PMC:7386875 / 43583-45533 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7386875","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7386875","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7386875","text":"Proposed role of thrombin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated immunothrombosis. Infection of endothelial cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and liberation of viral danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) results in endothelial activation with the upregulation of tissue factor (TF) and adhesion molecule expression in addition to endothelial cytokine production. This leads to the recruitment and activation of leukocytes and platelets. Activated leukocytes release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and monocyte-derived, TF-bearing microvesicles (MV). Activated platelets release polyP from dense granules. This initiates intravascular thrombin generation via the TF and contact pathways of coagulation. Thrombin exerts its thrombotic effect by activating platelets through the platelet PAR (protease-activated receptor)-1/4 in addition to mediating the cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin. Furthermore, thrombin possesses proinflammatory functions due to its ability to activate endothelial cells and leukocytes. Thrombin activates endothelial cells via the endothelial PAR-1 receptor, leading to upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, PAF (platelet-activating factor), and MCP (monocyte chemoattractant protein)-1 in addition to the adhesion molecules P-selectin, E-selectin and ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-1, all of which serve to increase leukocyte recruitment and activation. Similarly, monocyte and T-cell functions are enhanced by thrombin activation of monocyte and T-cell expressed PAR-1 and PAR-3. The resultant endothelial cell, platelet, and leukocyte interactions establish a positive feedback loop, which further promulgates ongoing thrombin generation leading to immunothrombosis. This thrombotic phenotype likely results in the clinical manifestations seen in COVID-19, including pulmonary embolism (PE), microvascular thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T425","span":{"begin":107,"end":124},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T426","span":{"begin":119,"end":124},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T427","span":{"begin":316,"end":322},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T428","span":{"begin":395,"end":403},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T429","span":{"begin":464,"end":474},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T430","span":{"begin":479,"end":488},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T431","span":{"begin":500,"end":510},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T432","span":{"begin":519,"end":529},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T433","span":{"begin":561,"end":569},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T434","span":{"begin":620,"end":629},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T435","span":{"begin":814,"end":823},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T436","span":{"begin":836,"end":844},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T437","span":{"begin":1035,"end":1052},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T438","span":{"begin":1047,"end":1052},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T439","span":{"begin":1057,"end":1067},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T440","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1105},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T441","span":{"begin":1100,"end":1105},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T442","span":{"begin":1186,"end":1194},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T443","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1232},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T444","span":{"begin":1249,"end":1256},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T445","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1308},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T446","span":{"begin":1310,"end":1320},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T447","span":{"begin":1325,"end":1329},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T448","span":{"begin":1398,"end":1407},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T449","span":{"begin":1447,"end":1455},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T450","span":{"begin":1462,"end":1466},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T451","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1524},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T452","span":{"begin":1531,"end":1535},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T453","span":{"begin":1577,"end":1593},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T454","span":{"begin":1589,"end":1593},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T455","span":{"begin":1595,"end":1603},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T456","span":{"begin":1609,"end":1618},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T457","span":{"begin":1928,"end":1932},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A425","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T425","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772"},{"id":"A426","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T426","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A427","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T427","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637"},{"id":"A428","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T428","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A429","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T429","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852"},{"id":"A430","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T430","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851"},{"id":"A431","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T431","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852"},{"id":"A432","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T432","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860"},{"id":"A433","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T433","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A434","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T434","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851"},{"id":"A435","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T435","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851"},{"id":"A436","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T436","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851"},{"id":"A437","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T437","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772"},{"id":"A438","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T438","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A439","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T439","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852"},{"id":"A440","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T440","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772"},{"id":"A441","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T441","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A442","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T442","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851"},{"id":"A443","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T443","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A444","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T444","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A445","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T445","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62933"},{"id":"A446","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T446","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62932"},{"id":"A447","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T447","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67857"},{"id":"A448","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T448","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852"},{"id":"A449","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T449","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A450","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T450","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A451","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T451","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A452","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T452","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A453","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T453","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772"},{"id":"A454","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T454","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A455","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T455","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851"},{"id":"A456","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T456","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852"},{"id":"A457","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T457","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50723"},{"subj":"T425","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T426","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T427","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T428","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T429","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T430","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T431","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T432","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T433","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T434","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T435","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T436","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T437","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T438","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T439","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T440","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T441","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T442","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T443","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T444","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T445","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T446","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T447","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T448","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T449","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T450","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T451","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T452","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T453","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T454","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T455","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T456","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T457","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":316,"end":322},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":1923,"end":1932},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":1928,"end":1932},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A63","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"A64","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035552"},{"id":"A65","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001638"},{"subj":"T63","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"},{"subj":"T64","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"},{"subj":"T65","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T331","span":{"begin":29,"end":53},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T332","span":{"begin":55,"end":63},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T333","span":{"begin":94,"end":103},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T334","span":{"begin":128,"end":175},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T335","span":{"begin":128,"end":161},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T336","span":{"begin":177,"end":185},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T337","span":{"begin":638,"end":643},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T338","span":{"begin":1831,"end":1839},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T339","span":{"begin":1851,"end":1869},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":1871,"end":1873},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T341","span":{"begin":1890,"end":1900},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T342","span":{"begin":1911,"end":1917},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T344","span":{"begin":1933,"end":1943},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A331","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T331","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A332","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T332","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A333","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T333","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A334","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T334","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A335","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T335","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A336","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T336","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A337","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T337","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005079"},{"id":"A338","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T338","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A339","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T339","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005279"},{"id":"A340","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T340","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005279"},{"id":"A341","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T341","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831"},{"id":"A342","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T342","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005098"},{"id":"A343","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T342","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011057"},{"id":"A344","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T344","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831"},{"subj":"T331","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T332","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T333","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T334","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T335","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T336","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T337","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T338","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T339","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T340","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T341","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T342","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T344","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T472","span":{"begin":107,"end":124},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T473","span":{"begin":280,"end":290},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T474","span":{"begin":450,"end":460},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T475","span":{"begin":490,"end":499},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T476","span":{"begin":561,"end":569},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T477","span":{"begin":610,"end":619},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T478","span":{"begin":803,"end":813},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T479","span":{"begin":859,"end":868},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T480","span":{"begin":1026,"end":1034},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T481","span":{"begin":1035,"end":1052},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T482","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1087},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T483","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1105},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T484","span":{"begin":1175,"end":1179},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053704"},{"id":"T485","span":{"begin":1195,"end":1205},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T486","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1232},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T487","span":{"begin":1424,"end":1434},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T488","span":{"begin":1447,"end":1455},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T489","span":{"begin":1460,"end":1466},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T490","span":{"begin":1502,"end":1512},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T491","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1524},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T492","span":{"begin":1529,"end":1535},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T493","span":{"begin":1577,"end":1593},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T494","span":{"begin":1642,"end":1643},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T495","span":{"begin":1928,"end":1932},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001638"},{"id":"T496","span":{"begin":1928,"end":1932},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000816"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T472","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T473","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T474","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T475","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T476","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T477","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T478","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T479","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T480","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T481","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T482","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T483","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T484","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T485","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T486","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T487","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T488","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T489","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T490","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T491","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T492","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T493","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T494","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T495","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T496","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T243","span":{"begin":331,"end":333},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T244","span":{"begin":348,"end":356},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":579,"end":581},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":605,"end":607},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":638,"end":643},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T248","span":{"begin":722,"end":724},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":762,"end":770},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":1069,"end":1077},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":1169,"end":1171},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":1175,"end":1177},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1184},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":1186,"end":1212},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":1219,"end":1222},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":1249,"end":1256},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":1288,"end":1297},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":1354,"end":1362},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":1871,"end":1873},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A243","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T243","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74862"},{"id":"A244","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T244","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A245","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T245","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74862"},{"id":"A246","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T246","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73616"},{"id":"A247","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T247","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16838"},{"id":"A248","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T248","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74862"},{"id":"A249","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T249","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9574"},{"id":"A250","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T250","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9574"},{"id":"A251","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T251","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A252","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T251","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A253","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T253","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A254","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T253","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A255","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T255","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_44811"},{"id":"A256","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T255","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52450"},{"id":"A257","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T257","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36707"},{"id":"A258","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T257","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_44811"},{"id":"A259","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T257","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52450"},{"id":"A260","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132592"},{"id":"A261","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50099"},{"id":"A262","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T262","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A263","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T263","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A264","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T264","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A265","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T265","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16038"},{"id":"A266","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T265","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17553"},{"id":"A267","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T265","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74762"},{"subj":"T243","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T244","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T245","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T246","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T247","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T248","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T249","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T250","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T251","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T253","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T255","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T257","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T260","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T262","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T263","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T264","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T265","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":1851,"end":1869},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":1871,"end":1873},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":1902,"end":1917},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":1923,"end":1943},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A62","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002204"},{"id":"A63","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002204"},{"id":"A64","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002140"},{"id":"A65","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002625"},{"subj":"T62","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T63","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T64","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T65","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":395,"end":414},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001816"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":749,"end":760},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":1186,"end":1205},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030168"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T144","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T145","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T146","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":0,"end":93},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":94,"end":415},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":416,"end":489},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":490,"end":609},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":610,"end":664},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":665,"end":761},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":762,"end":945},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":946,"end":1068},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":1069,"end":1435},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":1436,"end":1562},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":1563,"end":1750},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":1751,"end":1950},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T140","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T141","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T142","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T143","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T144","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T145","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T146","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T147","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T148","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T149","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T150","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T151","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1461","span":{"begin":17,"end":25},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1462","span":{"begin":694,"end":702},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1463","span":{"begin":762,"end":770},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1464","span":{"begin":850,"end":882},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1465","span":{"begin":924,"end":934},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1466","span":{"begin":959,"end":967},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1467","span":{"begin":1069,"end":1077},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1468","span":{"begin":1169,"end":1173},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1469","span":{"begin":1175,"end":1179},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1470","span":{"begin":1181,"end":1184},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1471","span":{"begin":1219,"end":1222},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1472","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1259},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1473","span":{"begin":1298,"end":1308},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1474","span":{"begin":1310,"end":1320},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1475","span":{"begin":1331,"end":1365},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1476","span":{"begin":1493,"end":1501},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1477","span":{"begin":1546,"end":1551},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1478","span":{"begin":1556,"end":1561},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1479","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1710},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1480","span":{"begin":316,"end":329},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1481","span":{"begin":128,"end":175},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1482","span":{"begin":177,"end":187},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1483","span":{"begin":845,"end":848},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1484","span":{"begin":29,"end":53},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1485","span":{"begin":55,"end":63},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1486","span":{"begin":76,"end":92},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1487","span":{"begin":94,"end":103},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1488","span":{"begin":782,"end":792},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1489","span":{"begin":1733,"end":1749},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1490","span":{"begin":1756,"end":1766},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1491","span":{"begin":1831,"end":1839},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1492","span":{"begin":1851,"end":1869},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1493","span":{"begin":1890,"end":1900},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1494","span":{"begin":1902,"end":1917},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1495","span":{"begin":1923,"end":1943},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1461","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1461","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A1462","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1462","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A1463","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1463","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A1464","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1464","obj":"Gene:2149"},{"id":"A1465","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1465","obj":"Gene:2244"},{"id":"A1466","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1466","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A1467","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1467","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A1468","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1468","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A1469","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1469","obj":"Gene:3576"},{"id":"A1470","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1470","obj":"Gene:9768"},{"id":"A1471","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1471","obj":"Gene:4179"},{"id":"A1472","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1472","obj":"Gene:6347"},{"id":"A1473","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1473","obj":"Gene:6403"},{"id":"A1474","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1474","obj":"Gene:6401"},{"id":"A1475","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1475","obj":"Gene:3383"},{"id":"A1476","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1476","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A1477","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1477","obj":"Gene:2149"},{"id":"A1478","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1478","obj":"Gene:2151"},{"id":"A1479","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1479","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A1480","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1480","obj":"Gene:2152"},{"id":"A1481","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1481","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1482","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1482","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A1483","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1483","obj":"Gene:8856"},{"id":"A1484","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1484","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1485","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1485","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1487","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1487","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A1488","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1488","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A1490","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1490","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A1491","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1491","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1492","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1492","obj":"MESH:D011655"},{"id":"A1493","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1493","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A1494","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1494","obj":"MESH:D002544"},{"id":"A1495","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1495","obj":"MESH:D020246"},{"subj":"1461","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1462","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1463","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1464","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1465","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1466","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1467","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1468","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1469","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1470","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1471","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1472","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1473","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1474","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1475","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1476","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1477","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1478","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1479","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1480","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1481","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1482","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1483","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1484","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1485","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1486","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1487","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1488","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1489","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1490","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1491","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1492","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1493","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1494","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"1495","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#b0ec93","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","color":"#ec93ca"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#93e4ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#ecd993"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#bf93ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#93eca5"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#ec939a"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#93b4ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#ceec93"}]}]}}