PMC:7352545 / 23215-24578 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7352545","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7352545","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7352545","text":"The position of SA O-acetylation is linked to functions including substrate differentiation of enzymes such as NAs and esterase by C4 O-Ac. Previous development of O-Ac site-selective NA inhibitors were based on the conceptual consideration of different O-Ac positions. The O-Ac of SAs is site-specific, as C4 of Neu5Ac is considered to be a potential position for modification. Historically, inhibitors of influenza A and B viruses-sialidases were designed by Von-Itzstein in 1993 [39]. The Ac group-based C4 substitution interacts with amino acid Glu-119 present in the active site of sialidase. Guanidine-attached C4 of C2–C3 unsaturated SA (Neu5Ac2en) inhibits activity of sialidases isolated from influenza A virus (Singapore/1/57) and B virus (Victoria/102/85). The same scenario was applied for sialidase inhibition of the human parainfluenza virus type 3, which has HN and fusion proteins [40]. The C4 of Neu5Ac2en was substituted by alkyl groups such as the O-ethyl group. For example, Zanamivir has a substitution with a 4-guanidino group with an IC50 of 25 μM. Thus, sialidase inhibition is important for C4 modification of Neu5Ac2en. Later, oseltamivir with the tradename Tamiflu (Basel, Switzerland) and zanamivir with the tradename Relenza (London, UK) were established [41]. 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