PMC:7352545 / 72677-75481
Annnotations
LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T211 | 1727-1729 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
| T212 | 2167-2169 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
| T213 | 2321-2323 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
| T214 | 2504-2506 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T701 | 341-353 | Body_part | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925 |
| T702 | 359-371 | Body_part | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816 |
| T703 | 789-794 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T704 | 1084-1089 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T705 | 1285-1297 | Body_part | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925 |
| T706 | 1413-1425 | Body_part | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925 |
| T707 | 1783-1788 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T708 | 2439-2444 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T277 | 143-151 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T278 | 502-504 | Disease | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005272|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
| T280 | 517-536 | Disease | denotes | autoimmune diseases | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007179 |
| T281 | 574-581 | Disease | denotes | malaria | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005136 |
| T282 | 1118-1126 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T283 | 1213-1221 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T284 | 1240-1249 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T285 | 1534-1542 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T286 | 1942-1945 | Disease | denotes | NDP | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010691 |
| T287 | 2267-2271 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T288 | 2289-2297 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T289 | 2369-2377 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1044 | 448-453 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T1045 | 772-781 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activated |
| T1046 | 789-794 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T1047 | 821-830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signaling |
| T1048 | 1076-1089 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051719 | denotes | Vero E6 cells |
| T1049 | 1652-1658 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T1050 | 1783-1788 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T1051 | 2060-2061 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T1052 | 2233-2241 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T1053 | 2380-2388 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T1054 | 2434-2438 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T1055 | 2434-2438 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T1056 | 2439-2444 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T1057 | 2616-2619 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051568 | denotes | SAs |
| T1058 | 2757-2760 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T71174 | 35-46 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T85825 | 341-353 | Chemical | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089 |
| T33845 | 359-371 | Chemical | denotes | gangliosides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892 |
| T98479 | 492-497 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T31712 | 502-504 | Chemical | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73810 |
| T434 | 594-599 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T30483 | 614-628 | Chemical | denotes | aminoquinoline | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36709 |
| T436 | 835-837 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T438 | 940-945 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T439 | 1285-1297 | Chemical | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089 |
| T38801 | 1413-1425 | Chemical | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089 |
| T441 | 1671-1681 | Chemical | denotes | UDP-GlcNAc | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16264 |
| T442 | 1671-1674 | Chemical | denotes | UDP | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58223 |
| T444 | 1675-1681 | Chemical | denotes | GlcNAc | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_506227|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73685 |
| T3074 | 1727-1729 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
| T49127 | 1860-1869 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T66482 | 1942-1945 | Chemical | denotes | NDP | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16862 |
| T63999 | 1946-1956 | Chemical | denotes | saccharide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646 |
| T454 | 2024-2031 | Chemical | denotes | quinone | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36141 |
| T58367 | 2106-2116 | Chemical | denotes | UDP-GlcNAc | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16264 |
| T69553 | 2106-2109 | Chemical | denotes | UDP | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17659|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58223 |
| T458 | 2110-2116 | Chemical | denotes | GlcNAc | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_506227|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73685 |
| T460 | 2167-2169 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
| T465 | 2223-2232 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T466 | 2321-2323 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
| T471 | 2504-2506 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
| T476 | 2549-2558 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T477 | 2629-2638 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T132 | 5-20 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006487 | denotes | N-Glycosylation |
| T133 | 295-308 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
| T134 | 821-830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 | denotes | signaling |
| T135 | 835-850 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032635 | denotes | IL-6 production |
| T136 | 1025-1047 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033578 | denotes | terminal glycosylation |
| T137 | 1034-1047 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
| T138 | 1449-1462 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
| T139 | 1730-1742 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | biosynthesis |
| T140 | 1763-1774 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097503 | denotes | sialylation |
| T141 | 1819-1832 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
| T142 | 2170-2179 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | synthesis |
| T143 | 2403-2416 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
| T144 | 2507-2516 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | synthesis |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T705 | 0-4 | Sentence | denotes | 7.1. |
| T706 | 5-84 | Sentence | denotes | N-Glycosylation Inhibition by Chloroquine (CLQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (CLQ-OH) |
| T707 | 85-164 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ and CLQ-OH are under investigation worldwide to treat COVID-19 (Figure 10). |
| T708 | 165-309 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ and its derivative CLQ-OH block CoV replication, amplification and spread in in vitro culture via inhibition of ACE2 receptor glycosylation. |
| T709 | 310-454 | Sentence | denotes | In HCoVs, interaction of the S glycoprotein with gangliosides initially occur as the first entry step during the replication cycle of the virus. |
| T710 | 455-600 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ and CLQ-OH have been alternative drugs for RA and several autoimmune diseases for 70 years, although they are anti-malaria prophylaxis drugs. |
| T711 | 601-657 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ-OH is an aminoquinoline with less toxicity than CLQ. |
| T712 | 658-754 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ-OH bears an N-hydroxyethyl side chain, which increases its solubility compared to CLQ [141]. |
| T713 | 755-857 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ-OH modulates activated immune cells via downregulation of TLR signaling and IL-6 production [142]. |
| T714 | 858-946 | Sentence | denotes | Clinical trials are also under consideration for the efficacy and safety of these drugs. |
| T715 | 947-1063 | Sentence | denotes | Regarding the action mechanism(s), CLQ and CLQ-OH-mediated inhibition of ACE2 terminal glycosylation was considered. |
| T716 | 1064-1250 | Sentence | denotes | In in vitro Vero E6 cells, CLQ significantly inhibits SARS-CoV spread by interfering with ACE2 function, acting at the entry and post-entry steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication and infection. |
| T717 | 1251-1357 | Sentence | denotes | The binding affinity of ACE2 to S glycoprotein is simulated to be lowered by treatment with CLQ-OH or CLQ. |
| T718 | 1358-1479 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ may modify the binding affinity between ACE2 and S glycoprotein by alterations in ACE2 glycosylation or modification. |
| T719 | 1480-1551 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ-OH (EC50 0.72 μM) and CLQ (EC50, 5.47 μM) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 [143]. |
| T720 | 1552-1789 | Sentence | denotes | Using computer simulation techniques, CLQ and CLQ-OH have been suggested to recognize the enzymatic active site of the UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, known as an essential enzyme in SA biosynthesis [144], blocking the sialylation of host cells. |
| T721 | 1790-1995 | Sentence | denotes | The mechanism underlying the glycosylation inhibition may support the antiviral properties of CLQ and CLQ-OH through interactions of CLQ or CLQ-OH with NDP-saccharide mutases or glycosyltransferases [145]. |
| T722 | 1996-2140 | Sentence | denotes | CLQ was reported to inhibit quinone reductase 2 [146], known as a catalytic mimetic or structural neighbor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerases [147,148]. |
| T723 | 2141-2332 | Sentence | denotes | If CLQ or CLQ-OH inhibits SA synthesis, the inhibitory properties may support the antiviral activity of CLQ or CLQ-OH against SARS-CoVs because the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 contains SA species. |
| T724 | 2333-2451 | Sentence | denotes | In fact, CLQ exhibits in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-1 activity via defective glycosylation of viral ACE2 in Vero cells [149]. |
| T725 | 2452-2645 | Sentence | denotes | In addition. the interference of CLQ or CLQ-OH with SA synthesis may broadly be applicable as an antiviral because the HcoVs or other orthomyxoviruses also utilize SAs as entry molecules [150]. |
| T726 | 2646-2708 | Sentence | denotes | However, the detailed mechanisms should be further elucidated. |
| T727 | 2709-2804 | Sentence | denotes | The CLQ treatment efficacy in Covid-19 patients has, however, not been conclusively determined. |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32604730-32194152-51944108 | 749-752 | 32194152 | denotes | 141 |
| 32604730-32150618-51944109 | 1546-1549 | 32150618 | denotes | 143 |
| 32604730-16439323-51944110 | 1744-1747 | 16439323 | denotes | 144 |
| 32604730-32171740-51944111 | 1990-1993 | 32171740 | denotes | 145 |
| 32604730-15078100-51944112 | 2045-2048 | 15078100 | denotes | 146 |
| 32604730-9068613-51944113 | 2135-2138 | 9068613 | denotes | 148 |
| 32604730-16115318-51944114 | 2446-2449 | 16115318 | denotes | 149 |
| 32604730-15766653-51944115 | 2640-2643 | 15766653 | denotes | 150 |
| T93696 | 749-752 | 32194152 | denotes | 141 |
| T42076 | 1546-1549 | 32150618 | denotes | 143 |
| T27482 | 1744-1747 | 16439323 | denotes | 144 |
| T60108 | 1990-1993 | 32171740 | denotes | 145 |
| T75339 | 2045-2048 | 15078100 | denotes | 146 |
| T38963 | 2135-2138 | 9068613 | denotes | 148 |
| T54788 | 2446-2449 | 16115318 | denotes | 149 |
| T38477 | 2640-2643 | 15766653 | denotes | 150 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T24 | 517-536 | Phenotype | denotes | autoimmune diseases | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002960 |