PMC:7299399 / 79230-87292
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T342 | 184-188 | Body_part | denotes | face | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728 |
| T343 | 480-482 | Body_part | denotes | Ag | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898 |
| T344 | 1665-1676 | Body_part | denotes | nucleotides | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740 |
| T345 | 2370-2377 | Body_part | denotes | tissues | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637 |
| T346 | 4079-4096 | Body_part | denotes | surfaces, in face | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46483 |
| T347 | 4092-4096 | Body_part | denotes | face | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728 |
| T348 | 4362-4366 | Body_part | denotes | face | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728 |
| T349 | 4551-4562 | Body_part | denotes | amino acids | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739 |
| T350 | 4731-4739 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T351 | 6139-6145 | Body_part | denotes | kidney | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203 |
| T352 | 6250-6256 | Body_part | denotes | kidney | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203 |
| T353 | 6285-6291 | Body_part | denotes | Kidney | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203 |
| T354 | 6374-6380 | Body_part | denotes | Kidney | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203 |
| T355 | 6420-6427 | Body_part | denotes | kidneys | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203 |
| T356 | 6439-6444 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T357 | 6552-6559 | Body_part | denotes | kidneys | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203 |
| T358 | 6732-6737 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T359 | 6947-6952 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T360 | 7019-7024 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T361 | 7091-7096 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T362 | 7519-7536 | Body_part | denotes | setting of kidney | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264815 |
| T363 | 7530-7536 | Body_part | denotes | kidney | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T60 | 184-188 | Body_part | denotes | face | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 |
| T61 | 4092-4096 | Body_part | denotes | face | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 |
| T62 | 4362-4366 | Body_part | denotes | face | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 |
| T63 | 6139-6145 | Body_part | denotes | kidney | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 |
| T64 | 6250-6256 | Body_part | denotes | kidney | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 |
| T65 | 6285-6291 | Body_part | denotes | Kidney | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 |
| T66 | 6374-6380 | Body_part | denotes | Kidney | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 |
| T67 | 6439-6444 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T68 | 6732-6737 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T69 | 6947-6952 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T70 | 7019-7024 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T71 | 7091-7096 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T72 | 7530-7536 | Body_part | denotes | kidney | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T217 | 40-48 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T218 | 60-68 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T219 | 369-377 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T220 | 388-398 | Disease | denotes | infectious | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T221 | 575-578 | Disease | denotes | MS2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012956 |
| T222 | 1355-1366 | Disease | denotes | hepatitis C | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231 |
| T223 | 1355-1364 | Disease | denotes | hepatitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251 |
| T224 | 1408-1441 | Disease | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T225 | 1455-1463 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T226 | 6104-6112 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T227 | 6146-6152 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T228 | 6292-6298 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T229 | 6364-6372 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T230 | 7428-7436 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T231 | 7530-7544 | Disease | denotes | kidney failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001106 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T656 | 184-188 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 | denotes | face |
| T657 | 306-311 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T658 | 321-322 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T659 | 544-552 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T660 | 900-903 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T661 | 936-943 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 | denotes | devices |
| T662 | 973-974 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T663 | 1075-1076 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T664 | 1099-1100 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T665 | 1144-1145 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T666 | 1217-1225 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T667 | 1246-1249 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 | denotes | aim |
| T668 | 1265-1266 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T669 | 1367-1372 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T670 | 1395-1403 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T671 | 1856-1864 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 | denotes | bacteria |
| T672 | 1869-1876 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T673 | 1952-1953 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T674 | 2005-2006 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T675 | 2084-2085 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T676 | 2610-2611 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T677 | 2653-2658 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T678 | 2707-2708 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T679 | 2784-2785 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T680 | 3111-3114 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T681 | 3687-3688 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T682 | 4092-4096 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 | denotes | face |
| T683 | 4145-4150 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T684 | 4343-4350 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T685 | 4362-4366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 | denotes | face |
| T686 | 4526-4529 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T687 | 4655-4660 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T688 | 4711-4712 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T689 | 4802-4808 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T690 | 4828-4829 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T691 | 4830-4835 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T692 | 5169-5170 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T693 | 5219-5224 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T694 | 5267-5268 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T695 | 5357-5360 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001196 | denotes | 225 |
| T696 | 5542-5545 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T697 | 5693-5696 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001203 | denotes | 232 |
| T698 | 5846-5853 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 | denotes | organic |
| T699 | 5846-5853 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 | denotes | organic |
| T700 | 6139-6145 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 | denotes | kidney |
| T701 | 6139-6145 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 | denotes | kidney |
| T702 | 6139-6145 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 | denotes | kidney |
| T703 | 6158-6159 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T704 | 6250-6256 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 | denotes | kidney |
| T705 | 6250-6256 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 | denotes | kidney |
| T706 | 6250-6256 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 | denotes | kidney |
| T707 | 6285-6291 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 | denotes | Kidney |
| T708 | 6285-6291 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 | denotes | Kidney |
| T709 | 6285-6291 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 | denotes | Kidney |
| T710 | 6374-6380 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 | denotes | Kidney |
| T711 | 6374-6380 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 | denotes | Kidney |
| T712 | 6374-6380 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 | denotes | Kidney |
| T713 | 6420-6427 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 | denotes | kidneys |
| T714 | 6420-6427 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 | denotes | kidneys |
| T715 | 6420-6427 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 | denotes | kidneys |
| T716 | 6439-6444 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T717 | 6439-6444 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T718 | 6478-6482 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002481 | denotes | bone |
| T719 | 6552-6559 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 | denotes | kidneys |
| T720 | 6552-6559 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 | denotes | kidneys |
| T721 | 6552-6559 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 | denotes | kidneys |
| T722 | 6586-6587 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T723 | 6732-6737 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T724 | 6732-6737 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T725 | 6756-6757 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T726 | 6791-6792 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T727 | 6807-6815 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
| T728 | 6855-6863 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
| T729 | 6865-6866 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T730 | 6947-6952 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T731 | 6947-6952 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T732 | 7005-7013 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
| T733 | 7019-7024 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T734 | 7019-7024 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T735 | 7091-7096 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T736 | 7091-7096 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T737 | 7530-7536 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 | denotes | kidney |
| T738 | 7530-7536 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 | denotes | kidney |
| T739 | 7530-7536 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 | denotes | kidney |
| T740 | 7644-7645 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T741 | 8010-8011 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T63244 | 480-482 | Chemical | denotes | Ag | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141 |
| T5064 | 534-543 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T73016 | 682-698 | Chemical | denotes | transition metal | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27081 |
| T60205 | 891-899 | Chemical | denotes | graphene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973 |
| T9994 | 960-962 | Chemical | denotes | GO | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889 |
| T47649 | 1190-1192 | Chemical | denotes | GO | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889 |
| T46143 | 1533-1546 | Chemical | denotes | nucleic acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696 |
| T48431 | 1541-1546 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T94361 | 1576-1578 | Chemical | denotes | GO | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889 |
| T32440 | 1654-1656 | Chemical | denotes | GO | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889 |
| T82408 | 1665-1676 | Chemical | denotes | nucleotides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976 |
| T13767 | 1715-1723 | Chemical | denotes | graphene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973 |
| T79842 | 1915-1919 | Chemical | denotes | MoS2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30704 |
| T51078 | 2047-2056 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
| T83129 | 2146-2148 | Chemical | denotes | Au | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287 |
| T89226 | 2303-2305 | Chemical | denotes | GO | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889 |
| T17686 | 2319-2321 | Chemical | denotes | IR | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74061 |
| T25182 | 3436-3445 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
| T2611 | 3466-3468 | Chemical | denotes | Se | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568 |
| T48803 | 3572-3581 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
| T43077 | 3705-3714 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
| T34477 | 3819-3828 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
| T55603 | 4466-4474 | Chemical | denotes | solution | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958 |
| T412 | 4551-4562 | Chemical | denotes | amino acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709 |
| T413 | 4551-4556 | Chemical | denotes | amino | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882 |
| T414 | 4557-4562 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T415 | 4731-4739 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T416 | 5059-5061 | Chemical | denotes | IR | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74061 |
| T417 | 5598-5606 | Chemical | denotes | titanium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33341 |
| T418 | 5824-5836 | Chemical | denotes | metal oxides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133331 |
| T419 | 5830-5836 | Chemical | denotes | oxides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741 |
| T420 | 5910-5919 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T421 | 5983-5996 | Chemical | denotes | disinfectants | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219 |
| T422 | 6456-6462 | Chemical | denotes | toxins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27026 |
| T423 | 6638-6651 | Chemical | denotes | uremic toxins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64584 |
| T424 | 6645-6651 | Chemical | denotes | toxins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27026 |
| T425 | 6963-6969 | Chemical | denotes | toxins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27026 |
| T426 | 7221-7234 | Chemical | denotes | uremic toxins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64584 |
| T427 | 7228-7234 | Chemical | denotes | toxins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27026 |
| T428 | 7491-7497 | Chemical | denotes | toxins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27026 |
| T429 | 7638-7642 | Chemical | denotes | urea | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16199 |
| T430 | 7646-7658 | Chemical | denotes | uremic toxin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64584 |
| T431 | 7653-7658 | Chemical | denotes | toxin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27026 |
| T432 | 7918-7922 | Chemical | denotes | urea | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16199 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T47 | 1355-1364 | Phenotype | denotes | hepatitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T80 | 6504-6515 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 | denotes | homeostasis |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T318 | 0-48 | Sentence | denotes | Emerging Nanomaterials for the Fight of COVID-19 |
| T319 | 49-154 | Sentence | denotes | To prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread, proper PPE is critical for healthcare workers and the general public alike. |
| T320 | 155-408 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, the development of face masks and other protective materials that can not only capture the aerosol droplets but also immobilize and kill the virus would be a major step toward preventing the spreading of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. |
| T321 | 409-613 | Sentence | denotes | New nanomaterials can help to accomplish this function such as loading Ag NPs on these materials because they show effective antiviral activity against bacteriophage MS2 when loaded on filter surfaces.165 |
| T322 | 615-660 | Sentence | denotes | Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides |
| T323 | 661-873 | Sentence | denotes | Graphene and layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted enormous attention in the area of biomedical applications for diagnostics, therapeutics, safety/security, and environmental monitoring. |
| T324 | 874-1318 | Sentence | denotes | Whereas pristine graphene has seen applications in biosensors devices, its derivative GO underwent a wealth of investigation for rapid detection, disinfection of pathogens, and enzyme assays, becoming a platform material for a variety of biomedical applications.207−209 A decade ago, studies started to emerge where GO was employed for enzyme activity assays,210 with the aim of using it as a platform material for viral helicase inhibition.211 |
| T325 | 1319-1677 | Sentence | denotes | Initial studies were performed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3212 helicase activity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).211 These studies were enabled by the evidence that single-stranded nucleic acids can adhere to the surface of GO through π–π stacking interactions between the hexagonal graphitic units of GO and the nucleotides. |
| T326 | 1678-2208 | Sentence | denotes | Beyond therapeutics and diagnostics, graphene is also being pursued as an “engineering” material to enhance the barrier properties of masks, gloves, and gowns for medics against bacteria and viruses larger than 300 nm.213 Contrastingly, MoS2 nanosheets could be employed as a novel class of 2D nanocarriers functionalized with a variety of therapeutic and disinfection molecules.214 They have demonstrated a loading capacity much higher than that of nanographenes and Au nanomaterials along with excellent physiological stability. |
| T327 | 2209-2461 | Sentence | denotes | Another advantage of several TMDCs is their ability to absorb light efficiently (more so than GO) in the near-IR region, with relatively deep penetrability into tissues and minimal phototoxicity, thus enabling different chemophotothermal treatments.215 |
| T328 | 2462-2659 | Sentence | denotes | Although 2D materials are mostly known in their planar sheet configuration, they can also form different morphologies such as nanoflowers, offering a very high surface area accessible to the virus. |
| T329 | 2660-2793 | Sentence | denotes | The petals are atomically thin, radiating from a common core and their dimensions can vary from tens of nanometers to about a micron. |
| T330 | 2794-2992 | Sentence | denotes | Atomically thin TMDCs—WSe2,216 WS2,217 MoSe2,218 and MoS2219 —have been obtained in this morphology when synthesized from chemical precursors in liquid phase at moderate temperatures (up to 300 °C). |
| T331 | 2993-3192 | Sentence | denotes | The syntheses are scalable, and the fact that they are directly grown and not exfoliated from bulk as 2D nanocrystals has the advantage of controlling the chemistry and crystal phase (from 2H to 1T). |
| T332 | 3193-3321 | Sentence | denotes | This emerging variability of morphology of TDMCs is now attracting interest due to their high surface areas and edge reactivity. |
| T333 | 3322-3446 | Sentence | denotes | The high density of edges with dangling bonds underscores their ability to be readily functionalized with NPs and molecules. |
| T334 | 3447-3582 | Sentence | denotes | In addition, S and Se termination of the basal plane and edges can be particularly favorable to anchor biologically relevant molecules. |
| T335 | 3583-4151 | Sentence | denotes | Nanoflowers of TMDCs present attracting properties in nanomedicine applications because they could host a large number of molecules and NPs on their edges and thus can develop abilities to detect and to inactivate pathogens, to deliver molecules, and to interfere with cellular functioning.220 Their stability in air and their availability as free-standing nanomaterials in addition to their strong substrate anchoring make them suitable for use in different environments such as in aerosols, on surfaces, in face masks, etc., to detect and/or to inactivate the virus. |
| T336 | 4153-4199 | Sentence | denotes | Two-Dimensional Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) |
| T337 | 4200-4387 | Sentence | denotes | Among the emerging materials, MXenes are particularly promising for the development of coatings that are capable of capturing and inactivating viruses for use on face masks and other PPE. |
| T338 | 4388-4502 | Sentence | denotes | MXenes are hydrophilic and they carry high negative charge (zeta-potential in solution is between −30 and −80 mV). |
| T339 | 4503-4683 | Sentence | denotes | As such, Ti3C2Tx MXene has been shown to adsorb amino acids strongly221 and may be able to bind strongly to viral spike peplomers and to immobilize the virus, thus deactivating it. |
| T340 | 4684-4740 | Sentence | denotes | It performs analogously to a strong magnet for proteins. |
| T341 | 4741-5068 | Sentence | denotes | Furthermore, MXenes have been shown to be photocatalytically active, meaning that once a virus is adsorbed onto the surface, it will be possible to apply light to degrade the adsorbate simultaneously.222−224 MXenes are among the most efficient light-to-heat converters due to their plasmon resonance in the visible or IR range. |
| T342 | 5069-5266 | Sentence | denotes | For example, Ti3C2Tx is excited by red light (780 nm plasmon resonance) and can be sterilized using a red/infrared lamp as well as solar light if the virus survives on the contact with the surface. |
| T343 | 5267-5794 | Sentence | denotes | A wide variety of MXenes—including Ti3C2Tx, Ta4C3Tx, Nb2CTx, and others—are biocompatible.225−229 At the same time, some MXenes have shown antibacterial properties, likely due to the combination of their charge transfer ability and hydrophilicity.183,230,231 Furthermore, it has been shown that the most common and least expensive titanium carbide MXenes have no negative ecological or toxicological impact on the environment.232 Nanometer-thin coatings of single-layer MXene flakes on the exposed surfaces are worth exploring. |
| T344 | 5795-6014 | Sentence | denotes | Other new materials, such as metal oxides or metal–organic frameworks, deserve attention and should be explored as antiviral materials, as well, because they are also capable of releasing disinfectants from their pores. |
| T345 | 6015-6373 | Sentence | denotes | In addition to the known pulmonary findings, it is estimated that 30–40% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have evidence of kidney injury, and a significant percentage of those patients require renal replacement therapy (RRT) if their kidney function fails outright.233 Kidney injury is an important predictor of mortality among those infected with COVID-19. |
| T346 | 6374-6542 | Sentence | denotes | Kidney function is essential to life: healthy kidneys filter the blood of harmful toxins, contribute to bone health, and maintain homeostasis of fluid and electrolytes. |
| T347 | 6543-6829 | Sentence | denotes | When the kidneys fail, hemodialysis offers a life-sustaining therapy to prevent the buildup of uremic toxins that would otherwise result in death.234 To perform hemodialysis, the patient’s blood is passed through a filtration circuit that contains a semipermeable membrane (“dialyzer”). |
| T348 | 6830-7077 | Sentence | denotes | On the other side of the membrane, a balanced fluid (“dialysate”) travels in the opposite direction to the patient’s blood, dragging toxins and excess electrolytes across the membrane from blood into dialysate across their concentration gradients. |
| T349 | 7078-7191 | Sentence | denotes | The filtered blood is returned to the patient and the dialysate, once it passes through the filter, is discarded. |
| T350 | 7192-7446 | Sentence | denotes | Novel efficient sorbents for uremic toxins are critically needed to improve the efficiency of current technology, as well as to enable the development of wearable and portable dialysis technologies that could be critical to the care of COVID-19 patients. |
| T351 | 7447-7545 | Sentence | denotes | MXenes can regenerate dialysate by removing toxins that build up in the setting of kidney failure. |
| T352 | 7546-8062 | Sentence | denotes | Preliminary research demonstrates that Ti3C2 MXene is biocompatible and selectively adsorbs urea, a uremic toxin that is otherwise difficult to eliminate from dialysate, due to the presence of narrow slit pores between the negatively charged MXene sheets.235 Thus, MXenes may be able to address key limitations of current ambulatory dialysis systems by offering efficient urea adsorption, small size, and light weight.235 Experts have posited that MXenes might be a key technology in revolutionizing RRT delivery.236 |
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1227 | 40-48 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 1232 | 60-70 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 1233 | 561-578 | Species | denotes | bacteriophage MS2 | Tax:12022 |
| 1234 | 369-377 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 1235 | 388-407 | Disease | denotes | infectious diseases | MESH:D003141 |
| 1238 | 615-623 | Chemical | denotes | Graphene | MESH:D006108 |
| 1239 | 628-660 | Chemical | denotes | Transition Metal Dichalcogenides | |
| 1245 | 1295-1303 | Gene | denotes | helicase | Gene:164045 |
| 1246 | 661-669 | Chemical | denotes | Graphene | MESH:D006108 |
| 1247 | 693-714 | Chemical | denotes | metal dichalcogenides | |
| 1248 | 716-721 | Chemical | denotes | TMDCs | |
| 1249 | 891-899 | Chemical | denotes | graphene | MESH:D006108 |
| 1259 | 1379-1382 | Gene | denotes | NS3 | Gene:3845 |
| 1260 | 1386-1394 | Gene | denotes | helicase | Gene:164045 |
| 1261 | 1355-1372 | Species | denotes | hepatitis C virus | Tax:11103 |
| 1262 | 1408-1453 | Species | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus | Tax:694009 |
| 1263 | 1455-1463 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 1264 | 1374-1377 | Species | denotes | HCV | Tax:11103 |
| 1265 | 1715-1723 | Chemical | denotes | graphene | MESH:D006108 |
| 1266 | 2146-2148 | Chemical | denotes | Au | MESH:D006046 |
| 1267 | 2390-2403 | Disease | denotes | phototoxicity | MESH:D017484 |
| 1270 | 2471-2473 | Chemical | denotes | 2D | |
| 1271 | 3182-3184 | Chemical | denotes | 2H | MESH:D003903 |
| 1273 | 3460-3461 | Gene | denotes | S | Gene:43740568 |
| 1277 | 4169-4177 | Chemical | denotes | Carbides | |
| 1278 | 4182-4190 | Chemical | denotes | Nitrides | |
| 1279 | 4192-4198 | Chemical | denotes | MXenes | |
| 1285 | 4617-4622 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
| 1286 | 5598-5614 | Chemical | denotes | titanium carbide | MESH:C096521 |
| 1287 | 5737-5749 | Chemical | denotes | MXene flakes | |
| 1288 | 5824-5836 | Chemical | denotes | metal oxides | |
| 1289 | 5840-5845 | Chemical | denotes | metal | MESH:D008670 |
| 1298 | 6113-6121 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1299 | 6192-6200 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1300 | 6104-6112 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 1301 | 6139-6152 | Disease | denotes | kidney injury | MESH:D058186 |
| 1302 | 6285-6298 | Disease | denotes | Kidney injury | MESH:D058186 |
| 1303 | 6328-6337 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
| 1304 | 6350-6358 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 1305 | 6364-6372 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 1321 | 6722-6729 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 1322 | 6937-6944 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 1323 | 7116-7123 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 1324 | 7437-7445 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 1325 | 7447-7453 | Chemical | denotes | MXenes | |
| 1326 | 7585-7596 | Chemical | denotes | Ti3C2 MXene | |
| 1327 | 7638-7642 | Chemical | denotes | urea | MESH:D014508 |
| 1328 | 7788-7793 | Chemical | denotes | MXene | |
| 1329 | 7918-7922 | Chemical | denotes | urea | MESH:D014508 |
| 1330 | 6638-6651 | Disease | denotes | uremic toxins | MESH:D006463 |
| 1331 | 6683-6688 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
| 1332 | 7221-7234 | Disease | denotes | uremic toxins | MESH:D006463 |
| 1333 | 7428-7436 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 1334 | 7530-7544 | Disease | denotes | kidney failure | MESH:D051437 |
| 1335 | 7646-7652 | Disease | denotes | uremic | MESH:D006463 |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32519842-26434534-158628 | 610-613 | 26434534 | denotes | 165 |
| 32519842-31560513-158629 | 1136-1139 | 31560513 | denotes | 207 |
| 32519842-28808523-158630 | 1381-1385 | 28808523 | denotes | 3212 |
| 32519842-24677423-158631 | 2057-2060 | 24677423 | denotes | 214 |
| 32519842-30755619-158632 | 2821-2824 | 30755619 | denotes | 216 |
| 32519842-25220034-158633 | 2829-2832 | 25220034 | denotes | 217 |
| 32519842-29667670-158634 | 5357-5360 | 29667670 | denotes | 225 |
| 32519842-29063760-158635 | 5361-5364 | 29063760 | denotes | 229 |
| 32519842-26909865-158636 | 5514-5517 | 26909865 | denotes | 183 |
| 32519842-28487521-158637 | 5518-5521 | 28487521 | denotes | 230 |
| 32519842-32204907-158638 | 6281-6284 | 32204907 | denotes | 233 |
| 32519842-30257087-158639 | 7801-7804 | 30257087 | denotes | 235 |
| 32519842-30257087-158640 | 7964-7967 | 30257087 | denotes | 235 |
| 32519842-31727617-158641 | 8059-8062 | 31727617 | denotes | 236 |