PMC:7352545 / 33312-34870 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

    {"project":"LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure","denotations":[{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":78,"end":80},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":129,"end":131},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":349,"end":351},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":714,"end":716},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":796,"end":798},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":858,"end":860},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":1050,"end":1052},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":1106,"end":1108},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":1284,"end":1286},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1364},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":1476,"end":1478},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":190,"end":202},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":368,"end":378},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":392,"end":396},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":462,"end":474},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T267","span":{"begin":542,"end":552},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":577,"end":587},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":641,"end":653},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T270","span":{"begin":739,"end":751},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T271","span":{"begin":781,"end":788},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T272","span":{"begin":836,"end":848},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T273","span":{"begin":843,"end":848},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T274","span":{"begin":896,"end":901},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T275","span":{"begin":915,"end":925},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T276","span":{"begin":926,"end":937},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T277","span":{"begin":966,"end":978},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T278","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1087},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T279","span":{"begin":1355,"end":1360},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T280","span":{"begin":1414,"end":1419},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T281","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1547},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A263","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T263","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A264","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T264","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740"},{"id":"A265","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T265","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402"},{"id":"A266","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T266","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A267","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T267","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740"},{"id":"A268","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T268","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740"},{"id":"A269","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T269","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A270","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T270","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A271","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T271","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A272","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T272","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13148"},{"id":"A273","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T273","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A274","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T274","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66938"},{"id":"A275","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T275","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199"},{"id":"A276","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T276","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62122"},{"id":"A277","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T277","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A278","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T278","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A279","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T279","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A280","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T280","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A281","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T281","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":896,"end":901},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000912"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":1508,"end":1517},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":1548,"end":1557},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A123","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T123","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A124","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T124","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T445","span":{"begin":48,"end":56},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T446","span":{"begin":93,"end":101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T447","span":{"begin":217,"end":220},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T448","span":{"begin":290,"end":293},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T449","span":{"begin":392,"end":396},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T450","span":{"begin":538,"end":541},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001602"},{"id":"T451","span":{"begin":538,"end":541},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001603"},{"id":"T452","span":{"begin":538,"end":541},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050248"},{"id":"T453","span":{"begin":538,"end":541},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052463"},{"id":"T454","span":{"begin":759,"end":760},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T455","span":{"begin":843,"end":848},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T456","span":{"begin":876,"end":881},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T457","span":{"begin":915,"end":925},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160"},{"id":"T458","span":{"begin":915,"end":925},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834"},{"id":"T459","span":{"begin":994,"end":997},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T460","span":{"begin":1018,"end":1026},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T461","span":{"begin":1117,"end":1125},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T462","span":{"begin":1172,"end":1175},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051568"},{"id":"T463","span":{"begin":1273,"end":1278},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T464","span":{"begin":1299,"end":1307},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T465","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1337},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T466","span":{"begin":1355,"end":1360},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T467","span":{"begin":1373,"end":1381},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T468","span":{"begin":1414,"end":1419},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T469","span":{"begin":1452,"end":1453},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T470","span":{"begin":1487,"end":1495},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T471","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1547},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160"},{"id":"T472","span":{"begin":1537,"end":1547},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T1001","span":{"begin":45,"end":47},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1002","span":{"begin":78,"end":80},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1007","span":{"begin":110,"end":115},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1008","span":{"begin":129,"end":131},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1013","span":{"begin":190,"end":202},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1014","span":{"begin":349,"end":351},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1019","span":{"begin":368,"end":378},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1020","span":{"begin":462,"end":474},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1021","span":{"begin":542,"end":552},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1022","span":{"begin":577,"end":587},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1023","span":{"begin":641,"end":653},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1024","span":{"begin":714,"end":716},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1029","span":{"begin":739,"end":751},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1030","span":{"begin":781,"end":788},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1031","span":{"begin":796,"end":798},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1036","span":{"begin":858,"end":860},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1041","span":{"begin":966,"end":978},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1042","span":{"begin":1050,"end":1052},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1047","span":{"begin":1075,"end":1087},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1048","span":{"begin":1106,"end":1108},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1053","span":{"begin":1188,"end":1190},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1054","span":{"begin":1284,"end":1286},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1059","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1364},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T1064","span":{"begin":1476,"end":1478},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1001","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1001","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73924"},{"id":"A1002","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1002","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A1003","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1002","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A1004","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1002","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A1005","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1002","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A1006","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1002","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A1007","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1007","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62084"},{"id":"A1008","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1008","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A1009","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1008","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A1010","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1008","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A1011","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1008","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A1012","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1008","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A1013","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1013","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A1014","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1014","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A1015","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1014","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A1016","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1014","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A1017","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1014","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A1018","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1014","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A1019","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1019","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976"},{"id":"A1020","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1020","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A1021","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1021","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976"},{"id":"A1022","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1022","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976"},{"id":"A1023","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1023","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A1024","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1024","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A1025","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1024","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A1026","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1024","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A1027","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1024","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A1028","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1024","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A1029","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1029","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A1030","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1030","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A1031","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1031","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A1032","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1031","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A1033","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1031","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A1034","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1031","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A1035","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1031","obj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α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":260,"end":267},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":422,"end":429},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":510,"end":517},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":685,"end":692},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T327","span":{"begin":0,"end":20},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T328","span":{"begin":21,"end":124},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T329","span":{"begin":125,"end":211},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T330","span":{"begin":212,"end":268},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T331","span":{"begin":269,"end":367},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T332","span":{"begin":368,"end":524},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T333","span":{"begin":525,"end":693},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T334","span":{"begin":694,"end":853},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T335","span":{"begin":854,"end":938},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T336","span":{"begin":939,"end":1093},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T337","span":{"begin":1094,"end":1171},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T338","span":{"begin":1172,"end":1361},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T339","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1471},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":1472,"end":1558},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32604730-8764078-51944005","span":{"begin":117,"end":119},"obj":"8764078"},{"id":"32604730-9060696-51944006","span":{"begin":120,"end":122},"obj":"9060696"},{"id":"32604730-14557669-51944007","span":{"begin":850,"end":851},"obj":"14557669"},{"id":"32604730-8764078-51944008","span":{"begin":1089,"end":1091},"obj":"8764078"},{"id":"32604730-9060696-51944009","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1466},"obj":"9060696"},{"id":"32604730-10644848-51944010","span":{"begin":1467,"end":1469},"obj":"10644848"},{"id":"T88722","span":{"begin":117,"end":119},"obj":"8764078"},{"id":"T67423","span":{"begin":120,"end":122},"obj":"9060696"},{"id":"T29243","span":{"begin":850,"end":851},"obj":"14557669"},{"id":"T8143","span":{"begin":1089,"end":1091},"obj":"8764078"},{"id":"T44658","span":{"begin":1464,"end":1466},"obj":"9060696"},{"id":"T73054","span":{"begin":1467,"end":1469},"obj":"10644848"}],"text":"6.1.1. α-Coronavirus\nIn α-CoVs such as TGEV, HA-activity is attributed to the SA-recognizing activity to α2,3-NeuGc [61,62]. The SA-binding site is present on the N-terminal region of the S-glycoprotein of TGEV. TGEV has two types with enteric and respiratory tropism. The respiratory TGEV has the porcine aminopeptidase N (pAPN)-binding domain and SA-binding domain. Nucleotide 655 of the S gene is essential for enteric tropism and the S219A mutation of the S glycoprotein confers the enteric to respiratory tropism shift. In addition, a 6-nucleotide insertional mutation at nucleotide 1124, which yields the Y374-T375insND shift of the S glycoprotein, causes enhanced enteric tract tropism. TGEV interacts with SA species on mucin-like glycoprotein (MGP), a highly glycosylated protein, in an SA-dependent manner, on mucin-secreting goblet cells [6]. MGP SA-binding allows virus entry via the mucus layer to the intestinal enterocytes. Different from TGEV, the S glycoprotein of porcine CoV has no hemagglutination activity due to deletion of the SA-binding site of the S glycoprotein [61]. The loss of SA-binding activity is correlated to the non-enteropathogenicity. SAs function as HA-mediated entry determinants for TGEV, causing the enteropathogenic outcome of the virus, and SA-recognition activity is also responsible for virus amplification in cells. SA-binding activity-deficient TGEV can propagate in cells through pAPN, known as CD13, as a receptor [62,63]. The SA-binding activity potentiates infection and is crucial for intestinal infection."}