
PMC:7386875 / 0-1313
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7386875","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7386875","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7386875","text":"The Emerging Threat of (Micro)Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications\n\nAbstract\nThe recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing global pandemic has presented a health emergency of unprecedented magnitude. Recent clinical data has highlighted that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a significant risk of thrombotic complications ranging from microvascular thrombosis, venous thromboembolic disease, and stroke. Importantly, thrombotic complications are markers of severe COVID-19 and are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. The evidence to date supports the concept that the thrombotic manifestations of severe COVID-19 are due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to invade endothelial cells via ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), which is expressed on the endothelial cell surface. However, in patients with COVID-19 the subsequent endothelial inflammation, complement activation, thrombin generation, platelet, and leukocyte recruitment, and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses culminate in immunothrombosis, ultimately causing (micro)thrombotic complications, such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. Accordingly, the activation of coagulation (eg, as measur","divisions":[{"label":"article-title","span":{"begin":0,"end":85}}],"tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":780,"end":797},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":792,"end":797},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":869,"end":885},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":881,"end":885},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1023},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1029,"end":1038},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1207,"end":1211},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772"},{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A3","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772"},{"id":"A4","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A5","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851"},{"id":"A6","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852"},{"id":"A7","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50723"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":1202,"end":1211},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1207,"end":1211},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035552"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001638"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":30,"end":40},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":44,"end":52},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":120,"end":167},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":120,"end":153},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":169,"end":177},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":316,"end":340},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":342,"end":350},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":445,"end":455},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":457,"end":478},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":492,"end":498},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":560,"end":568},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":593,"end":611},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":724,"end":732},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":759,"end":767},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":921,"end":929},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":957,"end":969},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1212,"end":1222},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1242},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1248,"end":1254},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005399"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005098"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011057"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A18","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831"},{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005279"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005098"},{"id":"A21","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011057"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":213,"end":216},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":227,"end":228},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":295,"end":298},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":371,"end":372},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":780,"end":797},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":869,"end":885},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":982,"end":992},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1207,"end":1211},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001638"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1207,"end":1211},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000816"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1273,"end":1283},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":809,"end":820},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":464,"end":486},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":492,"end":498},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1202,"end":1222},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1242},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1248,"end":1254},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001907"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001297"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002625"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002204"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001297"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":957,"end":969},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":971,"end":992},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006956"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1110},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1273,"end":1298},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050820"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":1287,"end":1298},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":0,"end":85},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":87,"end":95},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":96,"end":273},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":274,"end":499},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":500,"end":636},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":637,"end":894},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":895,"end":1255},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2","span":{"begin":30,"end":40},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"3","span":{"begin":44,"end":52},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"48","span":{"begin":802,"end":807},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"49","span":{"begin":809,"end":840},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"50","span":{"begin":994,"end":1002},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"51","span":{"begin":120,"end":167},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"52","span":{"begin":169,"end":179},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"53","span":{"begin":759,"end":769},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"54","span":{"begin":907,"end":915},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"60","span":{"begin":316,"end":340},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"61","span":{"begin":342,"end":350},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"62","span":{"begin":393,"end":417},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"63","span":{"begin":445,"end":455},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"64","span":{"begin":457,"end":486},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"65","span":{"begin":492,"end":498},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"66","span":{"begin":513,"end":537},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"67","span":{"begin":560,"end":568},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"68","span":{"begin":593,"end":611},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"69","span":{"begin":626,"end":635},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"70","span":{"begin":688,"end":698},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"71","span":{"begin":724,"end":732},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"72","span":{"begin":921,"end":929},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"73","span":{"begin":957,"end":969},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"74","span":{"begin":1124,"end":1140},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"75","span":{"begin":1168,"end":1192},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"76","span":{"begin":1202,"end":1222},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"77","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1242},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"78","span":{"begin":1248,"end":1254},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A3","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"3","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A48","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"48","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A49","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"49","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A50","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"50","obj":"Gene:2147"},{"id":"A51","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"51","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A52","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"52","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A53","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"53","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A54","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"54","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A60","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"60","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A61","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"61","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A62","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"62","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A63","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"63","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A64","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"64","obj":"MESH:D054556"},{"id":"A65","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"65","obj":"MESH:D020521"},{"id":"A66","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"66","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A67","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"67","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A68","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"68","obj":"MESH:D009102"},{"id":"A69","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"69","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A70","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"70","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A71","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"71","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A72","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"72","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A73","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"73","obj":"MESH:D007249"},{"id":"A75","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"75","obj":"MESH:D013927"},{"id":"A76","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"76","obj":"MESH:D020246"},{"id":"A77","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"77","obj":"MESH:D011655"},{"id":"A78","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"78","obj":"MESH:D020521"},{"subj":"2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"48","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"49","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"50","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"51","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"52","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"53","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"54","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"60","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"61","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"62","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"63","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"64","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"65","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"66","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"67","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"68","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"69","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"70","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"71","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"72","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"73","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"74","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"75","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"76","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"77","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"78","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#93eca6","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","color":"#ec9399"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#93b4ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#ceec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#ec93e8"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#93ecd6"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#ecbc93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#a293ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#9dec93"}]}]}}