PMC:7352545 / 53920-55058 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

    {"project":"LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure","denotations":[{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":518,"end":520},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1090},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":1111,"end":1113},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"}],"text":"6.3.2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as MERS-CoV Receptor\nThe Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T463","span":{"begin":157,"end":161},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T464","span":{"begin":269,"end":281},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T465","span":{"begin":324,"end":336},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T466","span":{"begin":350,"end":361},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T467","span":{"begin":445,"end":452},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T468","span":{"begin":494,"end":506},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T469","span":{"begin":751,"end":763},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T470","span":{"begin":891,"end":903},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T471","span":{"begin":966,"end":982},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T472","span":{"begin":977,"end":982},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T473","span":{"begin":997,"end":1001},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T474","span":{"begin":1002,"end":1027},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T475","span":{"begin":1022,"end":1027},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A463","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T463","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A464","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T464","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A465","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T465","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A466","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T466","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835"},{"id":"A467","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T467","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82761"},{"id":"A468","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T468","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A469","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T469","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A470","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T470","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A471","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T471","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768"},{"id":"A472","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T472","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A473","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T473","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A474","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T474","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62499"},{"id":"A475","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T475","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"}],"text":"6.3.2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as MERS-CoV Receptor\nThe Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":362,"end":366},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":997,"end":1001},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A26","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415"},{"id":"A27","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"6.3.2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as MERS-CoV Receptor\nThe Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T749","span":{"begin":85,"end":90},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T750","span":{"begin":109,"end":110},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T751","span":{"begin":150,"end":151},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T752","span":{"begin":157,"end":161},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T753","span":{"begin":304,"end":305},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T754","span":{"begin":342,"end":343},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T755","span":{"begin":362,"end":366},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415"},{"id":"T756","span":{"begin":410,"end":411},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T757","span":{"begin":605,"end":607},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050"},{"id":"T758","span":{"begin":674,"end":676},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T759","span":{"begin":674,"end":676},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T760","span":{"begin":778,"end":779},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T761","span":{"begin":801,"end":803},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050"},{"id":"T762","span":{"begin":808,"end":810},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T763","span":{"begin":808,"end":810},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T764","span":{"begin":847,"end":849},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T765","span":{"begin":847,"end":849},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T766","span":{"begin":869,"end":871},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T767","span":{"begin":869,"end":871},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T768","span":{"begin":942,"end":947},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9837"},{"id":"T769","span":{"begin":966,"end":976},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T770","span":{"begin":977,"end":982},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T771","span":{"begin":991,"end":996},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T772","span":{"begin":997,"end":1001},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T773","span":{"begin":997,"end":1001},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T774","span":{"begin":1011,"end":1021},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T775","span":{"begin":1022,"end":1027},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"}],"text":"6.3.2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as MERS-CoV Receptor\nThe Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T90351","span":{"begin":62,"end":65},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":79,"end":82},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":116,"end":118},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22427","span":{"begin":119,"end":121},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T57434","span":{"begin":269,"end":281},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89040","span":{"begin":318,"end":320},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":321,"end":323},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":324,"end":336},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":445,"end":452},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":453,"end":463},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24076","span":{"begin":494,"end":506},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":518,"end":520},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":674,"end":676},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20492","span":{"begin":727,"end":729},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":751,"end":763},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":808,"end":810},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":847,"end":849},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T69256","span":{"begin":869,"end":871},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51531","span":{"begin":891,"end":903},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14157","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1090},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8117","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1107},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T86701","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1101},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T82881","span":{"begin":1102,"end":1107},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24700","span":{"begin":1111,"end":1113},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":1118,"end":1126},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1132},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A37435","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T90351","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17115"},{"id":"A45327","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T90351","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29999"},{"id":"A13927","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34680"},{"id":"A84706","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60069"},{"id":"A57211","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T84","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A5361","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T22427","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_55460"},{"id":"A62797","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T22427","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74861"},{"id":"A63154","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T57434","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A38195","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89040","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A11444","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_55460"},{"id":"A85672","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74861"},{"id":"A93817","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T91","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A52890","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17203"},{"id":"A86432","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26271"},{"id":"A70757","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46761"},{"id":"A21794","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24076","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A37687","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A87831","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A95398","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A7430","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A60846","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A64801","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T101","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A36035","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141444"},{"id":"A42160","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16410"},{"id":"A47561","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53551"},{"id":"A38374","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A99050","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A54986","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A30503","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T69256","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A72371","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51531","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A81909","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A71518","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A46875","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A41065","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A84743","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A5264","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8117","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574"},{"id":"A22062","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86701","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887"},{"id":"A74604","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82881","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"A37211","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A89894","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A22150","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A93338","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A57025","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A34574","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T123","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30884"},{"id":"A84827","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T124","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"}],"text":"6.3.2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as MERS-CoV Receptor\nThe Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T518","span":{"begin":0,"end":6},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T519","span":{"begin":7,"end":57},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T520","span":{"begin":58,"end":101},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T521","span":{"begin":102,"end":184},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T522","span":{"begin":185,"end":295},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T523","span":{"begin":296,"end":429},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T524","span":{"begin":430,"end":491},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T525","span":{"begin":492,"end":591},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T526","span":{"begin":592,"end":669},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T527","span":{"begin":670,"end":739},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T528","span":{"begin":740,"end":824},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T529","span":{"begin":825,"end":879},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T530","span":{"begin":880,"end":1048},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T531","span":{"begin":1049,"end":1138},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"6.3.2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as MERS-CoV Receptor\nThe Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32604730-23486063-51944059","span":{"begin":665,"end":667},"obj":"23486063"},{"id":"32604730-27791014-51944060","span":{"begin":820,"end":822},"obj":"27791014"},{"id":"32604730-28923942-51944061","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1136},"obj":"28923942"},{"id":"T57405","span":{"begin":665,"end":667},"obj":"23486063"},{"id":"T40903","span":{"begin":820,"end":822},"obj":"27791014"},{"id":"T18110","span":{"begin":1134,"end":1136},"obj":"28923942"}],"text":"6.3.2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as MERS-CoV Receptor\nThe Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}