PMC:7394275 / 2653-4968 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7394275","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7394275","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7394275","text":"To analyze the incidence of fungal co-infections in COVID-19 patients, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, using the keywords “fungi” OR “fungus” OR “fungal infection” OR “invasive fungal diseases” OR “secondary infection” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “2019 novel coronavirus” without date (up to May 18, 2020) and language restrictions. We also searched CNKI and Wanfang Data using the same terms in Chinese, with no time restrictions. The title, abstract, and full text of related articles determined according to these search criteria were carefully reviewed by the authors. Unfortunately, we have found very few articles reporting on fungal co-infections, not only that, some studies have not provided the details of the pathogens. Even so, we found COVID-19 patients, especially severely ill ones or accompanied with immunocompromised state, had co-infections of fungi [7]. In China, Chen et al. performed fungal culture on all 99 COVID-19 patients at admission and found five (5%, 5/99) cases of fungal infection, including one case of Aspergillus flavus, one case of Candida glabrata and three cases of C. albicans [8]. Yang et al. found there (3/52, 5.8%) patients had fungal co-infection in 52 critically ill patients, including A. flavus, A. fumigatus and C. albicans [5]. Other China studies have found a higher percentage of secondary infections (8–15%) in COVID-19 patients, but it is not clear whether it is bacterial or fungal infection [9, 10]. In addition, one study mentioned that 2.8% (31/1099) patients were treated with antifungal medicine, including 1.9% (18/926) non-severe patients and 7.5% (13/173) severe patients, but there was no etiological evidence of fungal co-infection [11]. Another study mentioned there was no patient treated with antifungal medicine in 149 cases [4]. A German study found COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was found in five (26.3%) of 19 consecutive critically ill patients with moderate to severe ARDS [12]. In Netherlands, there were six patients (19.4%) presumed IPA in 31 ICU patients, of which five were identified A. fumigatus [13]. Besides, among the 5 first well-described French COVID-19 patients, an old severely ill man was co-infected with A. flavus by tracheal aspirates culture 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