PMC:7441788 / 34098-35313 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":70,"end":78},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":303,"end":311},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1036},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":1206,"end":1214},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A132","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T132","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A133","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T133","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A134","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T134","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A135","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T135","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A136","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T136","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":48,"end":49},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":826,"end":828},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037161"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T361","span":{"begin":21,"end":23},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T362","span":{"begin":205,"end":207},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T363","span":{"begin":363,"end":365},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T364","span":{"begin":370,"end":380},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T365","span":{"begin":382,"end":394},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T366","span":{"begin":398,"end":412},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T367","span":{"begin":504,"end":506},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T368","span":{"begin":826,"end":828},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T369","span":{"begin":895,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T370","span":{"begin":933,"end":935},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T371","span":{"begin":969,"end":979},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T372","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1168},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A361","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T361","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A362","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T362","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A363","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T363","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A364","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T364","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"},{"id":"A365","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T365","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955"},{"id":"A366","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T366","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3732"},{"id":"A367","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T367","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A368","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T368","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30347"},{"id":"A369","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T369","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A370","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T370","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A371","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T371","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"},{"id":"A372","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T372","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T200","span":{"begin":21,"end":23},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":205,"end":207},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":363,"end":365},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T203","span":{"begin":370,"end":380},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T204","span":{"begin":382,"end":394},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":398,"end":412},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T206","span":{"begin":504,"end":506},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":895,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T208","span":{"begin":933,"end":935},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T209","span":{"begin":969,"end":979},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A202","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T202","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A204","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T204","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955"},{"id":"A201","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T201","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A206","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T206","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A209","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T209","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"},{"id":"A208","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T208","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A207","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T207","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A200","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T200","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A205","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T205","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3732"},{"id":"A203","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T203","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon","denotations":[{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":70,"end":78},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":303,"end":311},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1036},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":1206,"end":1214},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A128","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T128","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A129","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T129","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A130","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T130","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A131","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T131","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A132","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T132","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"NCBItxid","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T233","span":{"begin":0,"end":321},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":322,"end":447},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":448,"end":638},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":639,"end":902},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":903,"end":1065},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1215},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator","denotations":[{"id":"1234","span":{"begin":79,"end":87},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1235","span":{"begin":132,"end":140},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1236","span":{"begin":312,"end":320},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1237","span":{"begin":21,"end":27},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1238","span":{"begin":205,"end":211},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1239","span":{"begin":356,"end":359},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1240","span":{"begin":363,"end":365},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1241","span":{"begin":370,"end":380},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1242","span":{"begin":382,"end":394},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1243","span":{"begin":398,"end":412},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1244","span":{"begin":504,"end":506},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1245","span":{"begin":507,"end":510},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1246","span":{"begin":895,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1247","span":{"begin":898,"end":901},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1248","span":{"begin":933,"end":939},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1249","span":{"begin":969,"end":979},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1250","span":{"begin":70,"end":78},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1251","span":{"begin":290,"end":299},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1252","span":{"begin":303,"end":311},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1253","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1254","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1036},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1255","span":{"begin":1206,"end":1214},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"689","span":{"begin":898,"end":901},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1243","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1243","obj":"MESH:D017291"},{"id":"A1253","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1253","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1244","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1244","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A1240","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1240","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A689","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"689","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A1241","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1241","obj":"MESH:D018942"},{"id":"A1251","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1251","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1235","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1235","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1254","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1254","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1234","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1234","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1249","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1249","obj":"MESH:D018942"},{"id":"A1242","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1242","obj":"MESH:D017963"},{"id":"A1246","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1246","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A1250","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1250","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1252","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1252","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1236","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1236","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1239","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1239","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A1247","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1247","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A1245","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1245","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A1255","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"1255","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO","denotations":[{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":252,"end":259},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":70,"end":78},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":303,"end":311},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1036},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":1206,"end":1214},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A125","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T125","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A126","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T126","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A127","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T127","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A128","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T128","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A129","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T129","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1234","span":{"begin":79,"end":87},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1235","span":{"begin":132,"end":140},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1236","span":{"begin":312,"end":320},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1237","span":{"begin":21,"end":27},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1238","span":{"begin":205,"end":211},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1239","span":{"begin":356,"end":359},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1240","span":{"begin":363,"end":365},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1241","span":{"begin":370,"end":380},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1242","span":{"begin":382,"end":394},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1243","span":{"begin":398,"end":412},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1244","span":{"begin":504,"end":506},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1245","span":{"begin":507,"end":510},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1246","span":{"begin":895,"end":897},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1247","span":{"begin":898,"end":901},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1248","span":{"begin":933,"end":939},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1249","span":{"begin":969,"end":979},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1250","span":{"begin":70,"end":78},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1251","span":{"begin":290,"end":299},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1252","span":{"begin":303,"end":311},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1253","span":{"begin":524,"end":532},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1254","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1036},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1255","span":{"begin":1206,"end":1214},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1234","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1234","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1235","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1235","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1236","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1236","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1239","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1239","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A1240","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1240","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A1241","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1241","obj":"MESH:D018942"},{"id":"A1242","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1242","obj":"MESH:D017963"},{"id":"A1243","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1243","obj":"MESH:D017291"},{"id":"A1244","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1244","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A1245","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1245","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A1246","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1246","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A1247","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1247","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A1249","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1249","obj":"MESH:D018942"},{"id":"A1250","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1250","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1251","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1251","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1252","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1252","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1253","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1253","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1254","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1254","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1255","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1255","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T233","span":{"begin":0,"end":321},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T234","span":{"begin":322,"end":447},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T235","span":{"begin":448,"end":638},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T236","span":{"begin":639,"end":902},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":903,"end":1065},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1215},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"In summary, although CQ/HCQ appeared to exhibit a favorable effect on COVID-19 patients in some initial studies of small numbers of patients, the most recent studies with larger sample sizes revealed that CQ/HCQ exhibited no significant improvement of disease but even an increased overall mortality in COVID-19 patients. The studies on the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) also showed conflicting findings. Therefore, caution should be taken regarding the use of CQ/HCQ treatment in COVID-19 due to the uncertainty of efficacy, the potential adverse effects and the various defects in the studies. According to the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), currently, there are more than 200 ongoing clinical trials for CQ/HCQ. Current findings suggest that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with macrolides should not be recommended for widespread use in COVID-19 (except in clinical trials). Results from these ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies are required before these drugs are recommended for the treatment of COVID-19."}