase; LT, Leukotriene; PUFA, Poly unsaturated fatty acid; NFκB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer activated B-cells; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; PLA2, Phospholipase A2; PMN, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SPMs, Specialized pro-resolving mediators; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α."}