PMC:7455777 / 5088-6087 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":63,"end":66},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":217,"end":237},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":227,"end":237},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":266,"end":273},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":302,"end":320},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":315,"end":320},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":364,"end":369},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":371,"end":381},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":376,"end":381},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":396,"end":405},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":502,"end":506},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":507,"end":514},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":542,"end":560},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":555,"end":560},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":684,"end":691},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":810,"end":825},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":968,"end":972},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":976,"end":998},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A37","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T37","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675"},{"id":"A38","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T38","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64803"},{"id":"A39","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T39","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9639"},{"id":"A40","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T40","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A41","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T41","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54536"},{"id":"A42","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A43","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A44","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63368"},{"id":"A45","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A46","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63174"},{"id":"A47","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62004"},{"id":"A48","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54527"},{"id":"A49","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54536"},{"id":"A50","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A51","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54527"},{"id":"A52","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma77624"},{"id":"A53","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A54","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71132"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":63,"end":66},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":217,"end":237},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":227,"end":237},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":810,"end":825},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":968,"end":972},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A26","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"A27","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001997"},{"id":"A28","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483"},{"id":"A29","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T29","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002264"},{"id":"A30","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T30","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":27,"end":35},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":158,"end":166},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":194,"end":209},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":200,"end":209},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":447,"end":455},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":458,"end":467},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":529,"end":538},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A49","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A50","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A51","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108"},{"id":"A52","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A53","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A54","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A55","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":63,"end":66},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":63,"end":66},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":63,"end":66},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":227,"end":237},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":260,"end":273},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000029067"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":315,"end":320},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":345,"end":355},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":356,"end":369},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000630"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":371,"end":381},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000034"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":555,"end":560},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":723,"end":730},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":778,"end":783},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":952,"end":958},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001021"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":968,"end":972},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":968,"end":972},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":976,"end":998},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005409"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":266,"end":273},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":281,"end":284},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16541"},{"id":"A8","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29031"},{"id":"A9","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53393"},{"id":"A10","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61431"},{"id":"A11","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64342"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":194,"end":209},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":625,"end":647},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":0,"end":97},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":98,"end":238},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":239,"end":520},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":521,"end":731},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":732,"end":851},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":852,"end":999},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":27,"end":37},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":63,"end":66},"obj":"UBERON:0001017"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":71,"end":79},"obj":"CL:0000540"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":98,"end":107},"obj":"GO:0007608"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":158,"end":166},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":194,"end":199},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":217,"end":226},"obj":"GO:0007608;UBERON:0001997"},{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":227,"end":237},"obj":"UBERON:0001997"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":260,"end":265},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":306,"end":314},"obj":"CL:0000540"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":335,"end":344},"obj":"GO:0007608;UBERON:0001997;CL:0000853"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":345,"end":355},"obj":"UBERON:0001997;CL:0000853"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":356,"end":369},"obj":"CL:0000853"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":371,"end":381},"obj":"CL:0000034"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":396,"end":405},"obj":"CL:0000669"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":412,"end":419},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":420,"end":424},"obj":"G_3;PG_10;PR:000003622"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":447,"end":451},"obj":"PR:000014459;SP_7"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":451,"end":457},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":481,"end":490},"obj":"GO:0007608;CL:0000207"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":491,"end":498},"obj":"CL:0000207"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":507,"end":514},"obj":"CL:0000540"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":546,"end":554},"obj":"CL:0000540"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":577,"end":586},"obj":"GO:0007608"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":674,"end":683},"obj":"CL:0000207;GO:0007608"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":684,"end":691},"obj":"CL:0000540"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":713,"end":722},"obj":"GO:0007608"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":778,"end":783},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":810,"end":819},"obj":"GO:0007608;UBERON:0002264"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":820,"end":825},"obj":"UBERON:0002264"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":925,"end":933},"obj":"CL:0000540"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":952,"end":958},"obj":"UBERON:0001021"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":968,"end":972},"obj":"UBERON:0002048"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":976,"end":998},"obj":"UBERON:0001555"},{"id":"T3336","span":{"begin":9,"end":14},"obj":"UBERON:0002264"},{"id":"T73156","span":{"begin":114,"end":122},"obj":"CL:0000540"},{"id":"T3243","span":{"begin":141,"end":147},"obj":"UBERON:0001021"},{"id":"T75854","span":{"begin":157,"end":161},"obj":"UBERON:0002048"},{"id":"T6635","span":{"begin":165,"end":187},"obj":"UBERON:0001555"},{"id":"T14312","span":{"begin":295,"end":305},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T99229","span":{"begin":309,"end":327},"obj":"UBERON:0001359"},{"id":"T42859","span":{"begin":329,"end":332},"obj":"UBERON:0001359"},{"id":"T13748","span":{"begin":392,"end":402},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T39664","span":{"begin":448,"end":453},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T42828","span":{"begin":463,"end":471},"obj":"UBERON:0010743"},{"id":"T68773","span":{"begin":476,"end":484},"obj":"UBERON:0001893"},{"id":"T45301","span":{"begin":485,"end":502},"obj":"UBERON:0002049"},{"id":"T83636","span":{"begin":543,"end":549},"obj":"UBERON:0000479"},{"id":"T99415","span":{"begin":550,"end":560},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T23142","span":{"begin":583,"end":586},"obj":"UBERON:0001017;CL:0000117"},{"id":"T30604","span":{"begin":587,"end":592},"obj":"CL:0000117"},{"id":"T33002","span":{"begin":593,"end":600},"obj":"GO:0010467"},{"id":"T71452","span":{"begin":622,"end":629},"obj":"G_2;PR:000016456"},{"id":"T72350","span":{"begin":653,"end":663},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T58064","span":{"begin":673,"end":683},"obj":"GO:0035376"},{"id":"T59513","span":{"begin":750,"end":760},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T24395","span":{"begin":776,"end":781},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T42636","span":{"begin":790,"end":811},"obj":"CL:0002248"},{"id":"T43328","span":{"begin":870,"end":881},"obj":"GO:0006260"},{"id":"T26162","span":{"begin":901,"end":912},"obj":"UBERON:0000955"},{"id":"T14083","span":{"begin":924,"end":931},"obj":"G_2;PR:000016456"},{"id":"T31777","span":{"begin":932,"end":936},"obj":"SO:0000704;GO:0010467"},{"id":"T53408","span":{"begin":937,"end":947},"obj":"GO:0010467"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"146","span":{"begin":420,"end":424},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"147","span":{"begin":27,"end":37},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"148","span":{"begin":260,"end":265},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"149","span":{"begin":98,"end":119},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"150","span":{"begin":158,"end":166},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"151","span":{"begin":194,"end":209},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"152","span":{"begin":281,"end":284},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"153","span":{"begin":447,"end":467},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"154","span":{"begin":521,"end":538},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"155","span":{"begin":577,"end":598},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A146","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"146","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A147","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"147","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A148","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"148","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A149","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"149","obj":"MESH:D000857"},{"id":"A150","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"150","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A151","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"151","obj":"MESH:D001102"},{"id":"A152","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"152","obj":"MESH:D010661"},{"id":"A153","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"153","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A154","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"154","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A155","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"155","obj":"MESH:D000857"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to penetrate the CNS via neuronal retrograde route. Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in COVID-19, which is often related to viral infection of the olfactory epithelium. But according to the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, it is non-neuronal cells (for example, olfactory epithelial support cells, stem cells, and vascular pericytes) that express ACE2 and are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than olfactory sensory or bulb neurons [12]. Primary infection of non-neuronal cells possibly causes olfactory dysfunction by leading to significant inflammatory responses, altering the function of olfactory neurons, and influencing the olfactory signals. Besides, no specific changes referable to the virus have been observed in the olfactory bulbs or tracts at autopsy [6]. Thus, further studies may be needed to determine whether there are other neuronal pathways, such as nerves from the lung or gastrointestinal tract."}