PMC:7441788 / 119-750 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7441788","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7441788","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7441788","text":"CINE\n\nAbstract\nABSTRACT\nCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-1","divisions":[{"label":"title","span":{"begin":15,"end":23}}],"tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":445,"end":453},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46831"},{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":24,"end":48},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":50,"end":58},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":71,"end":118},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":71,"end":104},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":120,"end":128},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":359,"end":367},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":491,"end":499},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":537,"end":545},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":600,"end":601},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":231,"end":236},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":274,"end":285},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":287,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":295,"end":313},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":369,"end":371},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A5","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888"},{"id":"A6","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A7","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A8","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801"},{"id":"A9","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-MedDRA","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":243,"end":256},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10062026"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-MedDRA"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":274,"end":285},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":287,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":295,"end":313},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":369,"end":371},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A4","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A5","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801"},{"id":"A6","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":24,"end":48},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":50,"end":58},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":71,"end":118},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":120,"end":130},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":359,"end":367},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T2","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A3","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T3","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A4","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T4","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A5","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T5","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A6","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T6","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A7","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T7","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"NCBItxid","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":6,"end":14},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":15,"end":23},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":24,"end":156},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":157,"end":220},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":221,"end":368},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":369,"end":546},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-sentences"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-sentences"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-sentences"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-sentences"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator","denotations":[{"id":"41","span":{"begin":71,"end":118},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"42","span":{"begin":120,"end":130},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"43","span":{"begin":422,"end":435},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"48","span":{"begin":274,"end":285},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"49","span":{"begin":287,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"50","span":{"begin":295,"end":313},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"51","span":{"begin":315,"end":318},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"63","span":{"begin":24,"end":48},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"64","span":{"begin":50,"end":58},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"65","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"66","span":{"begin":359,"end":367},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A49","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"49","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A64","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"64","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A65","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"65","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A66","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"66","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A63","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"63","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A41","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"41","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A50","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"50","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A42","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"42","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A51","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"51","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A43","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"43","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A48","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"48","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"subj":"41","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"42","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"43","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"48","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"49","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"50","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"51","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"63","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"64","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"65","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"},{"subj":"66","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":36,"end":43},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":157,"end":166},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000559"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":263,"end":272},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":445,"end":453},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46831"},{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-GO-BP-0","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":454,"end":467},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":491,"end":506},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-GO-BP-0"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-GO-BP-0"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":24,"end":48},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":50,"end":58},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":71,"end":118},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":120,"end":130},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":359,"end":367},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sample-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":454,"end":467},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":491,"end":506},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sample-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":454,"end":467},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":491,"end":506},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"41","span":{"begin":71,"end":118},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"42","span":{"begin":120,"end":130},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"43","span":{"begin":422,"end":435},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"48","span":{"begin":274,"end":285},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"49","span":{"begin":287,"end":289},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"50","span":{"begin":295,"end":313},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"51","span":{"begin":315,"end":318},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"63","span":{"begin":24,"end":48},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"64","span":{"begin":50,"end":58},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"65","span":{"begin":211,"end":219},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"66","span":{"begin":359,"end":367},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A41","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"41","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A42","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"42","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A43","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"43","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A48","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"48","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A49","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"49","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A50","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"50","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A51","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"51","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A63","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"63","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A64","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"64","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A65","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"65","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A66","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"66","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"subj":"41","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"42","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"43","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"48","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"49","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"50","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"51","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"63","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"64","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"65","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"66","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":6,"end":14},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":15,"end":23},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":24,"end":156},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":157,"end":220},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":221,"end":368},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":369,"end":546},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#dbec93","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#e293ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#93ecc8"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#ecae93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-MedDRA","color":"#9493ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI","color":"#abec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon","color":"#ec93c5"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-sentences","color":"#93dfec"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator","color":"#ecdf93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO","color":"#c593ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA","color":"#93ecab"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-PD-GO-BP-0","color":"#ec9395"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO","color":"#93afec"},{"id":"LitCovid-sample-GO-BP","color":"#c9ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#ec93e3"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#93ecdb"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ecc193"}]}]}}