PMC:7441788 / 143-1685 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":239,"end":248},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":421,"end":429},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46831"},{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":0,"end":24},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":26,"end":34},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":47,"end":94},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":47,"end":80},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":96,"end":104},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":187,"end":195},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":335,"end":343},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":600,"end":608},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":713,"end":721},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":884,"end":892},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1145},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1232,"end":1240},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1347,"end":1355},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1430,"end":1438},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":467,"end":475},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":513,"end":521},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":576,"end":577},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":610,"end":611},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":833,"end":834},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1074},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":207,"end":212},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":250,"end":261},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":263,"end":265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":271,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":345,"end":347},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":670,"end":672},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":797,"end":799},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":835,"end":844},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1038},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1084},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1209,"end":1211},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1325},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1405,"end":1416},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1420,"end":1422},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A5","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A6","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A7","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A8","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801"},{"id":"A9","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A10","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A11","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A12","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"},{"id":"A13","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A14","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"},{"id":"A15","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A16","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A17","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232"},{"id":"A18","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-MedDRA","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":219,"end":232},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10062026"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":250,"end":261},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":263,"end":265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":271,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":345,"end":347},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":670,"end":672},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":797,"end":799},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":835,"end":844},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1038},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1084},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1209,"end":1211},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1325},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1420,"end":1422},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A5","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801"},{"id":"A8","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A3","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A13","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A6","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A11","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"},{"id":"A7","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A14","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A9","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106"},{"id":"A12","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A10","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A4","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":0,"end":24},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":26,"end":34},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":47,"end":94},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":96,"end":106},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":187,"end":195},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":335,"end":343},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":600,"end":608},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":713,"end":723},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":884,"end":892},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1145},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1232,"end":1240},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1347,"end":1355},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1430,"end":1438},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T7","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A13","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T13","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A9","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T9","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A4","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T4","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A5","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T5","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A14","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T14","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A3","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T3","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A11","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T11","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A6","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T6","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A10","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T10","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A12","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T12","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A2","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T2","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A8","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T8","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"NCBItxid","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":0,"end":132},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":133,"end":196},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":197,"end":344},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":345,"end":522},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":523,"end":609},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":610,"end":759},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":760,"end":985},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":986,"end":1146},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1147,"end":1250},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1251,"end":1542},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator","denotations":[{"id":"40","span":{"begin":797,"end":803},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"41","span":{"begin":47,"end":94},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"42","span":{"begin":96,"end":106},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"43","span":{"begin":398,"end":411},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"44","span":{"begin":688,"end":701},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"45","span":{"begin":713,"end":723},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"46","span":{"begin":1123,"end":1131},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"47","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1249},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"48","span":{"begin":250,"end":261},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"49","span":{"begin":263,"end":265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"50","span":{"begin":271,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"51","span":{"begin":291,"end":294},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"52","span":{"begin":670,"end":672},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"53","span":{"begin":673,"end":676},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"54","span":{"begin":835,"end":844},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"55","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1042},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"56","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1084},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"57","span":{"begin":1209,"end":1211},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"58","span":{"begin":1212,"end":1215},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"59","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1325},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"60","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1329},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"61","span":{"begin":1420,"end":1422},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"62","span":{"begin":1423,"end":1426},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"63","span":{"begin":0,"end":24},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"64","span":{"begin":26,"end":34},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"65","span":{"begin":187,"end":195},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"66","span":{"begin":335,"end":343},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"67","span":{"begin":600,"end":608},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"68","span":{"begin":884,"end":892},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"69","span":{"begin":924,"end":937},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"70","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1145},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"71","span":{"begin":1232,"end":1240},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"72","span":{"begin":1347,"end":1355},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"73","span":{"begin":1430,"end":1438},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A72","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"72","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A49","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"49","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A73","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"73","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A61","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"61","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A57","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"57","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A44","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"44","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A62","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"62","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A64","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"64","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A65","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"65","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A66","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"66","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A67","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"67","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A52","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"52","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A63","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"63","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A54","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"54","obj":"MESH:D018942"},{"id":"A60","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"60","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A41","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"41","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A53","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"53","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A69","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"69","obj":"MESH:D003141"},{"id":"A50","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"50","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A68","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"68","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A42","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"42","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A51","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"51","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A70","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"70","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A46","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"46","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A71","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"71","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A43","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"43","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A58","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"58","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A45","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"45","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A47","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"47","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A48","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"48","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A59","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"59","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A56","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"56","obj":"MESH:D018942"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":12,"end":19},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":133,"end":142},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000559"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":872,"end":880},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000020"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":930,"end":937},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":239,"end":248},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":421,"end":429},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46831"},{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-GO-BP-0","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":430,"end":443},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":467,"end":482},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":0,"end":24},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":26,"end":34},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":47,"end":94},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":96,"end":106},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":187,"end":195},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":335,"end":343},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":600,"end":608},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":713,"end":723},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":884,"end":892},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1145},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1232,"end":1240},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1347,"end":1355},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1430,"end":1438},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1174,"end":1195},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001657"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":430,"end":443},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":467,"end":482},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":430,"end":443},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":467,"end":482},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"40","span":{"begin":797,"end":803},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"41","span":{"begin":47,"end":94},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"42","span":{"begin":96,"end":106},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"43","span":{"begin":398,"end":411},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"44","span":{"begin":688,"end":701},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"45","span":{"begin":713,"end":723},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"46","span":{"begin":1123,"end":1131},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"47","span":{"begin":1241,"end":1249},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"48","span":{"begin":250,"end":261},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"49","span":{"begin":263,"end":265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"50","span":{"begin":271,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"51","span":{"begin":291,"end":294},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"52","span":{"begin":670,"end":672},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"53","span":{"begin":673,"end":676},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"54","span":{"begin":835,"end":844},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"55","span":{"begin":1036,"end":1042},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"56","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1084},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"57","span":{"begin":1209,"end":1211},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"58","span":{"begin":1212,"end":1215},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"59","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1325},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"60","span":{"begin":1326,"end":1329},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"61","span":{"begin":1420,"end":1422},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"62","span":{"begin":1423,"end":1426},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"63","span":{"begin":0,"end":24},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"64","span":{"begin":26,"end":34},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"65","span":{"begin":187,"end":195},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"66","span":{"begin":335,"end":343},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"67","span":{"begin":600,"end":608},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"68","span":{"begin":884,"end":892},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"69","span":{"begin":924,"end":937},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"70","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1145},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"71","span":{"begin":1232,"end":1240},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"72","span":{"begin":1347,"end":1355},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"73","span":{"begin":1430,"end":1438},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A41","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"41","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A42","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"42","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A43","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"43","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A44","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"44","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A45","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"45","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A46","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"46","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A47","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"47","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A48","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"48","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A49","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"49","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A50","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"50","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A51","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"51","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A52","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"52","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A53","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"53","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A54","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"54","obj":"MESH:D018942"},{"id":"A56","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"56","obj":"MESH:D018942"},{"id":"A57","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"57","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A58","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"58","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A59","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"59","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A60","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"60","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A61","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"61","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A62","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"62","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A63","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"63","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A64","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"64","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A65","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"65","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A66","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"66","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A67","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"67","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A68","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"68","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A69","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"69","obj":"MESH:D003141"},{"id":"A70","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"70","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A71","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"71","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A72","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"72","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A73","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"73","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":0,"end":132},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":133,"end":196},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":197,"end":344},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":345,"end":522},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":523,"end":609},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":610,"end":759},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":760,"end":985},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":986,"end":1146},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1147,"end":1250},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1251,"end":1542},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1174,"end":1195},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001657"}],"text":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies."}